Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children

Débora A Lentini‐Oliveira; Fernando R Carvalho; Clarissa Garcia Rodrigues; Qingsong Ye; Rongdang Hu; Hideko Minami‐Sugaya; Luciane BC Carvalho; Lucila BF Prado; Gilmar F Prado

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005515.pub3

Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children

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Referencias

References to studies included in this review

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estudios excluidos
estudios a la espera de valoración
otras referencias

Almeida RR. A prospective study of the treatment effects of a removable appliance with palatal crib combined with high‐pull chincup therapy in anterior open bite patients [Estudo cefalométrico prospectivo do tratamento da mordida aberta anterior utilizando aparelho removível com grade palatina, associada à mentoneira]. [Dissertation]. Brazil: University of Sao Paulo2005.

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References to studies excluded from this review

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estudios incluidos
estudios a la espera de valoración
otras referencias

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otras referencias

Doshi U H, Bhad‐Patil WA. Early management of skeletal open bite with spring‐loaded and magnetic bite blocks. World Journal of Orthondontics 2010;11(2):107‐16.

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estudios a la espera de valoración

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Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]

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estudios excluidos

Almeida 2005

Methods	Allocation concealment ‐ no; blinding of outcome measurements ‐ no; completeness of follow up ‐ yes.
Participants	60 children (43 girls and 17 boys), aged 7‐10 years old, with Angle Class I anterior open bite > 1 mm, and no tooth agenesis, lost permanent teeth, crowding, maxillary constriction or posterior crossbites.
Interventions	2 groups: intervention group with 30 children (20 girls, 10 boys) with removable appliance with palatal crib, 14‐16 hours/day, associated with high‐pull chincup used at night; versus 30 patients not treated (23 girls, 7 boys); duration: 12 months.
Outcomes	Cephalometric variables of evaluation of skeletal, dento‐alveolar and tegumentar alterations.
Notes	Randomisation process provided following correspondence.
*Risk of bias*
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	C ‐ Inadequate

Erbay 1995

Methods	Allocation concealment ‐ not described; blindness of outcome measurements ‐ not described; completeness of follow up ‐ yes.
Participants	40 children with Angle Class I skeletal anterior open bite, in the mixed dentition stage and not permanent teeth extracted over the study period.
Interventions	2 groups: 20 Frankel's function regulator‐4, 18 hours/day and lip‐seal training with plastic versus 20 no treatment; duration: 2 years.
Outcomes	30 cephalometric variables of sagittal and vertical effects.
Notes	Randomisation process not described.
*Risk of bias*
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear

Kiliaridis 1990

Methods	Allocation concealment ‐ not described; because of side effects, there was change of experimental design in the magnet group and the results were not statistically analysed.
Participants	20 children with skeletal anterior open bite, aged 9‐16 years old, without sucking habits recorded within recent years.
Interventions	2 groups: 10 bite‐blocks versus 10 repelling‐magnet splints; 18 hours/daily; duration: 6 months.
Outcomes	Dental casts, intraoral photographs and lateral cephalograms were taken before and after treatment and used to assess dental and skeletal changes.
Notes	Randomisation process not described.
*Risk of bias*
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

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estudios incluidos

Study	Reason for exclusion
Bennett 1999	Age not registered
Cassis 2009	Retrospective
Cassis 2010	Restrospective
Cozza 2007b	Not an RCT
Ferreira 2008	Retrospective
Giuntini 2008	Not an RCT
Hu 2003	Not an RCT
Hu 2004	Not an RCT
Hu 2009	Not an RCT
Kuster 1992	Not an RCT
Li 2002	Not an RCT
Liu 2007	Not an RCT
Moore 1989	Includion criteria: not open bite
Sharma 2009	Not open bite
Torres 2008	Retrospective
Wang 2003	Not an RCT
Zou 2003	Not an RCT

RCT = randomised controlled trial

Data and analyses

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Comparison 1. Frankel's function regulator‐4 (FR‐4) and lip‐seal training versus no treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Open bite correction Show forest plot	1	40	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.02 [0.00, 0.38]
Open in figure viewer Analysis 1.1 Comparison 1 Frankel's function regulator‐4 (FR‐4) and lip‐seal training versus no treatment, Outcome 1 Open bite correction.

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Comparison 3. Removable appliances with palatal crib associated with high‐pull chincup versus no treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Open bite correction Show forest plot	1	60	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.11, 0.48]
Open in figure viewer Analysis 3.1 Comparison 3 Removable appliances with palatal crib associated with high‐pull chincup versus no treatment, Outcome 1 Open bite correction.

Figure 1

Characteristics of skeletal anterior open bite
1. Anterior open bite
2. Frankfurt plane
3. Mandibular plane
4. Maxillary plane
5. Gonial angle
6. Lower anterior facial height

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Frankel's function regulator‐4 (FR‐4) and lip‐seal training versus no treatment, Outcome 1 Open bite correction.

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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Removable appliances with palatal crib associated with high‐pull chincup versus no treatment, Outcome 1 Open bite correction.

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Comparison 1. Frankel's function regulator‐4 (FR‐4) and lip‐seal training versus no treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Open bite correction Show forest plot	1	40	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.02 [0.00, 0.38]

Comparison 1. Frankel's function regulator‐4 (FR‐4) and lip‐seal training versus no treatment

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Comparison 3. Removable appliances with palatal crib associated with high‐pull chincup versus no treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Open bite correction Show forest plot	1	60	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.11, 0.48]

Comparison 3. Removable appliances with palatal crib associated with high‐pull chincup versus no treatment

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Referencias

References to studies included in this review

Almeida 2005 {published data only}

Erbay 1995 {published data only}

Kiliaridis 1990 {published data only}

References to studies excluded from this review

Bennett 1999 {published data only}

Cassis 2009 {published data only}

Cassis 2010 {published data only}

Cozza 2007b {published data only}

Ferreira 2008 {published data only}

Giuntini 2008 {published data only}

Hu 2003 {published data only}

Hu 2004 {published data only}

Hu 2009 {published data only}

Kuster 1992 {published data only}

Li 2002 {published data only}

Liu 2007 {published data only}

Moore 1989 {published data only}

Sharma 2009 {published data only}

Torres 2008 {published data only}

Wang 2003 {published data only}

Zou 2003 {published data only}

References to studies awaiting assessment

Doshi 2010 {published data only}

Additional references

Ali 1993

Bell 1971

Cozza 2005

Enlow 1983

Gottlieb 2003

Guilleminault 2004

Harvold 1972

Higgins 2006

Higgins 2011

Juliano 2005

Jureyda 2004

Katz 2005

Kikuchi 2002

Kim 1987

Kim 2000

Linder‐Aronson 1970

Linder‐Aronson 1974

Lopez‐Gavito 1985

Meyers 1988

Mizrahi 1978

Moher 2001

Moss 1971

Nahoum 1977

Nemeth 1974

O'Brien 2004

Planas 1994

Proffit 1983

Ricketts 1968

Sassouni 1969

Shanker 2004

Shintani 1998

Silva Filho 1989

Simões 2003

Smedje 2001

Straub 1960

Subtelny 1964

Suguino 1996

Tasker 2002

Tausche 2004

Warren 2002

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Data and analyses

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