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Penggunaan phenobarbital antenatal untuk mengurangkan jaundis neonatal selepas pengisoimunan sel darah merah

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Abstract

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Background

Neonates from isoimmunized pregnancies have increased morbidity from neonatal jaundice. The increased bilirubin from haemolysis often needs phototherapy, exchange transfusion or both after birth. Various trials in pregnant women who were not isoimmunized but had other risk factors for neonatal jaundice have shown a reduction in need for phototherapy and exchange transfusion by the use of antenatal phenobarbital. A recent retrospective case‐controlled study showed reduction in the need for exchange transfusion for the neonates from isoimmunized pregnancies.

Objectives

To assess the effects of antenatal phenobarbital in red cell isoimmunized pregnancies in reducing the incidence of phototherapy and exchange transfusion for the neonate.

Search methods

We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (June 2009).

Selection criteria

Randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials of pregnant women established to have red cell isoimmunization in the current pregnancy during their antenatal testing and given phenobarbital alone or in combination with other drugs before birth.

Data collection and analysis

All three review authors independently assessed study eligibility and quality.

Main results

No trials met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Authors' conclusions

The use of antenatal phenobarbital to reduce neonatal jaundice in red cell isoimmunized pregnant women has not been evaluated in randomised controlled trials.

PICOs

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

The PICO model is widely used and taught in evidence-based health care as a strategy for formulating questions and search strategies and for characterizing clinical studies or meta-analyses. PICO stands for four different potential components of a clinical question: Patient, Population or Problem; Intervention; Comparison; Outcome.

See more on using PICO in the Cochrane Handbook.

Ringkasan bahasa mudah

Penggunaan phenobarbital antenatal untuk mengurangkan jaundis neonatal selepas pengisoimunan sel darah merah

Terdapat kekurangan bukti tentang penggunaan phenobarbital antenatal untuk mengurangkan jaundis dalam kalangan bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang darahnya tidak serasi dengan bayi.

Darah ibu dan bayi secara normal tidak bercampur semasa hamil. Walau bagaimanapun, kadangkala boleh berlaku kebocoran dari bayi kepada ibunya, dan ini lebih kerap terjadi semasa pelahiran dan bersalin berbanding semasa hamil. Apabila sel darah merah bayi dan ibunya tidak serasi, dan jika kebocoran adalah besar, sel‐sel bayi akan merangsang penghasilan antibodi dalam ibu, lalu ibu menjadi peka(pengisoimunan). Dalam kehamilan berikutnya, jika darah bayi dan ibu sekali lagi tidak serasi, sel darah merah bayi boleh termusnah apabila antibodi ibu merentas plasenta dan menyerang sel darah bayi. Hati bayi akan bermasalah untuk bertahan dengan hasil sampingan (bilirubin) pemusnahan sel darah merah, menyebabkan anemia dan jaundis. Oleh kerana phenobarbital memperbaiki fungsi hati, pemberiannya kepada ibu sebelum bersalin mungkin mengurangkan jumlah bilirubin dalam bayi lantas mengurangkan jaundis. Ini mengurangkan keperluan fototerapi dan keperluan transfusi darah untuk bayi. Ubat ini mempunyai kesan sampingan yang perlu dinilai. Ulasan kajian mendapati tiada kajian rawak terkawal phenobarbital antenatal dalam ibu yang mengalami pengisoimunan.