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Study flow diagram: review update.
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Figure 1

Study flow diagram: review update.

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Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
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Figure 2

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 1.2 Weight (grams).
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Figure 3

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 1.2 Weight (grams).

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 1.3 Crown‐heel length (mm).
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Figure 4

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 1.3 Crown‐heel length (mm).

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 1.4 Head circumference (mm).
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Figure 5

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 1.4 Head circumference (mm).

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Forest plot of comparison: 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 2.2 Weight (grams).
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Figure 6

Forest plot of comparison: 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 2.2 Weight (grams).

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Forest plot of comparison: 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 2.3 Crown‐heel length (mm).
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Figure 7

Forest plot of comparison: 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 2.3 Crown‐heel length (mm).

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Forest plot of comparison: 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 2.4 Head circumference (mm).
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Figure 8

Forest plot of comparison: 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, outcome: 2.4 Head circumference (mm).

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Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 1 Growth rates during trial period.
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 1 Growth rates during trial period.

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Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 2 Weight (grams).
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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 2 Weight (grams).

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Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 3 Crown‐heel length (mm).
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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 3 Crown‐heel length (mm).

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Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 4 Head circumference (mm).
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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 4 Head circumference (mm).

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Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 5 Development.
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Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 5 Development.

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Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 6 Bone mineralisation.
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Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 6 Bone mineralisation.

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Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 1 Growth rates during trial period.
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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 1 Growth rates during trial period.

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Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 2 Weight (grams).
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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 2 Weight (grams).

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Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 3 Crown‐heel length (mm).
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Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 3 Crown‐heel length (mm).

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Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 4 Head circumference (mm).
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Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 4 Head circumference (mm).

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Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 5 Development.
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Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Preterm formula versus standard term formula, Outcome 5 Development.

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Summary of findings for the main comparison. Postdischarge formula compared with standard term formula for preterm infants after hospital discharge

Postdischarge formula compared with standard term formula for preterm infants after hospital discharge

Patient or population: preterm infants after hospital discharge
Setting: community
Intervention: postdischarge formula
Comparison: standard term formula

Outcomes

Anticipated absolute effects*

(95% CI)

Number of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula

Weight (grams) 3‐4 months post term

MD 7.45 g lower
(141.84 lower to 126.93 higher)

523
(6 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for moderate inconsistency (I² = 62%)

Weight (grams) 6 months post term

MD 35.54 g higher
(113.71 lower to 184.78 higher)

576
(7 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for inconsistency moderate (I² = 64%).

Crown‐heel length (mm) 3‐4 months post term

MD 2.45 mm higher
(2.01 lower to 6.9 higher)

523
(6 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for high inconsistency (I² = 81%)

Crown‐heel length (mm) 6 months post term

MD 2.12 mm higher
(2.16 lower to 6.41 higher)

576
(7 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for moderate inconsistency (I² = 75%)

Head circumference (mm) 3‐4 months post term

MD 0.3 mm lower
(2.86 lower to 2.26 higher)

523
(6 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for moderate inconsistency (I² = 71%)

Head circumference (mm) 6 months post term

MD 2.28 mm higher
(0.28 lower to 4.83 higher)

576
(7 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for moderate inconsistency (I² = 69%)

Development ‐ Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Mental Development Index

MD 0.9 higher
(3.24 lower to 5.04 higher)

184
(1 RCT)

⊕⊕⊕⊕
High

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Postdischarge formula compared with standard term formula for preterm infants after hospital discharge
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Summary of findings 2. Preterm formula compared with standard term formula for preterm infants after hospital discharge

Preterm formula compared with standard term formula for preterm infants after hospital discharge

Patient or population: preterm infants after hospital discharge
Setting: community
Intervention: preterm formula
Comparison: standard term formula

Outcomes

Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI)

Number of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Preterm formula vs standard term formula

Weight (grams) 3‐4 months post term

MD 74.41 g higher
(267.1 lower to 415.93 higher)

130
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for imprecision

Weight (grams) 6 months post term

MD 74.6 g higher
(164.73 lower to 313.92 higher)

273
(4 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for imprecision

Crown‐heel length (mm) 3‐4 months post term

MD 2.27 mm lower
(13.09 lower to 8.56 higher)

130
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for imprecision

Crown‐heel length (mm) 6 months post term

MD 1.83 mm higher
(6.25 lower to 9.92 higher)

160
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for imprecision

Head circumference (mm) 3‐4 months post term

MD 3.61 mm higher
(2.09 lower to 9.31 higher)

130
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for imprecision

Head circumference (mm) 6 months post term

MD 5.82 mm higher
(1.32 higher to 10.32 higher)

