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Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.

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Comparison 1 Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance, Outcome 1 Bleeding.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance, Outcome 1 Bleeding.

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Comparison 1 Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance, Outcome 2 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance, Outcome 2 Death.

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Comparison 1 Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance, Outcome 3 Institutionaliation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance, Outcome 3 Institutionaliation.

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Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 1 ADAScog.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 1 ADAScog.

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Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Confusion.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Confusion.

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Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 3 hyperglycemia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 3 hyperglycemia.

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Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Abnormal lab results.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Abnormal lab results.

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Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 5 Face edema.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Steroids vs. placebo, Outcome 5 Face edema.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Cognition:ADAScog all studies.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Cognition:ADAScog all studies.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Cognition:MMSE all.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Cognition:MMSE all.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 3 CIBIC+.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 3 CIBIC+.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 4 CDR sum score.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 4 CDR sum score.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 5 NPI.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 5 NPI.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 6 Mood/depression.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 6 Mood/depression.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 7 Clinical global impression: GDS.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 7 Clinical global impression: GDS.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 8 Clinical global impression: CGIC and NOSGER 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.8

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 8 Clinical global impression: CGIC and NOSGER 6 months.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 9 Behavioral disturbance.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.9

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 9 Behavioral disturbance.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 10 Activity of daily living.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.10

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 10 Activity of daily living.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 11 Quality of life.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.11

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 11 Quality of life.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 12 Caregiver burden.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.12

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 12 Caregiver burden.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 13 Gastrointestinal side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.13

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 13 Gastrointestinal side effects.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 14 Elevated creatinine.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.14

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 14 Elevated creatinine.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 15 Elevated liver function test.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.15

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 15 Elevated liver function test.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 16 Headache.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.16

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 16 Headache.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 17 Psychiatric side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.17

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 17 Psychiatric side effects.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 18 Bleeding.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.18

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 18 Bleeding.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 19 Heart disease.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.19

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 19 Heart disease.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 20 Cerebrovascular side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.20

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 20 Cerebrovascular side effects.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 21 Hypertension.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.21

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 21 Hypertension.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 22 Hyperglycemia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.22

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 22 Hyperglycemia.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 23 Rash.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.23

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 23 Rash.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 24 Respiratory side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.24

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 24 Respiratory side effects.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 25 Dry mouth.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.25

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 25 Dry mouth.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 26 Fatigue.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.26

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 26 Fatigue.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 27 Dizziness.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.27

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 27 Dizziness.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 28 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.28

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 28 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 29 Withdrawal due to side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.29

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 29 Withdrawal due to side effects.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 30 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.30

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 30 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 31 Constipation or diarrhea.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.31

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 31 Constipation or diarrhea.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 32 Nausea or vomiting.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.32

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 32 Nausea or vomiting.

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Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 33 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.33

Comparison 3 NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 33 Death.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Nausea or vomiting.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Nausea or vomiting.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Gastrointestinal side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Gastrointestinal side effects.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Elevated creatinine.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Elevated creatinine.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Elevated liver function test.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Elevated liver function test.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 5 Hypertension.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.5

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 5 Hypertension.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 6 Headache.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.6

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 6 Headache.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 7 Psychiatric side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.7

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 7 Psychiatric side effects.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 8 Heart disease.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.8

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 8 Heart disease.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 9 Cerebrovascular side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.9

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 9 Cerebrovascular side effects.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 10 Hyperglycemia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.10

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 10 Hyperglycemia.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 11 Dry mouth.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.11

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 11 Dry mouth.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 12 Fatigue.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.12

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 12 Fatigue.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 13 Dizziness.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.13

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 13 Dizziness.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 14 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.14

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 14 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 15 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.15

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 15 Death.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 16 Withdrawal due to side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.16

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 16 Withdrawal due to side effects.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 17 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.17

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 17 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia.

