Diferentes cepillos de dientes eléctricos para el control de la placa y la salud gingival
Referencias
Referencias de los estudios incluidos en esta revisión
Referencias de los estudios excluidos de esta revisión
Referencias adicionales
Characteristics of studies
Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]
Ir a:
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, cross‐over, single blind, n = 21 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | Brazil, children (aged 12 years to 18 years), orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances for > 1 year, > 20 teeth | |
| Interventions | Ultrasonic Ultima Toothbrush versus Braun Oral B 3D | |
| Outcomes | Silness and Loe plaque Index, Loe and Silness gingival index. Assessment at 4 weeks. Examination 3‐5 hours post‐brushing | |
| Notes | Funding unclear Trial had third intervention arm of manual toothbrush | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "participants were randomly divided" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing outcome data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Quote: "blinded trained examiner" |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 90 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | Canada, adults, no appliances, previous powered brush use, > 18 teeth | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B Professional Care 7000 plus standard FlexiSoft brush head versus Braun Oral B Professional Care 7000 plus Prop Polisher versus Sonicare Elite | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index. Assessment at 6 weeks. Full mouth assessment used. No brushing 12‐18 hours prior to examination | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded For purpose of analysis, the 2 multidimensional brushes were combined (Braun Oral B Professional Care 7000 plus standard FlexiSoft brush head versus Braun Oral B Professional Care 7000 plus Prop Polisher) and compared to the Sonicare Elite | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing outcome data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Quote: "The same examiner performed all clinical assessments for all subjects at all time points, but was blinded to product assignment" |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, n = 170 with 4 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, with good general health, brush twice daily, gingivitis level threshold 1.75‐2.3 at entrance to trial | |
| Interventions | Oral B Triumph versus Sonicare | |
| Outcomes | Silness and Loe gingival index. Full mouth assessment. No brushing 12 hours before assessment | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Stratified according to plaque, gingivitis, gender, smoking |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not clear |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | Drop outs reported |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Protected area for blind assessor described |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 116 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, with no previous history with powered toothbrushing, no systemic disease | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B Plaque Remover versus Sonicare | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index and Silness and Loe gingival index. Assessment at 2 months. Full mouth assessment. No brushing overnight prior to examination | |
| Notes | Funding unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Implied though details not explicit, quote "groups were matched according to age, gender, baseline plaque index and baseline gingival index" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Single blind assessment with different examiners for plaque and gingivitis |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, blind, n = 50 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | UK, adults, no previous powered brush use, no periodontal disease, no removable prosthesis | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B D7 versus Philips Jordan HP 735 | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index and Loe and Silness gingival index. Assessment at 6 weeks. Full mouth assessment. Supervised brushing instruction, brushing 3‐4 hours prior to examination | |
| Notes | Funding unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing outcome data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Quote: "Subjects were instructed carefully and repeatedly, not to reveal the identity of their allocated toothbrush to the clinician who recorded the clinical indices" |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, unclear blind, n = 62 with 3 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, dentine hypersensitivity, no systemic or oral disease | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B Plaque Remover versus Sonicare | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index. Assessment at 8 weeks. Full mouth assessment. Supervised brushing instruction, refrain from brushing 1 hour prior to examination Mean and SD data were taken from the graphical format in the paper. Authors were contacted for the original data, no response to date | |
| Notes | Funding unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Probably done due to details of stratification, although not explicit |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | 3/62 excluded. Reasons unlikely to be related to outcomes |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Quote: "examiner‐blind clinical trial" |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, cross‐over, single blind, n = 72 with 10 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, no oral disease, no use of mouthwash | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B D9 versus Sonicare | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index and Silness and Loe gingival index. Assessment at 6 weeks. Full mouth assessment. No brushing from midnight prior to examination | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Unclear risk | 14% drop outs. Non‐device related, although unclear as to original treatment group |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Quote: "examiner‐blind" |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 64 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, 15 teeth with no crown or cervical restorations, no oral disease, plaque and gingivitis level | |