160
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
Moderate

Downgraded for imprecision

Development ‐ Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Mental Development Index

MD 1.44 lower
(6.22 lower to 3.35 higher)

143
(2 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊕
High

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings 2. Preterm formula compared with standard term formula for preterm infants after hospital discharge
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Comparison 1. Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Growth rates during trial period Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Weight gain (g/kg/d)

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐1.37, 1.37]

1.2 Linear growth (mm/wk)

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐1.07, 1.07]

1.3 Head circumference (mm/wk)

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.68, 0.68]

2 Weight (grams) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 3‐4 months post term

6

523

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐7.45 [‐141.84, 126.93]

2.2 6 months post term

7

576

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

35.54 [‐113.71, 184.78]

2.3 9 months post term

4

347

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

244.09 [16.95, 471.23]

2.4 12 months post term

4

314

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐14.87 [‐243.18, 213.43]

2.5 18‐24 months post term

1

192

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

100.0 [‐246.90, 446.90]

3 Crown‐heel length (mm) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 3‐4 months post term

6

523

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.45 [‐2.01, 6.90]

3.2 6 months post term

7

576

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.12 [‐2.16, 6.41]

3.3 9 months post term

4

347

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.33 [1.80, 12.87]

3.4 12 months post term

4

314

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.66 [‐6.43, 5.10]

3.5 18‐24 months post term

1

192

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

9.0 [0.32, 17.68]

4 Head circumference (mm) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 3‐4 months post term

6

523

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.30 [‐2.86, 2.26]

4.2 6 months post term

7

576

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.28 [‐0.28, 4.83]

4.3 9 months post term

4

347

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.16 [‐3.21, 3.53]

4.4 12 months post term

4

314

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.11 [‐1.52, 5.75]

4.5 18‐24 months post term

1

192

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐8.24, 2.24]

5 Development Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Mental Development Index

1

184

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [‐3.24, 5.04]

5.2 Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Psychomotor Development Index

1

184

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.70 [‐1.28, 6.68]

6 Bone mineralisation Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Bone area at 2 months post term (cm2)

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.0 [‐15.46, 29.46]

6.2 Bone mineral content at 2 months post term (grams)

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.20 [‐4.73, 11.13]

6.3 Bone 'speed of sound' assessed on ultrasonography at 6 months post term (mm/s)

1

20

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

45.0 [‐18.48, 108.48]

6.4 Bone specific serum alkaline phosphatase at 6 months post term (units/L)

1

20

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐9.0 [‐42.01, 24.01]

6.5 Bone width at 9 months post term (cm)

1

31

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐0.01, 0.11]

6.6 Bone mineral content at 9 months post term (mg/cm)

1

31

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

20.60 [7.78, 33.42]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Postdischarge formula versus standard term formula
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Comparison 2. Preterm formula versus standard term formula

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Growth rates during trial period Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Weight gain (g/d)

1

42

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.70 [‐0.16, 7.56]

1.2 Linear growth (mm/wk)

1

42

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.09, 1.91]

1.3 Head circumference (mm/wk)

1

42

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐0.04, 1.04]

2 Weight (grams) Show forest plot

5

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 3‐4 months post term

3

130

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

74.41 [‐267.10, 415.93]

2.2 6 months post term

4

273

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

74.60 [‐164.73, 313.92]

2.3 9 months post term

1

59

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

112.0 [‐482.69, 706.69]

2.4 12 months post term

4

265

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

539.48 [255.03, 823.92]

2.5 18 months post term

2

162

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

490.81 [142.19, 839.44]

3 Crown‐heel length (mm) Show forest plot

5

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 3‐4 months post term

3

130

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.27 [‐13.09, 8.56]

3.2 6 months post term

3

160

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.83 [‐6.25, 9.92]

3.3 9 months post term

1

59

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐17.03, 11.03]

3.4 12 months post term

3

152

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.13 [‐4.23, 14.49]

3.5 18 months post term

2

162

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

11.00 [1.89, 20.11]

4 Head circumference (mm) Show forest plot

5

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 3‐4 months post term

3

130

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.61 [‐2.09, 9.31]

4.2 6 months post term

3

160

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.82 [1.32, 10.32]

4.3 9 months post term

1

59

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.0 [0.85, 15.15]

4.4 12 months post term

3

152

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.07 [1.07, 11.06]

4.5 18 months post term

2

162

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.42 [0.69, 10.14]

5 Development Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Mental Development Index

2

143

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.44 [‐6.22, 3.35]

5.2 Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Psychomotor Development Index

2

143

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.13 [‐4.19, 1.93]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Preterm formula versus standard term formula
Ir a la tabla de la revisión