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استفاده از پلاگ (plug) در مهار بی‌اختیاری مدفوع

Appendices

Appendix 1. Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register search terms

The Incontinence Group Specialised Register was searched using the Group's own keyword system. The search terms used were:

(design.rct* or design.cct*)
AND
({INTVENT.MECH.DEVICE.ANAL.TAMPON} OR {INTVENT.MECH.device.pessaries.} OR {INTVENT.MECH.DEVICE.PLUG.} OR {INTVENT.MECH.DEVICE.PLUG.anal.} OR {INTVENT.MECH.DEVICE.VAGINAL.*} OR {INTVENT.MECH.DEVICES.} OR {INTVENT.MECH.devices.pessaries.} OR {INTVENT.MECH.})

(All searches were of the keyword field of Reference Manager 2012).

Date of the most recent search of the register for this review: 26 May 2015.

Appendix 2. Search methods for the first published version of this review

For the first version of this review (Deutekom 2005) the authors performed the following additional searches. All searches were carried out on 26 November 2004. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched: MEDLINE (January 1966 to November 2004); CINAHL (January 1982 to November Week 3 2004); EMBASE (January 1996 to 2004 Week 47); INVERT (Dutch nursing database ‐ Index van de Nederlandstalige Verpleegkundige Tijdschriftliteratuur) (January 1993 to November 2004); and Web of Science (January 1988 to November 2004).
The following search terms were used:
1.tampon*
2.plug*
3.incontinen*
4.stool*
5.faec*
6.fecal incontinence/ [mesh]
7.flatus [mesh] OR anal [mesh]
8.anus OR anal
9.(1 or 2) AND (3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8)
Key: * = truncation symbol.
Additionally all reference lists of identified trials were searched.

We contacted two manufacturers that marketed plugs to ask for details of unpublished or ongoing trials. We did not impose any language or other limitations on the searches.

PRISMA study flow diagram.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

PRISMA study flow diagram.

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 1 General health improved ‐ adults.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 1 General health improved ‐ adults.

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 2 Bodily pain improved ‐ adults.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 2 Bodily pain improved ‐ adults.

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 3 Well being (adults) improved.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 3 Well being (adults) improved.

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 4 Condition‐specific measures of faecal incontinence improved.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 4 Condition‐specific measures of faecal incontinence improved.

Study

Bond 2005

No differences were observed between control and intervention group

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 5 Stool frequency.

Study

Bond 2005

Little or no evidence that the plug led to significant reductions in the overall costs of care

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 6 Costs.

Study

Anal plug period

Control period

Van Winckel 2005

6/12

0/12

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 7 Achievement of pseudo‐continence.

Study

Anal plug period

Control period

Van Winckel 2005

4/16

0/16

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Anal plugs versus no plugs, Outcome 8 Intolerance of intervention.

Study

PU plug

PVA plug

Pfrommer 2000

15/23

14/23

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 One type of anal plug versus another type, Outcome 1 Plug effectiveness: number of people with no soiling.

Study

PU plug

PVA plug

Pfrommer 2000

16/23

10/23

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 One type of anal plug versus another type, Outcome 2 Feeling of security.

Study

PU plug

PVA plug

Pfrommer 2000

7/23

15/23

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 One type of anal plug versus another type, Outcome 3 Loss of plug.

Study

PU plug

PVA plug

Pfrommer 2000

9/23

16/23

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 One type of anal plug versus another type, Outcome 4 Inconvenience.

Study

PU plug

PVA plug

Pfrommer 2000

17/23

8/23

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 One type of anal plug versus another type, Outcome 5 Overall satisfaction.

Comparison 1. Anal plugs versus no plugs

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 General health improved ‐ adults Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Bodily pain improved ‐ adults Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Well being (adults) improved Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 Full of life

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 Very nervous

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.3 Down in the dumps

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.4 Calm and peaceful

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.5 Lot of energy

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.6 Downhearted and low

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.7 Feel worn out

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.8 Happy

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.9 Tired

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Condition‐specific measures of faecal incontinence improved Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Protection

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Rash/skin problems

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 Unpleasant odour

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.4 Staining/smearing

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.5 Bowel movement in undergarments (last two weeks)

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.6 Frequency of unpleasant odours

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.7 Bowel movements in undergarments (on average day)

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.8 Soiled/stained undergarment (on average day)

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.9 Prevents staying away from home

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.10 Must avoid long journeys

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.11 Must always have a toilet nearby

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Stool frequency Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

6 Costs Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

7 Achievement of pseudo‐continence Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

8 Intolerance of intervention Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Anal plugs versus no plugs
Comparison 2. One type of anal plug versus another type

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Plug effectiveness: number of people with no soiling Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

2 Feeling of security Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

3 Loss of plug Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

4 Inconvenience Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

5 Overall satisfaction Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. One type of anal plug versus another type