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Nonpharmacological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and post‐operative pain in neonates and infants.

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Abstract

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

  1. To assess the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions for the management of needle‐related procedural and postoperative pain and distress in neonates, infants and children up to three years of age.

  2. To formulate an evidence base regarding the role of nonpharmacological strategies/techniques enacted in conjunction with pharmacological treatments.