Short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders

Allan A Abbass; Jeffrey T Hancock; Julie Henderson; Steve R Kisely

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004687.pub3

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 1 Reduction in general psychiatric symptoms: short‐term.

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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 2 Reduction in general psychiatric symptoms: medium‐term.

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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 3 Reduction in general psychiatric symptoms: long‐term.

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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 4 Reduction in somatic symptoms: short‐term.

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Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 5 Reduction in somatic symptoms: medium‐term.

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Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 6 Reduction in somatic symptoms: long‐term.

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Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 7 Reduction in anxiety symptoms: short‐term.

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Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 8 Reduction in anxiety symptoms: medium‐term.

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Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 9 Reduction in anxiety symptoms: long‐term.

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Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 10 Reduction in depressive symptoms: short‐term.

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Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 11 Reduction in depressive symptoms: medium‐term.

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Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 12 Reduction in depressive symptoms: long‐term.

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Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 13 Social adjustment: short‐term.

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Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment, Outcome 14 Social adjustment: long‐term.

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Table 1. Properties of studies

Study	Diagnosis	CCDAN rating	Manualised tx?	20 or less sessions
Abbass	Mixed: personality disorders	28	Yes	No
Alstrom, 1984a	Anxiety: social phobia	27.5	No	Yes
Alstrom, 1984b	Anxiety: agoraphobia	27.5	No	Yes
Baldoni, 1995	Somatic/medical: urethral syndrom	17.5	No	Yes
Brom, 1989	Anxiety: post‐traumatic stress disorder	23.5	No	Yes
de Jonghe, 2004	Depression: major depression	31	Yes	Yes
Cooper, 2003	Depression: postpartum depression	28.5	Yes	Yes
Creed, 2003	Somatic/medical: irritable bowel syndrome	36	Yes	Yes
Guthrie, 1993	Somatic/medical: irritable bowel syndrome	32	No	Yes
Guthrie, 1999	Mixed diagnoses: general outpatient referrals	34.5	Yes	Yes
Guthrie, 2001	Mixed diagnoses: self‐poisoning presenting to emergency	35	Yes	Yes
Hamilton, 2000	Somatic/medical: functional dyspepsia	35	Yes	Yes
Linnet, 2001	Somatic/medical: atopic dermatitis	22	No	Yes
Maina, 2005	Mixed: mood and anxiety disorders	28	Yes	Yes
Marmar, 1988	Mixed: major depression, PTSD, adjustment disorders	29	No	Yes
Monsen, 2000	Somatic/medical: pain syndromes	24	No	No
Piper, 1990	Mixed: mood, anxiety, adjustment, axis II	26	Yes	Yes
Shefler, 1995	Mixed: anxiety, depression, adjustment disorders	28	No	Yes
Sjodin, 1986	Somatic/medical: peptic ulcer disease	32	No	Yes
Sloane, 1975	Mixed: "psychoneuroses" and axis II	23	No	Yes
Svedlund, 1983	Somatic/medical: irritable bowel syndrome	31	No	Yes
Wiborg, 1996	Anxiety: panic disorder	32	Yes	Yes
Winston, 1994	Mixed: personality disorders	31	Yes	No

Table 1. Properties of studies

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Table 2. SMDs ‐fixed effects (no. of studies, no. of participants, effect size [95%CIs])

