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Pelbagai berus gigi berkuasa untuk mengawal plak dan kesihatan gusi.

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Background

Powered brushes were first introduced commercially in the 1960s. A recent systematic review suggested the superiority of certain modes of powered over manual toothbrushing for plaque and gingivitis reduction. That review did not allow for direct comparison between different modes of powered toothbrush.

Objectives

To compare different modes of powered toothbrushing against each other for plaque reduction and the health of the gingivae. Other factors to be assessed were calculus and stain removal, cost, dependability and adverse effects.

Search methods

The following databases were searched: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 26 July 2010); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 3); MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 26 July 2010); EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 26 July 2010); CINAHL via EBSCO (1982 to 26 July 2010). There were no language restrictions.

Selection criteria

Trials were considered for inclusion with the following criteria: random allocation of participants; no compromised manual dexterity; unsupervised powered toothbrushing for at least 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were the plaque and gingivitis scores after powered toothbrush use during trial period.

Data collection and analysis

Data extraction was performed independently and in duplicate. The authors of trials were contacted to provide missing data where possible. The effect measure for each meta‐analysis was the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random‐effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed.

Main results

The review included data from 17 trials with 1369 participants. There is evidence from seven trials of up to three months and at unclear/high risk of bias that rotation oscillation brushes reduce plaque (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 95% 0.02, 0.46) and gingivitis (SMD 0.35; 95% CI ‐0.04, 0.74) more than side to side brushes. Due to the dearth of trials, no other definitive conclusions can be stated regarding the superiority of one mode of powered toothbrush over any other. Only minor and transient side effects were reported. Cost, dependability were not reported.

Authors' conclusions

There is some evidence that rotation oscillation brushes reduce plaque and gingivitis more than side to side brushes in the short term. This difference is small and it's clinical importance is unclear. Further trials of good quality are required to assess the superiority of other modes of action for powered toothbrushes.

PICO

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

El uso y la enseñanza del modelo PICO están muy extendidos en el ámbito de la atención sanitaria basada en la evidencia para formular preguntas y estrategias de búsqueda y para caracterizar estudios o metanálisis clínicos. PICO son las siglas en inglés de cuatro posibles componentes de una pregunta de investigación: paciente, población o problema; intervención; comparación; desenlace (outcome).

Para saber más sobre el uso del modelo PICO, puede consultar el Manual Cochrane.

Pelbagai jenis berus gigi berkuasa untuk mengawal plak dan kesihatan gusi.

Berus gigi berkuasa mula diperkenalkan secara komersial dalam tahun 1960an. Ulasan sistematik Cochrane terbitan terdahulu mencadangkan satu jenis berus gigi berkuasa lebih baik berbanding berus gigi manual untuk pembuangan plak dan pengurangan keradangan gusi. Ulasan tersebut tidak membolehkan perbandingan terus di antara pelbagai jenis berus gigi berkuasa.

Ulasan ini memasukkan data daripada 17 kajian dengan 1369 peserta. Untuk jangkamasa pendek, berus dengan gerakan putaran ayunan mengurangkan lebih plak dan gingivitis berbanding dengan gerakan sisi. Namun perbezaan adalah kecil dan kepentingan klinikal adalah tidak jelas.Oleh kerana kurangnya bilangan kajian dan penggunaan pelbagai berus gigi berkuasa, tiada rumusan yang muktamat dapat dibuat tentang kelebihan satu jenis berus gigi berkuasa keatas yang lain.Hanya kesan sampingan kecil dan sementara sahaja dilaporkan.Kos dan kebolehpercayaan berus gigi tidak dilaporkan dalam kajian‐kajian tersebut.

Lebih banyak kajian bermutu diperlukan untuk mengesahkan jika terdapat jenis berus gigi berkuasa lebih baik untuk mengurangkan plak dan gingivitis.