Bains 2000

231 (I)
385 (C)

PP, 39/200 (I),
4/325 (C) responders only

12 months

No biochemical.
'Buddy' confirmation

19.5% (I)
1% (C)

Not stated.
[OR 19.44, CI 6.5 to 65.22)

Impact rate of 0.17% (i in 588). Stage of change predicted cessation

Hahn 2005

494 (I)
512 (C)

7‐day PP:
36/494 (I)
3/512 (C)

12 months

Urinary cotinine
all claims, + buddy confirmation

PP confirmed: 7.3% (I)
0.6% (C)

P<0.0001

Predictors of quitting.
OR of being confirmed quit 5.3 (CI 2.3 to 12.5) for I over C

Int quit rate stayed stable over time, while C quit rate rose over 12m

Hawk 2006

849 (Q&W)
690 (NRT)
230 (both)
524 (survey)

7‐day PP:
% only, from followed‐up sample

4‐7 months (median 5.5)

self‐report

29% (/204)
26% (/179)
27% (/143)
ITT:
18% (/326)
16% (/300)
17% (/224)

non significant

Predictors of quitting.
Characteristics of participants by group.

Lando 1991a

200 (QFG)
200 (Q&W)
170 (C)

PP:
QFG 20/197
Q&W 17/191
Control 17/157

7 months
[in practice 3‐4 months]

self‐report, no biochemical validation

PP:
QFG 10.2%
Q&W 8.9%
Control 10.8%
ITT:
QFG 10.0%
Q&W 8.5%
Control 10.0%

non significant

Rates for those who received materials were:
QFG: 5.3%
Q&W 6.0%
Cont: 5.4%

McAlister 2000

176 (I)
202 (C)

PP: 26/102 (I)
2/85 (C)
ITT:
26/176 (I)
2/202 (C)

12 months

Self‐report.
Only potential winners tested (expired CO)

PP: 26% (I)
2% (C)
ITT: 14% (I)
1% (C)

PP: P<0.01
ITT: P<0.01