| Interventions | Epident versus Interplak | |
| Outcomes | Turesky plaque index and Silness and Loe gingival index. Assessment at 4 weeks. Full mouth assessment, no brushing morning of examination | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No drop outs for included brushes |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 95 with 15 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults with periodontal disease, no appliances, no medical conditions, no antibiotics or steroid medication | |
| Interventions | Sonicare versus Braun Oral B 3D Excel D17525 | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index and modified Lobene gingival index. Assessment at 12 weeks. Ramjford teeth assessed. Refrain from oral hygiene 2 hours prior to assessment | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "random number assignment sheet generated by a computer" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Study co‐ordinator could foresee assignment |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Unclear risk | 14% drop outs. Reasons not given. Unbalanced drop outs across groups |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Quote: "examiner‐blinded" |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 66 with 12 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, active periodontal disease, no systemic disease | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B D7 versus Sonicare | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index and bleeding on probing. Assessment at 2 months and 6 months. Full mouth assessment. Video on oral hygiene, refrain 8‐12 hours brushing pre‐examination | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | High risk | 18% drop outs. Uneven drop outs across groups |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, blinding unclear, n = 66 | |
| Participants | USA, adults, plaque index ≧ 2.0, gingival index ≧ 1.5, bleeding on probing at 1/3 of sites | |
| Interventions | Hapika power brush versus Interplak Ultra 10 | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein modified Turesky plaque index and Lobene modified gingival index. Assessment at 1 month. Full mouth assessment. No brushing 12‐14 hours prior to assessment | |
| Notes | Funding unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Unclear risk | "Single blind" but not explicit |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, cross‐over, single blind, n = 36 with 3 drop outs | |
| Participants | Belgium, adolescents with fixed appliances | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B 3D versus Philips Jordan HP510 | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein plaque index and Lobene modified gingival index. Assessment at 4 weeks. Full mouth assessment | |
| Notes | Funding unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | 3/36 excluded due to lack of co‐operation. Reasons unlikely to be related to outcomes |
| Blind outcome assessment | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, cross‐over, single blind, n = 36 with 1 drop out | |
| Participants | Belgium, adolescents with fixed appliances | |
| Interventions | Interplak versus Philips versus Rotadent | |
| Outcomes | Quigley and Hein plaque index and Lobene modified gingival index. Assessment at 2 months. Full mouth assessment | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | 1/36 excluded due to lack of compliance with orthodontic treatment. Reasons unlikely to be related to outcomes |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 95 with 8 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, > 15 teeth and 20 sites of gingival bleeding, no appliances or prosthesis, no periodontal disease | |
| Interventions | Crest Spinbrush versus Crest Spinbrush Pro | |
| Outcomes | Loe and Silness gingival index. Assessment at 4 weeks. Full mouth assessment | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computer generated |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Unclear risk | 8% drop outs. Unclear as to original treatment group |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, n = 179 with 14 drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, general good health, > 16 teeth, > 20 sites BOP, entrance level plaque score required | |
| Interventions | Oral B Triumph versus Philips Sonicare | |
| Outcomes | Loe and Silness Ginigval Index. Full mouth scores | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not clear |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not clear |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | Drop outs reported. Not due brush allocation. |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 96 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | USA, adults, no antibiotics, steroidal or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents in previous 2 weeks. No major hard of soft tissue lesions | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B Ultra versus Sonicare versus Rowenta Plaque Dentacontrol Plus | |
| Outcomes | Turesky plaque index for Ramjford teeth, Lobene gingival index and Eastman bleeding index. Assessment at 1 month. Full mouth assessment. No brushing for 10‐16 hours prior to assessment | |
| Notes | Funding unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, parallel, single blind, n = 80 with no drop outs | |
| Participants | Germany, adults, > 20 teeth, no history of powered brush use, no non‐steroidal drug recent history, no appliances or partial dentures | |
| Interventions | Braun Oral B Excel 3D versus Cybersonic | |
| Outcomes | Turesky plaque index, Papillary bleeding index. Assessment at 8 weeks. Full mouth assessment | |
| Notes | Manufacturer funded Trial had third treatment arm of manual toothbrush (n = 40) | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "randomly assigned", stratified by sex and bleeding |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | No missing data |
| Blind outcome assessment | Low risk | Examiner blind |
RCT = randomised controlled trial; SD = standard deviation
Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]
Ir a:
| Study | Reason for exclusion |
| Too short | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Same brush type | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Plaque and gingivitis levels not considered | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Plaque and gingivitis not considered | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Same brush type | |