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Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 18 Constipation or diarrhea.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.18

Comparison 4 Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo, Outcome 18 Constipation or diarrhea.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Gastrointestinal side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Gastrointestinal side effects.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Hypertension.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Hypertension.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Heart disease.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Heart disease.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Rash.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Rash.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 5 Headache.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 5 Headache.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 6 Psychiatric side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 6 Psychiatric side effects.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 7 Bleeding.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 7 Bleeding.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 8 Cerebrovascular side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.8

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 8 Cerebrovascular side effects.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 9 Respiratory side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.9

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 9 Respiratory side effects.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 10 Dry mouth.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.10

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 10 Dry mouth.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 11 Fatigue.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.11

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 11 Fatigue.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 12 Dizziness.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.12

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 12 Dizziness.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 13 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.13

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 13 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 14 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.14

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 14 Death.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 15 Withdrawal due to side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.15

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 15 Withdrawal due to side effects.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 16 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.16

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 16 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 17 Constipation or diarrhea.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.17

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 17 Constipation or diarrhea.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 18 Nausea or vomiting.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.18

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 18 Nausea or vomiting.

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Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 19 Abnormal liver function test.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.19

Comparison 5 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo, Outcome 19 Abnormal liver function test.

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Table 1. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias

Domain

Description

Review authors’ judgment

Sequence generation.

Describe the method used to generate the allocation sequence in sufficient detail to allow an assessment of whether it should produce comparable groups.

Was the allocation sequence adequately generated?

Allocation concealment.

Describe the method used to conceal the allocation sequence in sufficient detail to determine whether intervention allocations could have been foreseen in advance of, or during, enrolment.

Was allocation adequately concealed?

Blinding of participants, personnel and outcome assessorsAssessments should be made for each main outcome (or class of outcomes). 

Describe all measures used, if any, to blind study participants and personnel from knowledge of which intervention a participant received. Provide any information relating to whether the intended blinding was effective.

Was knowledge of the allocated intervention adequately prevented during the study?

Incomplete outcome dataAssessments should be made for each main outcome (or class of outcomes). 

Describe the completeness of outcome data for each main outcome, including attrition and exclusions from the analysis. State whether attrition and exclusions were reported, the numbers in each intervention group (compared with total randomised participants), reasons for attrition/exclusions where reported, and any re‐inclusions in analyses performed by the review authors.

Were incomplete outcome data adequately addressed?

Selective outcome reporting.

State how the possibility of selective outcome reporting was examined by the review authors, and what was found.

Are reports of the study free of suggestion of selective outcome reporting?

Other sources of bias.

State any important concerns about bias not addressed in the other domains in the tool.

If particular questions/entries were pre‐specified in the review’s protocol, responses should be provided for each question/entry.

Was the study apparently free of other problems that could put it at a high risk of bias?

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias
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Table 2. Risk of bias within a study and across studies

Risk of bias

Interpretation

Within a study

Across studies

Low risk of bias.

Plausible bias unlikely to seriously alter the results.

Low risk of bias for all key domains.

Most information is from studies at low risk of bias.

Unclear risk of bias.

Plausible bias that raises some doubt about the results.

Unclear risk of bias for one or more key domains.

Most information is from studies at low or unclear risk of bias.

High risk of bias.

Plausible bias that seriously weakens confidence in the results.

High risk of bias for one or more key domains.

The proportion of information from studies at high risk of bias is sufficient to affect the interpretation of results.

Figuras y tablas -
Table 2. Risk of bias within a study and across studies
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Table 3. Levels of quality of a body of evidence in the GRADE approach for RCT

Underlying methodology

Quality rating

Randomised trials

High

Downgraded randomised trials

Moderate

Double‐downgraded randomised trials

Low

Triple‐downgraded randomised trials

Very low
Figuras y tablas -
Table 3. Levels of quality of a body of evidence in the GRADE approach for RCT
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Table 4. Characteristics of participants from each study

Study

Mean age (SD)

Female (%)

year of education (SD)

Duration of disease, yr (SD)

ApoE (% >/=1allele)

MMSE (SD)

Hypertension (%)

Bentham 2008

(Aspirin, N=156)

75

63

N/A

N/A

N/A

19

19

Zhou 2004a

(Aspirin, N=13)

71.1 (10.6)

57.14

N/A

2.65 (3.15)