Outcome	Overall	Diagnosis: Mixed	Diagnosis: Anxiety	Diagnosis: Somatic	Diagnosis:Depression	Self‐report only	High CCDAN ratings	Manualised therapies	Up to 20 sessions
General psychiatric symptoms ‐ ST	13, 816, ‐0.42 [‐0.58,‐0.27]	6, 381, ‐0.46 [‐0.67,‐0.26]	1, 46, ‐0.37 [‐0.96, 0.21]	4, 311, ‐0.07 [‐0.35, 0.21]	‐	8, 503, ‐0.46 [‐0.64, ‐0.28]	4, 372, 0.00 [‐0.24, 0.24]	5, 344, ‐0.49 [‐0.71, ‐0.27]	10, 698, ‐0.30 [‐0.47, ‐0.14]
Gen psych sx ‐ MT	2, 101, ‐0.62 [‐1.02,‐0.22]	1, 61, ‐0.50 [‐1.01, 0.01]	‐	1, 40, ‐0.81 [‐1.45, ‐0.16]	‐	2, 101, ‐0.62 [‐1.02, ‐0.22]	‐	‐	1, 61, ‐0.50 [‐1.01, 0.01]
Gen psych sx ‐ LT	5, 445, ‐0.51 [‐0.72,‐0.31]	1, 61, ‐0.60 [‐1.11, ‐0.08]	1, 40, ‐0.91 [‐1.56, ‐0.26]	3, 344, ‐0.44 [‐0.68, ‐0.21]	‐	No change	4, 384, ‐0.50 [‐0.72, ‐0.27]	2, 184, ‐0.23 [‐0.52, 0.06]	No change
Somatic sx ‐ ST	7, 537, ‐0.67 [‐0.85,‐0.48]	‐	1, 46, ‐0.34 [‐0.92, 0.25]	6, 491, ‐0.70 [‐0.90, ‐0.51]	‐	4, 307, ‐0.25 [‐0.48, ‐0.03]	4, 424, ‐0.77 [‐0.98, ‐0.56]	2, 221, ‐0.14 [‐0.41, 0.12]	6, 497, ‐0.65 [‐0.85, ‐0.46]
Somatic sx ‐ MT	2, 72, ‐0.87 [‐1.37,‐0.38]	‐	‐	No change	‐	No change	‐	‐	1, 32, ‐0.94 [‐1.71, ‐0.17]
Somatic sx ‐ LT	4, 381, ‐0.95 [‐1.19, ‐0.70]	‐	‐	No change	‐	No change	3, 349, ‐1.05 [‐1.31, ‐0.78]	1, 149, 0.05 [‐0.27, 0.37]	No change
Anxiety ‐ ST	11, 601, ‐0.46 [‐0.64, ‐0.27]	3, 185, ‐0.52 [‐0.82, ‐0.22]	4, 145, ‐0.90 [‐1.25, ‐0.55]	4, 271, 0.01 [‐0.31, 0.34]	‐	5, 279, ‐0.39 [‐0.62, ‐0.15]	3, 243, ‐0.25 [‐0.62, 0.12]	3, 164, ‐0.83 [‐1.16, ‐0.50]	10, 561, ‐0.44 [‐0.64, ‐0.25]
Anxiety ‐ MT	4, 256, ‐0.96 [‐1.26, ‐0.66]	1, 61, ‐0.36 [‐0.87, 0.15]	1, 21, ‐1.07 [‐2.02, ‐0.12]	2, 174, ‐1.31 [‐1.71, ‐0.91]	‐	3, 235, ‐0.95 [‐1.26, ‐0.63]	‐	‐	3, 216, ‐1.01 [‐1.35, ‐0.68]
Anxiety ‐ LT	5, 333, ‐0.46 [‐0.71, ‐0.21]	1, 61, ‐0.51 [‐1.02, 0.00]	1, 40, ‐0.82 [‐1.47, ‐0.17]	3, 232, ‐0.36 [‐0.67, ‐0.04]	‐	4, 293 ‐0.4‐ [‐0.67, ‐0.13]	3, 240, ‐0.41 [‐0.72, ‐0.10]	1, 40, ‐0.82 [‐1.47, ‐0.17]	No change
Depression ‐ ST	11, 927, ‐0.47 [‐0.61, ‐0.33]	4, 286, ‐0.39 [‐0.62, ‐0.15]	1, 40, ‐0.79 [‐1.44, ‐0.14]	4, 340, ‐0.39 [‐0.63, ‐0.14]	2, 261, ‐0.61 [‐0.86, ‐0.36]	7, 664, ‐0.50 [‐0.66, ‐0.35]	6, 607, ‐0.44 [‐0.62, ‐0.27]	6, 526, ‐0.53 [‐0.71, ‐0.36]	10, 887, ‐0.46 [‐0.60, ‐0.32]
Depression ‐ MT	5, 319, ‐0.32 [‐0.55, ‐0.10]	2, 61, ‐0.29 [‐0.79, 0.22]	‐	2, 72, ‐0.84 [‐1.34, ‐0.35]	2,186, ‐0.16 [‐0.45, 0.13]	No change	1, 95, ‐0.37 [‐0.78, 0.03]	2, 186, ‐0.16 [‐0.45, 0.13]	4, 279, ‐0.30 [‐0.54, ‐0.06]
Depression ‐ LT	6, 422, ‐0.78 [‐0.99, ‐0.57]	1, 61, ‐0.35 [‐0.86, 0.16]	1, 40, ‐0.65 [‐1.29, ‐0.01]	3, 232, ‐1.43 [‐1.75, ‐1.12]	1, 89, 0.04 [‐0.38, 0.46]	5, 382 ‐0.79 [‐1.02, ‐0.57]	3, 240, ‐1.42 [‐1.72, ‐1.11]	2, 129, ‐0.17 [‐0.52, 0.18]	No change
Social adjustment ‐ ST	3, 254, ‐0.51 [‐0.76, ‐0.26]	‐	‐	2, 203, ‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]	‐	1, 51, ‐0.48 [‐1.03, 0.08]	2, 203, ‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]	1, 51, ‐0.48 [‐1.03, 0.08]	2, 203, ‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]
Social adjustment ‐ LT	3, 260, ‐0.45 [‐0.70, ‐0.21]	1, 60, ‐0.53 [‐1.04, ‐0.01]	‐	2, 200, ‐0.43 [‐0.71, ‐0.15]	‐	1, 60, ‐0.53 [‐1.04, ‐0.01]	2, 200, ‐0.43 [‐0.71, ‐0.15]	‐	No change

