Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Prophylactic corticosteroids for pediatric open heart surgery

Esta versión no es la más reciente

Referencias

Additional references

Alderson 2004

Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT. Cochrane Reviewers Handbook, 4.2.2. Updated March 2004. Vol. Issue 1, Chichester, UK: Wiley & Sons, 2004.

Casey 1993

Casey LC. Roles of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary‐induced multisystem organ failure. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:S92‐S96.

Clapp 1998

Clapp SK. Postoperative inflammatory syndromes. In: Garson A, Bricker JT, Fisher DJ, Neish SR editor(s). The science and practice of pediatric cardiology. 2nd Edition. Williams and Wilkins, 1998:1817‐21.

Drusin 1965

Drusin LM, Engle MA, Hagstrom WC, Schwartz MS. The postpericardiotomy syndrome: a six‐year epidemiologic study. N Engl J Med 1965;272:597‐602.

Duval 1998

Duval E, Kavelaars A, Veenhuizen L, van Vught AJ, van de Wal HJ, Heijnen CJ. Pro and anti‐inflammatory cytokine patterns during and after cardiac surgery in young children. Eur J Perdiatr 1998;158:387‐93.

Egger 1997

Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta‐analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629‐34.

ElBarbary 2002

ElBarbary M, Khabar KS. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 predicts cytokinemia and systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass. Critical Care Medicine 2002;30(8):1712‐6.

Friedrich 2003

Friedrich B, Schmidt R, Reiss I, Gunther A, Seeger W, Muller M, et al. Changes in biochemical and biophysical surfactant properties with cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Crit Care Med 2003;31(1):284‐90.

Johnson 1999

Johnson MR. Low systemic vascular resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass: Are we any closer to understanding the enigma?. Crit Care Med 1999;27(6):1048‐1050.

Kaplan 2004

Kaplan L. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2227 [accessed 16/11/2004].

Kimmel 1991

Kimmel SC, van de Stouwe MJ, Levin RI, Weissmann G, Cronstein BN. A final common pathway for anti‐inflammatory agents: Inhibition of leukocyte‐endothelial interactions. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1991;104:113‐24.

Lequier 2000

Lequier LL, Nikaidoh H, Leonard SR, Bokovoy JL, White ML, Scannon PJ, Giroir BP. Preoperative and postoperative endotoxemia in children with congenital heart disease. Chest 2000;117:1706‐12.

Maharaj 2004

Maharaj C, Laffey JG. New strategies to control the inflammatory response in cardiac surgery. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 2004;17(1):35‐48.

Mayumi 1997

Mayumi H, Zhang QW, Nakashima A, Masuda M, Kohno H, Kawachi Y, et al. Synergistic immunosuppression caused by high dose methylprednisolone and cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:129‐37.

Morton 1976

Morton JR, Hiebert CA, Lutes CA, White RL. The effect of methylprednisolone on myocardial preservation during coronary artery surgery. Am J Surg 1976;131:419‐22.

Niazi 1979

Niazi Z, Flodin P, Joyce L, Smith J, Mauer H, Lillehei RC. Effects of glucocorticoids in patients undergoing coronary surgery. Chest 1979;76:262‐68.

RevMan [Computer program]

Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 4.2 for Windows. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. 2003..

Schroeder 2003

Schroeder VA, Pearl JM, Schwartz SM, Shanley TP, Manning PB, Nelson DP. Combined steroid treatment for congenital heart surgery improves oxygen delivery and reduces postbypass inflammatory mediator expression. Circulation 2003;107:2823‐2828.

Seghaye 1993

Seghaye MC, Engelhardt W, Grabitz RG, Faymonville ME, Hornchen H, Messmer BJ, et al. Multiple system organ failure after open heart surgery in infants and children. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;41(1):49‐53.

Tarnok 2001

Tarnok A, Schneider P. Pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: pathways contributing to transient systemic immune suppression. Shock 2001;16(Suppl 1):24‐32.

Wakabayashi 1999

Wakabayashi G, Shimazu M, Tanabe M, Ueda M, Hoshino K, Morikawa Y, et al. Recent clinical trials for sepsis:analysis of the results and future perceptives. Journal of Japan Surgical Society 1999;100(10):674‐8.
Table 1. Data Extraction Form

Questions

Answers

AUTHORS

PUBLICATION ID

YEAR OF PUBLICATION

LANGUAGE

TYPE OF STUDY

COMMENTS ON STUDY DESIGN
Allocation was concealed and drawn consecutively
Disclosure of allocation was possible
Allocation concealment was not stated or was unclear
Allocation was not concealed (e.g quasi ‐randomisation)

Inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly defined in the text?
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were not clearly defined in the text?

Outcomes of patients who withdrew or were excluded after allocation
were either detailed seperately or included in an intention to treat analysis
or the text stated that there were no withdrawals.

Outcome of patients who withdrew or were excluded after allocation were
NEITHER detailed seperately nor included in an intention to treat analysis

Treatment and control groups were adequately described at entry (a minimum of 4 admission details were described (age, sex, weight, allergies)

Treatment and control groups were NOT adequately described at entry

The text stated that the care programmes other than the trial options were identical
The text stated that the care programmes other than the trial options were NOT identical

Outcome measures were clearly defined in the text
Outcome measures were NOT clearly defined in the text

Outcome assessors were blind to the allocation of patients
Outcome assessors were NOT blind to the allocation of patients

The timing of outcome measures was appropriate
The timing of outcome measures was NOT appropriate

Yes No Unclear
Yes No Unclear

METHODS:
Physician‐ blinded
Outcome assessor blinded

Yes No Unclear
Yes No Unclear

PARTICIPANTS:
Number of eligible participants
Number enrolled in study
Number Males : Females
Age range
Type of surgery

Were groups similar at entry

Yes No Unclear

INTERVENTION
Steroid type
Dose
Withdrawals : total number
Drop outs: total number
Included in analysis:

Yes No Unclear
Yes No Unclear

Yes No Unclear

COMMENT ON TREATMENT

OUTCOMES: (mean values for continuous data)

Reported treatment group SD
Reported control group SD
Mortality %
Duration of ventilation (hours:mins)
Need for renal dysfunction %
Length of Stay ICU (days)
Capillary Leak %
Temperature %
Inotrope therapy (> 3 agents ) %

Authors contacted regarding unreported outcome data
Date contacted
Response received

Yes No Unclear

COMMENTS ON OUTCOMES

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Data Extraction Form