N/A

14.65 (5.93)

N/A

Zhou 2004

(Aspirin, N=8)

69.5 (9.8)

37.50

N/A

N/A

N/A

14.5 (6.8)

N/A

Aisen 2000

(Prednisone, N=69)

73.4 (7.2)

49.3

14.1 (3)

3.5 (2.4)

65.6

21.2 (4.4)

N/A

Aisen 2002

(Nimesulide, N=21)

73(2)

38.09

13.1 (11.2)

2 (0.5)

N/A

21.1 (1.1)

N/A

Aisen 2003

(Naproxen, N=118)

74.1 (7.8)

48.3

13.8 (3.2)

4.1 (2.3)

70.4

20.7 (3.6)

N/A

Aisen 2003

(Rofecoxib, N=122)

73.7 (7.2)

54.9

13.8 (3.2)

4.1 (2.3)

68.1

21.2 (3.8)

N/A

de Jong 2008 (Indomethacin, N=26)

72.7 (6.9)

53.85

2.4 (1.3)

2.74 (1.75)

50

19.1 (4.1)

N/A

Pasqualetti 2009 (Ibuprofen, N=66)

73.7 (7.3)

61

7.4 (3.7)

2 (0.5‐5.41)

20.4

19.7 (3.0)

N/A

Rogers 1993

(Indoethacin, N=14)

78 (2)

35.71

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Hull 1999

(Piroxicam, N=6)

range of 55‐75

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Scharf 1999

(Diclofenac, N=12)

71.8 (2.3)

66.67

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

18.5 (0.99)

Jhee 2004 (Celecoxib, N=15)

71.17

26.67

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Reines 2004

(Rofecoxib, N=346)

76 (8)

54

N/A

2.17 (1.83)

N/A

N/A

21 (4)

Soininen 2007 (Celecoxib, N=285)

73.7 (8.2)

53

N/A

1.37 (1.7)

N/A

19.8 (4.2)

31.9
Figuras y tablas -
Table 4. Characteristics of participants from each study
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 1. Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Bleeding Show forest plot

1

310

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.90 [2.43, 25.69]

2 Death Show forest plot

1

310

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.70, 1.46]

3 Institutionaliation Show forest plot

1

310

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.50, 1.74]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Aspirin vs. aspirin avoidance
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 2. Steroids vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 ADAScog Show forest plot

1

138

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.90 [‐0.48, 4.28]

2 Confusion Show forest plot

1

138

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.33 [0.88, 2.01]

3 hyperglycemia Show forest plot

1

138

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.0 [1.14, 21.99]

4 Abnormal lab results Show forest plot

1

138

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.55 [1.38, 4.70]

5 Face edema Show forest plot

1

138

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.87 [1.10, 3.17]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Steroids vs. placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 3. NSAIDs vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Cognition:ADAScog all studies Show forest plot

9

1745

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.41 [‐3.13, 0.32]

1.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

6

411

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐3.81 [‐7.94, 0.33]

1.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

4

1334

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.30 [‐0.99, 1.60]

2 Cognition:MMSE all Show forest plot

6

1268

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.08 [‐2.21, 0.04]

2.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

4

234

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐3.22 [‐6.58, 0.14]

2.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

1034

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.34 [‐0.07, 0.76]

3 CIBIC+ Show forest plot

3

1099

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.04 [‐0.09, 0.16]

3.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

1

38

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.58, 0.38]

3.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

1061

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐0.08, 0.18]

4 CDR sum score Show forest plot

3

1124

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.25, 0.30]

4.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

1

229

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.50, 0.70]

4.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

3

895

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.30, 0.32]

5 NPI Show forest plot

3

632

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.81 [0.14, 1.49]

5.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

3

399

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.14, 1.54]

5.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

233

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.40 [‐2.54, 3.34]

6 Mood/depression Show forest plot

1

40

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.34 [‐0.96, 0.29]

6.1 selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs placebo

1

40

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.34 [‐0.96, 0.29]

7 Clinical global impression: GDS Show forest plot

1

31

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.43 [‐1.15, 0.29]