Table 2. SMDs ‐fixed effects (no. of studies, no. of participants, effect size [95%CIs])

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Table 3. SMDs ‐random effects (no. of studies, no. of participants, effect size [95%CIs])

Outcome	Overall	Diagnosis: Mixed	Diagnosis: Anxiety	Diagnosis: Somatic	Diagnosis:Depression	Self‐report only	High CCDAN ratings	Manualised therapies	Up to 20 sessions
General psychiatric symptoms ‐ ST	13, 816, ‐0.71 [‐1.43, ‐0.00]	6, 381, ‐0.56 [‐0.90, ‐0.21]	1, 46, ‐0.37 [‐0.96, 0.21]	4, 311, ‐0.57 [‐3.03, 1.89]	‐	8, 503, ‐0.52 [‐0.83, ‐0.21]	4, 372, ‐0.42 [‐2.56, 1.71]	5, 344, ‐0.73 [‐1.31, ‐0.14]	10, 698, ‐0.61 [‐1.48, 0.26]
Gen psych sx ‐ MT	2, 101, ‐0.62 [‐1.02, ‐0.22]	1, 61, ‐0.50 [‐1.01, 0.01]	‐	1, 40, ‐0.81 [‐1.45, ‐0.16]	‐	2, 101, ‐0.62 [‐1.02, ‐0.22]	‐	‐	1, 61, ‐0.50 [‐1.01, ‐0.01]
Gen psych sx ‐ LT	5, 445, ‐1.17 [‐2.39, 0.05]	1, 61, ‐0.60 [‐1.11, ‐0.08]	1, 40, ‐0.91 [‐1.56, ‐0.26]	3, 344, ‐1.47 [‐3.51, 0.58]	‐	No change	4, 384, ‐1.32 [‐2.89, 0.25]	2, 184, ‐0.44 [‐1.26, 0.39]	No change
Somatic sx ‐ ST	7, 537, ‐0.86 [‐1.69, ‐0.02]	‐	1, 46, ‐0.34 [‐0.92, 0.25]	6, 491, ‐0.95 [‐1.91, 0.02]	‐	4, 307, ‐0.28 [‐0.55, ‐0.01]	4, 424, ‐1.29 [‐2.59, 0.02]	2, 221, ‐0.14 [‐0.41, 0.12]	6, 497, ‐0.87 [‐1.82, 0.09]
Somatic sx ‐ MT	2, 72, ‐0.87 [‐1.37, ‐0.38]	‐	‐	No change	‐	No change	‐	‐	1, 32, ‐0.94 [‐1.71, ‐0.17]
Somatic sx ‐ LT	4, 381, ‐2.27 [‐4.57, 0.03]	‐	‐	No change	‐	No change	3, 349, ‐2.98 [‐6.06, 0.09]	1, 149, 0.05 [‐0.27, 0.37]	No change
Anxiety ‐ ST	11, 601, ‐0.72 [‐1.70, 0.26]	3, 185, ‐0.76 [‐1.50, ‐0.02]	4, 145, ‐0.90 [‐1.25, ‐0.55]	4, 271, ‐0.37 [‐3.30, 2.55]	‐	5, 279 ‐0.37 [‐0.65, ‐0.10]	3, 243, ‐0.85 [‐5.02, 3.32]	3, 164, ‐1.20 [‐2.07, ‐0.33]	10, 561, ‐0.74 [‐1.82, 0.34]
Anxiety ‐ MT	4, 256, ‐0.96 [‐1.60, ‐0.31]	1, 61, ‐0.36 [‐0.87, 0.15]	1, 21, ‐1.07 [‐2.02, ‐0.12]	2, 174, ‐1.23 [‐2.10, ‐0.35]	‐	3, 235, ‐0.93 [‐1.73, ‐0.12]	‐	‐	3, 216, ‐1.02 [‐1.92, ‐0.13]