| Too short | |
| Same brush type | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Plaque and gingivitis levels not considered | |
| Same brush type | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Plaque and gingivitis not considered | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Not RCT | |
| Same brush type | |
| Too short | |
| Previously reported data | |
| Not RCT | |
| Too short | |
| Too short | |
| Too short | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Same brush type | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Plaque and gingivitis levels not considered | |
| Plaque and gingivitis levels not considered | |
| Plaque and gingivitis levels not considered | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Same brush type | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Data published in other source | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Split‐mouth | |
| Too short | |
| Awaiting further information | |
| Too short |
RCT = randomised controlled trial
Data and analyses
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | 130 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.02 [‐0.37, 0.32] |
| Analysis 1.1  Comparison 1: Side to side versus counter oscillation, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months | ||||
| 1.1.1 Turesky | 2 | 130 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.02 [‐0.37, 0.32] |
| 1.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | 130 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.02 [‐0.37, 0.32] |
| Analysis 1.2  Comparison 1: Side to side versus counter oscillation, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months | ||||
| 1.2.1 Loe & Silness | 1 | 64 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.33 [‐0.82, 0.16] |
| 1.2.2 Lobene | 1 | 66 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.28 [‐0.21, 0.76] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 2.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 5 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.24 [0.02, 0.46] | |
| Analysis 2.1  Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months | ||||
| 2.1.1 Turesky | 5 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.24 [0.02, 0.46] | |
| 2.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 6 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.35 [‐0.04, 0.74] | |
| Analysis 2.2  Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months | ||||
| 2.2.1 Loe & Silness | 4 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.51 [0.06, 0.97] | |
| 2.2.2 Papillary Bleeding Index | 1 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.02 [‐0.51, 0.55] | |
| 2.2.3 Lobene | 1 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.12 [‐0.61, 0.37] | |
| 2.3 Plaque > 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 2.3  Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 3: Plaque > 3 months | ||||
| 2.3.1 Turesky | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.4 Gingivitis > 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | 54 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.44 [‐0.98, 0.11] |
| Analysis 2.4  Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 4: Gingivitis > 3 months | ||||
| 2.4.1 Papillary Bleeding Index | 1 | 54 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.44 [‐0.98, 0.11] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 3.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 3.1  Comparison 3: Side to side versus circular, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months | ||||
| 3.1.1 Turesky | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 3.2  Comparison 3: Side to side versus circular, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months | ||||
| 3.2.1 Lobene | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 4.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 4.1  Comparison 4: Rotation oscillation versus circular, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months | ||||
| 4.1.1 Turesky | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 4.2  Comparison 4: Rotation oscillation versus circular, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months | ||||
| 4.2.1 Lobene | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 5.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 3 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 5.1  Comparison 5: Multidimensional versus side to side, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months | ||||
| 5.1.1 Turesky | 3 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 5.2  Comparison 5: Multidimensional versus side to side, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months | ||||
| 5.2.1 Papillary Bleeding Index | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.2.2 Lobene | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 6.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 6.1  Comparison 6: Multidimensional versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months | ||||
| 6.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | 137 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.24 [‐0.10, 0.58] |
| Analysis 6.2  Comparison 6: Multidimensional versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months | ||||
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each domain for each included study
Comparison 1: Side to side versus counter oscillation, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months
Comparison 1: Side to side versus counter oscillation, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months
Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months
Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months
Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 3: Plaque > 3 months
Comparison 2: Side to side versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 4: Gingivitis > 3 months
Comparison 3: Side to side versus circular, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months
Comparison 3: Side to side versus circular, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months
Comparison 4: Rotation oscillation versus circular, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months
Comparison 4: Rotation oscillation versus circular, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months
Comparison 5: Multidimensional versus side to side, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months