7.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

1

31

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.43 [‐1.15, 0.29]

8 Clinical global impression: CGIC and NOSGER 6 months Show forest plot

2

441

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.07 [‐0.49, 0.35]

8.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

1

31

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.44 [‐1.16, 0.27]

8.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

410

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐0.16, 0.26]

9 Behavioral disturbance Show forest plot

3

479

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.09 [‐0.29, 0.46]

9.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

2

69

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.03 [‐0.89, 0.82]

9.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

410

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.16 [‐0.04, 0.37]

10 Activity of daily living Show forest plot

7

1737

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.22 [‐0.48, 0.04]

10.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

4

375

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.48 [‐0.97, 0.01]

10.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

4

1362

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.03 [‐0.22, 0.17]

11 Quality of life Show forest plot

2

382

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.08 [‐0.14, 0.29]

11.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

2

205

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.07 [‐0.22, 0.36]

11.2 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

177

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.09 [‐0.23, 0.41]

12 Caregiver burden Show forest plot

3

201

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.35 [‐0.63, ‐0.07]

12.1 traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

3

201

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.35 [‐0.63, ‐0.07]

13 Gastrointestinal side effects Show forest plot

9

1675

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.94 [1.36, 2.77]

14 Elevated creatinine Show forest plot

2

92

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.30 [0.54, 34.30]

15 Elevated liver function test Show forest plot

3

132

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.27 [0.97, 18.76]

16 Headache Show forest plot

4

577

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.08 [0.34, 3.44]

17 Psychiatric side effects Show forest plot

4

586

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.11 [0.67, 1.86]

18 Bleeding Show forest plot

1

425

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.45 [0.18, 66.35]

19 Heart disease Show forest plot

2

776

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.58 [1.48, 38.90]

20 Cerebrovascular side effects Show forest plot

4

1555

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.05 [0.54, 2.02]

21 Hypertension Show forest plot

2

402

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.41 [1.36, 21.60]

22 Hyperglycemia Show forest plot

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.92 [0.19, 19.90]

23 Rash Show forest plot

2

61

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.47 [1.00, 12.04]

24 Respiratory side effects Show forest plot

1

461

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.73 [0.61, 12.17]

25 Dry mouth Show forest plot

1

351

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.24 [0.40, 26.00]

26 Fatigue Show forest plot

1

351

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.31 [1.06, 5.04]

27 Dizziness Show forest plot

3

423

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.40 [1.10, 5.25]

28 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT Show forest plot

2

466

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.34 [0.21, 8.69]

29 Withdrawal due to side effects Show forest plot

3

1083

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.22 [0.89, 1.65]

30 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia Show forest plot

8

994

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.76 [0.97, 3.22]

31 Constipation or diarrhea Show forest plot

3

527

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.03 [0.84, 4.88]

32 Nausea or vomiting Show forest plot

3

112

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.69 [0.39, 7.38]

33 Death Show forest plot

9

1711

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [0.85, 3.31]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. NSAIDs vs. placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 4. Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Nausea or vomiting Show forest plot

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.81 [0.24, 95.58]

1.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.81 [0.24, 95.58]

2 Gastrointestinal side effects Show forest plot

5

320

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.68, 3.00]

2.1 traditional NSAIDs

5

320

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.68, 3.00]

3 Elevated creatinine Show forest plot

2

92

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.30 [0.54, 34.30]

3.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

92

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.30 [0.54, 34.30]

4 Elevated liver function test Show forest plot

2

92

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.04 [0.48, 33.98]

4.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

92

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.04 [0.48, 33.98]

5 Hypertension Show forest plot

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.36 [0.84, 13.34]

5.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.36 [0.84, 13.34]

6 Headache Show forest plot

2

95

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.60 [0.10, 3.62]

6.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

95

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.60 [0.10, 3.62]

7 Psychiatric side effects Show forest plot

2

85

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.13 [0.02, 1.07]

7.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

85

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.13 [0.02, 1.07]

8 Heart disease Show forest plot

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.16 [0.01, 3.86]

8.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.16 [0.01, 3.86]