Anxiety ‐ LT	5, 333, ‐0.85 [‐2.36, 0.67]	1, 61, ‐0.51 [‐1.02, 0.00]	1, 40, ‐0.82 [‐1.47, ‐0.17]	3, 232, ‐0.97 [‐3.81, 1.86]	‐	4, 293 ‐0.86 [‐2.76, 1.05]	3, 240, ‐1.03 [‐3.75, 1.68]	1, 40, ‐0.82 [‐1.47, ‐0.17]	No change
Depression ‐ ST	11, 927, ‐0.59 [‐1.13, ‐0.05]	4, 186, ‐0.39 [‐0.62, ‐0.15]	1, 40, ‐0.79 [‐1.44, ‐0.14]	4, 340, ‐0.64 [‐2.36, 1.07]	2, 261, ‐0.61[‐0.86, ‐0.36]	7, 664, ‐0.50 [‐0.66, ‐0.35]	6, 607, ‐0.59 [‐1.54, 0.37]	6, 526, ‐0.53 [‐0.71, ‐0.35]	10, 887, ‐0.58 [‐1.16, 0.00]
Depression ‐ MT	5, 319, ‐0.41 [‐0.79, ‐0.03]	1, 61, ‐0.29 [‐0.79, 0.22]	‐	2, 72, ‐0.92 [‐1.79, ‐0.05]	2, 186, ‐0.16 [ ‐0.58, 0.26]	No change	1, 95, ‐0.37 [‐0.78, 0.03]	2, 186, ‐0.16 [‐0.58, 0.26]	4, 279, ‐0.40 [‐0.86, 0.06]
Depression ‐ LT	6, 422, ‐0.98 [‐1.91, ‐0.04]	1, 61, ‐0.35 [‐0.86, 0.16]	1, 40, ‐0.65 [‐1.29, ‐0.01]	3, 232, ‐1.65 [‐3.47, 0.17]	1, 89, 0.04 [‐0.38, 0.46]	5, 382 ‐1.04 [‐2.15, 0.06]	3, 240, ‐1.70 [‐3.42, 0.02]	2, 129, ‐0.26 [‐0.93, 0.41]	No change
Social adjustment ‐ ST	3, 254, ‐0.51 [‐0.76, ‐0.26]	‐	‐	2, 203, ‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]	‐	1, 51, ‐0.48 [‐1.03, 0.08]	2, 203, ‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]	1, 51, ‐0.48 [‐1.03, 0.08]	2, 203, ‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]
Social adjustment ‐ LT	3, 260, ‐0.45 [‐0.70, ‐0.21]	1, 60, ‐0.53 [‐1.04, ‐0.01]	‐	2, 200, ‐0.43 [‐0.73, ‐0.13]	‐	1, 60, ‐0.53 [‐1.04, ‐0.01]	2, 200, ‐0.43 [‐0.73, ‐0.13]	‐	No change

Table 3. SMDs ‐random effects (no. of studies, no. of participants, effect size [95%CIs])

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Comparison 1. STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Reduction in general psychiatric symptoms: short‐term Show forest plot	13	816	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.71 [‐1.43, 0.00]