Comparison 5: Multidimensional versus side to side, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months
Comparison 6: Multidimensional versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 1: Plaque < 3 months
Comparison 6: Multidimensional versus rotation oscillation, Outcome 2: Gingivitis < 3 months
| Reason for exclusion | Number of trials |
|---|---|
| Too short in length | 8 |
| Split‐mouth design | 11 |
| Outcome measures not plaque and gingivitis levels | 7 |
| Same mode of action of brushes | 7 |
| Not RCT design | 2 |
| Data published in other source | 2 |
| Awaiting further information | 11 |
| RCT = randomised controlled trial | |
| Exclusion criteria | Number of trials |
|---|---|
| Medical history | 7 |
| History of powered toothbrush use | 3 |
| Recent drug history | 7 |
| Orthodontic appliance | 6 |
| Prosthetic appliance | 4 |
| Plaque level | 4 |
| Gingivitis level | 5 |
| Not adult age | 6 |
| Dental disease | 7 |
| Dental staff | 0 |
| Number of teeth | 9 |
| Mode of action | Toothbrushes |
|---|---|
| Side to side | Sonicare brushes (Sonicare c/o Philips Oral Healthcare, 35301 SE Center Street, Snoqualmie, WA 98065; www.sonicare.com/), Epident (EPI Products, Santa Monica CA), Cybersonic (Amden Corporation, Attn: Cybersonic Customer Service, 27285 Las Ramblas Suite 100, Mission Viejo, CA 92691‐8552; www.amdencorp.com/), Haprika Powerbrush (Minimum Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Counter oscillation | Interplak brush (Bausch and Lomb Oral Care, GA; www.bausch.com/en_US/default.aspx) |
| Rotation oscillation | Braun Oral B Plaque Remover, Braun Oral B D7, Braun Oral B Plaque Remover D9 (Braun Oral B Consumer Services, 1 Gillette Park, South Boston, MA; www.oralb.com/), Crest Spin Brush (Procter and Gamble, One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA 45202; www.pg.com/en_US/index.jhtml), Philips Jordan, Philips Jordan HP 510 (c/o Philips Oral Healthcare, 35301 SE Center Street, Snoqualmie, WA 98065; www.sonicare.com/), Philips (c/o Philips Oral Healthcare, 35301 SE Center Street, Snoqualmie, WA 98065; www.sonicare.com/) |
| Circular | Plaque Dentacontrol Plus (Rowenta Werke GmbH, Franz Alban, Stützer, Germany; www.products.rowenta.de/row/index.html), Rotadent (c/o Professional Dental Technologies, Inc PO Box 4160, Batesville AR 72501; www.prodentec.com/company.asp) |
| Ultrasonic | Ultrasonex Ultima Toothbrush (Sonex International Corp, Brewster, New York) |
| Ionic | No included trials investigated this brush type |
| Multidimensional | Braun Oral B 3D Plaque Remover, Braun Oral B Professional Care 7000, Braun Oral B 3D Excel D17525 (Braun Oral B Consumer Services, 1 Gillette Park, South Boston, MA; www.oralb.com/), Crest Spin Brush Pro (Procter and Gamble, One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA 45202; www.pg.com/en_US/index.jhtml) |
| The names and addresses of the manufacturers have changed over the years and those quoted above are correct at the time of the present review. Some of the trials were conducted when another company made the powered toothbrush | |
| Mode of action | Trial | Number of trials |
|---|---|---|
| Side to side | Goyal 2005, Grossman 1995, Hefti 2000, Isaacs 1998, Kocht 1992, Patters 2005, Robinson 1997, Shibly 1997, Yankell 1997, Zimmer 2005 | 10 |
| Counter oscillation | Kocht 1992, Shibly 1997, Trimpaneers 1997 | 3 |
| Rotation oscillation | Grossman 1995, Heasman 1999, Hefti 2000, Isaacs 1998, Robinson 1997, Thienpoint 2001, Trimpaneers 1997, Williams 2002, Yankell 1997 | 9 |
| Circular | Trimpaneers 1997, Yankell 1997 | 2 |
| Ultrasonic | Costa 2007 | 1 |
| Ionic | ||
| Multidimensional | Goyal 2005, Heasman 1999, Patters 2005, Thienpoint 2001, Williams 2002, Zimmer 2005 | 6 |
| Unknown |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | 130 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.02 [‐0.37, 0.32] |
| 1.1.1 Turesky | 2 | 130 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.02 [‐0.37, 0.32] |
| 1.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | 130 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.02 [‐0.37, 0.32] |
| 1.2.1 Loe & Silness | 1 | 64 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.33 [‐0.82, 0.16] |
| 1.2.2 Lobene | 1 | 66 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.28 [‐0.21, 0.76] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 2.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 5 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.24 [0.02, 0.46] | |
| 2.1.1 Turesky | 5 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.24 [0.02, 0.46] | |
| 2.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 6 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.35 [‐0.04, 0.74] | |
| 2.2.1 Loe & Silness | 4 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.51 [0.06, 0.97] | |
| 2.2.2 Papillary Bleeding Index | 1 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.02 [‐0.51, 0.55] | |
| 2.2.3 Lobene | 1 | SMD (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.12 [‐0.61, 0.37] | |
| 2.3 Plaque > 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.3.1 Turesky | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.4 Gingivitis > 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | 54 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.44 [‐0.98, 0.11] |
| 2.4.1 Papillary Bleeding Index | 1 | 54 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.44 [‐0.98, 0.11] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 3.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.1.1 Turesky | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.2.1 Lobene | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 4.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.1.1 Turesky | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.2.1 Lobene | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 5.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 3 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.1.1 Turesky | 3 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.2.1 Papillary Bleeding Index | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.2.2 Lobene | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 6.1 Plaque < 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 6.2 Gingivitis < 3 months Show forest plot | 2 | 137 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.24 [‐0.10, 0.58] |