9 Cerebrovascular side effects Show forest plot

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.51 [0.43, 14.63]

9.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.51 [0.43, 14.63]

10 Hyperglycemia Show forest plot

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.92 [0.19, 19.90]

10.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.92 [0.19, 19.90]

11 Dry mouth Show forest plot

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.85 [0.35, 23.09]

11.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.85 [0.35, 23.09]

12 Fatigue Show forest plot

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.15 [0.51, 2.62]

12.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.15 [0.51, 2.62]

13 Dizziness Show forest plot

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [0.64, 3.69]

13.1 traditional NSAIDs

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [0.64, 3.69]

14 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT Show forest plot

1

41

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.16 [0.09, 50.04]

14.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

41

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.16 [0.09, 50.04]

15 Death Show forest plot

5

320

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.72 [0.18, 2.87]

15.1 traditional NSAIDs

5

320

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.72 [0.18, 2.87]

16 Withdrawal due to side effects Show forest plot

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.50 [0.30, 0.84]

16.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

174

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.50 [0.30, 0.84]

17 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia Show forest plot

5

320

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.49 [0.61, 3.68]

17.1 traditional NSAIDs

5

320

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.49 [0.61, 3.68]

18 Constipation or diarrhea Show forest plot

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.12, 3.52]

18.1 traditional NSAIDs

1

51

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.12, 3.52]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Traditional NSAIDs vs. placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 5. Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Gastrointestinal side effects Show forest plot

5

1355

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.03 [1.37, 3.03]

1.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

5

1355

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.03 [1.37, 3.03]

2 Hypertension Show forest plot

1

177

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.65 [0.51, 146.03]

2.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

177

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.65 [0.51, 146.03]

3 Heart disease Show forest plot

2

602

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.52 [1.47, 38.41]

3.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

602

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.52 [1.47, 38.41]

4 Rash Show forest plot

2

61

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.47 [1.00, 12.04]

4.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

61

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.47 [1.00, 12.04]

5 Headache Show forest plot

2

482

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.76 [0.35, 8.81]

5.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

482

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.76 [0.35, 8.81]

6 Psychiatric side effects Show forest plot

2

501

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [0.87, 2.69]

6.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

501

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [0.87, 2.69]

7 Bleeding Show forest plot

1

425

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.45 [0.18, 66.35]

7.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

425

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.45 [0.18, 66.35]

8 Cerebrovascular side effects Show forest plot

3

1330

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.40, 1.64]

8.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

3

1330

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.40, 1.64]

9 Respiratory side effects Show forest plot

1

461

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.73 [0.61, 12.17]

9.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

461

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.73 [0.61, 12.17]

10 Dry mouth Show forest plot

1

177

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.37 [0.06, 33.01]

10.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

177

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.37 [0.06, 33.01]

11 Fatigue Show forest plot

1

177

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.51, 2.61]

11.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

177

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.51, 2.61]

12 Dizziness Show forest plot

2

198

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.26 [0.53, 3.01]

12.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

198

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.26 [0.53, 3.01]

13 Abnormal labs other than Cr. and LFT Show forest plot

1

425

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.09, 10.74]

13.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

1

425

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.09, 10.74]

14 Death Show forest plot

5

1391

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.88 [0.87, 4.03]

14.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

5

1391

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.88 [0.87, 4.03]

15 Withdrawal due to side effects Show forest plot

4

1370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.71, 1.31]

15.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

4

1370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.71, 1.31]

16 Abdominal pain or dyspepsia Show forest plot

4

663

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [0.79, 3.55]

16.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

4

663

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [0.79, 3.55]

17 Constipation or diarrhea Show forest plot

2

476

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.16 [1.04, 9.66]

17.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

476

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.16 [1.04, 9.66]

18 Nausea or vomiting Show forest plot

2

61

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.16, 6.29]

18.1 Selective COX‐2 inhibitor

2

61

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.16, 6.29]

19 Abnormal liver function test Show forest plot

1

40

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.52 [0.58, 35.33]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. Selective COX‐2 inhibitor vs. placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión