Tehnologije pametne kuće za zdravlje i podrške za socijalnu skrb
Abstract
Background
The integration of smart home technology to support health and social care is acquiring an increasing global significance. Provision is framed within the context of a rapidly changing population profile, which is impacting on the number of people requiring health and social care, workforce availability and the funding of healthcare systems.
Objectives
To explore the effectiveness of smart home technologies as an intervention for people with physical disability, cognitive impairment or learning disability, who are living at home, and to consider the impact on the individual's health status and on the financial resources of health care.
Search methods
We searched the following databases for primary studies: (a) the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Register, (b) the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (The Cochrane Library, issue 1, 2007), and (c) bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE (1966 to March 2007), EMBASE (1980 to March 2007) and CINAHL (1982 to March 2007). We also searched the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE). We searched the electronic databases using a strategy developed by the EPOC Trials Search Co‐ordinator.
Selection criteria
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐experimental studies, controlled before and after studies (CBAs) and interrupted time series analyses (ITS). Participants included adults over the age of 18, living in their home in a community setting. Participants with a physical disability, dementia or a learning disability were included. The included interventions were social alarms, electronic assistive devices, telecare social alert platforms, environmental control systems, automated home environments and 'ubiquitous homes'. Outcome measures included any objective measure that records an impact on a participant's quality of life, healthcare professional workload, economic outcomes, costs to healthcare provider or costs to participant. We included measures of service satisfaction, device satisfaction and healthcare professional attitudes or satisfaction.
Data collection and analysis
One review author completed the search strategy with the support of a life and health sciences librarian. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of results.
Main results
No studies were identified which met the inclusion criteria.
Authors' conclusions
This review highlights the current lack of empirical evidence to support or refute the use of smart home technologies within health and social care, which is significant for practitioners and healthcare consumers.
PICO
Plain language summary
Tehnologija pametne kuće za podršku bolesnim ljudima
Ljudima koji su bolesni (fizički ili psihički), ili slabi može biti teško zadovoljiti svoje svakodnevne osobne i društvene potrebe kod kuće. Liječnici pokušavaju pronaći načine da pruže veću podršku ljudima u kući, ali nije uvijek jednostavno organizirati njegovatelje u kući i takvu pomoć financirati. Napredak tehnologije doveo je do novih izume koji pomažu u pružanju podrške ljudima u takvoj situaciji.
Novi izumi, kao što su mobilni telefoni prilagođeni za zdravstvo, ili elektronički senzori koji alarmiraju u hitnim situacijama su se već počeli koristiti.Još jedna nova tehnologija su i senzori.Senzori mogu biti smješteni u običnim uređajima kod kuće, poput frižidera, štednjaka ili vrata, i mogu slati informacije liječnicima. Zdravstveni radnici tako pomoću senzora mogu saznati kako su ljudi kod kuće i temeljem tih informacija donositi odluke o njihovoj skrbi, kao naprimjer koliko često ih treba posjetiti kod kuće.Kuće s tim tehnologijama zovu se "pametne kuće".
Kao i kod mnogih novih tehnologija, tehnologije pametne kuće često se počinju koristiti bez prethodnog testiranja da se vidi jesu li učinkovite.Ovaj Cochrane sustavni pregled pomaže utvrditi kakav učinak imaju neki oblici tehnologija pametne kuće na ljude. Pregled je našao značajnu količinu literature o korištenju pametnih tehnologija unutar zdravstvenog sustava, ali nije bilo studija koje bi ispitivale njihovu djelotvornost.Stoga nije poznato kakav je učinak pametnih tehnologija na zdravstvenu podršku ljudima u njihovim domovima. Potrebna je provesti više istraživanja bolje kvalitete na tu temu.
