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Temas

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 1 Time to return to prior function (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 1 Time to return to prior function (days).

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Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 2 Ankle function score (0 to 7: full function).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 2 Ankle function score (0 to 7: full function).

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Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 3 Subjective recovery scores after knee injury (0 to 100: full recovery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 3 Subjective recovery scores after knee injury (0 to 100: full recovery).

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Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 4 Pain scores (0 to 100: worst pain).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 4 Pain scores (0 to 100: worst pain).

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Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 5 Change in knee girth at 4 weeks post medial collateral ligament injury (cm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 5 Change in knee girth at 4 weeks post medial collateral ligament injury (cm).

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Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 6 One legged jump distance (difference between non‐injured and injured side) (cm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT, Outcome 6 One legged jump distance (difference between non‐injured and injured side) (cm).

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 1 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (immediate treatment).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 1 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (immediate treatment).

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 2 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (immediate treatment) by muscle group at 48 hours.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 2 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (immediate treatment) by muscle group at 48 hours.

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 3 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (delayed treatment).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 3 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (delayed treatment).

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 4 'Swelling' (immediate treatment).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 4 'Swelling' (immediate treatment).

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 5 'Swelling' (delayed treatment).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 5 'Swelling' (delayed treatment).

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 6 Muscle strength (immediate treatment): outcome measures defined in text.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 6 Muscle strength (immediate treatment): outcome measures defined in text.

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Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 7 Muscle strength (delayed treatment): outcome measures defined in text.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control, Outcome 7 Muscle strength (delayed treatment): outcome measures defined in text.

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Table 1. Quality assessment system for included studies

Randomisation

Allocation concealment

Completeness of outcome data

Masking

A ‐ Adequate sequence generation recorded using random number tables, computer random number generation, coin toss or shuffling

A ‐ Adequate method of allocation concealment such as central randomisation, serial numbered opaque envelopes, or other method where allocation is convincingly concealed

A ‐ Trials where intention‐to‐treat analysis is possible and losses to follow up are few

A ‐ Double or triple blind

B ‐ Did not specify one of the methods above, but mentions randomisation method

B ‐ Unclear allocation concealment or no mention of any attempt to conceal allocation listed in A

B ‐ Trials which report exclusions at <10%

B ‐ Single blind

C ‐ Other method of allocation that appears unbiased

C ‐ Inadequate allocation concealment such as medical record number or alteration methods

C ‐ No mention of exclusions, exclusions 10% or above or widely differing between arms of the trial

C ‐ No blinding
Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Quality assessment system for included studies
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Comparison 1. Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Time to return to prior function (days) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Ankle function score (0 to 7: full function) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Score after final treatment (day 7)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Change in score (day 7 ‐ initial scores)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Subjective recovery scores after knee injury (0 to 100: full recovery) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 After 10 treatments (2 weeks)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 After 4 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.3 After 6 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Pain scores (0 to 100: worst pain) Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 After third treatment for ankle sprain

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 After five treatments (1 week) for medial collateral injury

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 After 10 treatments (2 weeks) for medial collateral injury

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.4 After 4 weeks (medial collateral injury)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Change in knee girth at 4 weeks post medial collateral ligament injury (cm) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6 One legged jump distance (difference between non‐injured and injured side) (cm) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 At completion of therapy

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 At 4 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Acute ligament injury: HBOT versus sham HBOT
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Comparison 2. Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (immediate treatment) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 24 hours

4

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [‐0.46, 1.13]

1.2 48 hours

4

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.09, 1.67]

1.3 72 hours

4

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.72 [0.06, 1.37]

1.4 Days 4 to 7

4

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.23, 0.26]

2 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (immediate treatment) by muscle group at 48 hours Show forest plot

4

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.09, 1.67]

2.1 Quadriceps muscles

2

57

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.89 [‐0.04, 1.82]

2.2 Forearm muscles

2

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [‐0.63, 2.34]

3 Pain score (10 = worst pain) after exercise (delayed treatment) Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 24 hours

2

40

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.26 [‐0.66, 1.17]

3.2 48 hours

2

40

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.69 [‐0.25, 1.63]

3.3 72 hours

2

40

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.06, 1.64]

3.4 Days 4 or 7

2

40

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.60, 0.41]

4 'Swelling' (immediate treatment) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 24 hours: upper‐arm circumference (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 24 hours: change (%) in medial gastrocnemius cross sectional area

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 48 hours: upper‐arm circumference (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.4 48 hours: forearm flexor cross‐sectional area (cm2)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.5 72 hours: upper‐arm circumference (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.6 72 hours: change (%) in medial gastrocnemius cross sectional area

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.7 5 days: change (%) in medial gastrocnemius cross sectional area

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.8 6 days: upper‐arm circumference (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.9 7 days: forearm flexor cross‐sectional area (cm2)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 'Swelling' (delayed treatment) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 48 hours: forearm flexor cross‐sectional area (cm2)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 7 days: forearm flexor cross‐sectional area (cm2)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Muscle strength (immediate treatment): outcome measures defined in text Show forest plot

5

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 24 hours

3

47

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.08 [‐0.49, 0.66]

6.2 48 hours

5

104

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.27 [‐0.13, 0.67]

6.3 72 hours

3

47

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.12 [‐0.45, 0.70]

6.4 days 4‐7

5

104

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.08 [‐0.31, 0.48]

6.5 days 10‐15

2

35

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.12 [‐0.54, 0.79]

7 Muscle strength (delayed treatment): outcome measures defined in text Show forest plot

2

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 24 hours

1

13

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.85 [‐2.01, 0.31]

7.2 48 hours

2

40

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.18 [‐0.47, 0.83]

7.3 72 hours

1

13

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.66 [‐1.79, 0.47]

7.4 96 hours

2

40

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.13 [‐0.53, 0.79]

7.5 Day 15

1

13

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.03 [‐1.12, 1.06]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Induced DOMS: HBOT versus control
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