1.1 anxiety disorders	1	46	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.37 [‐0.96, 0.21]
1.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 somatoform disorders	4	311	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.57 [‐3.03, 1.89]
1.4 mixed disorders	6	381	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.56 [‐0.90, ‐0.21]
1.5 personality disorders	2	78	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.32 [‐1.81, ‐0.82]
2 Reduction in general psychiatric symptoms: medium‐term Show forest plot	2	101	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.62 [‐1.02, ‐0.22]

2.1 anxiety disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.3 somatoform disorders	1	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.81 [‐1.45, ‐0.16]
2.4 mixed disorders	1	61	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.50 [‐1.01, 0.01]
2.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Reduction in general psychiatric symptoms: long‐term Show forest plot	5	445	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.17 [‐2.39, 0.05]

3.1 anxiety disorders	1	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.91 [‐1.56, ‐0.26]
3.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.3 somatoform disorders	3	344	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.47 [‐3.51, 0.58]
3.4 mixed disorders	1	61	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.60 [‐1.11, ‐0.08]
3.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Reduction in somatic symptoms: short‐term Show forest plot	7	537	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.86 [‐1.69, ‐0.02]

4.1 anxiety disorders	1	46	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.34 [‐0.92, 0.25]
4.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.3 somatoform disorders	6	491	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.95 [‐1.91, 0.02]
4.4 mixed disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Reduction in somatic symptoms: medium‐term Show forest plot	2	72	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.87 [‐1.37, ‐0.38]

5.1 anxiety disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.3 somatoform disorders	2	72	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.87 [‐1.37, ‐0.38]
5.4 mixed disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6 Reduction in somatic symptoms: long‐term Show forest plot	4	381	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.27 [‐4.57, 0.03]

6.1 anxiety disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.3 somatoform disorders	4	381	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.27 [‐4.57, 0.03]
6.4 mixed disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 Reduction in anxiety symptoms: short‐term Show forest plot	11	601	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.72 [‐1.70, 0.26]

7.1 anxiety disorders	4	145	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.25, ‐0.55]
7.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.3 somatoform disorders	4	271	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.37 [‐3.30, 2.55]
7.4 mixed disorders	3	185	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.76 [‐1.50, ‐0.02]
7.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8 Reduction in anxiety symptoms: medium‐term Show forest plot	4	256	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.96 [‐1.60, ‐0.31]

8.1 anxiety disorders	1	21	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.07 [‐2.02, ‐0.12]
8.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.3 somatoform disorders	2	174	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.23 [‐2.10, ‐0.35]
8.4 mixed disorders	1	61	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐0.87, 0.15]
8.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 Reduction in anxiety symptoms: long‐term Show forest plot	5	333	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.85 [‐2.36, 0.67]

9.1 anxiety disorders	1	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.82 [‐1.47, ‐0.17]
9.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.3 somatoform disorders	3	232	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.97 [‐3.81, 1.86]
9.4 mixed disorders	1	61	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐1.02, ‐0.00]
9.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Reduction in depressive symptoms: short‐term Show forest plot	11	927	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.59 [‐1.13, ‐0.05]

10.1 anxiety disorders	1	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.79 [‐1.44, ‐0.14]
10.2 depressive disorders	2	261	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.61 [‐0.86, ‐0.36]
10.3 somatoform disorders	4	340	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.64 [‐2.36, 1.07]
10.4 mixed disorders	4	286	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.39 [‐0.62, ‐0.15]
10.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Reduction in depressive symptoms: medium‐term Show forest plot	5	319	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.41 [‐0.79, ‐0.03]

11.1 anxiety disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.2 depressive disorders	2	186	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.16 [‐0.58, 0.26]
11.3 somatoform disorders	2	72	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.92 [‐1.79, ‐0.05]
11.4 mixed disorders	1	61	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.29 [‐0.79, 0.22]
11.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12 Reduction in depressive symptoms: long‐term Show forest plot	6	422	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.98 [‐1.91, ‐0.04]

12.1 anxiety disorders	1	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.65 [‐1.29, ‐0.01]
12.2 depressive disorders	1	89	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.04 [‐0.38, 0.46]
12.3 somatoform disorders	3	232	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.65 [‐3.47, 0.17]
12.4 mixed disorders	1	61	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.35 [‐0.86, 0.16]
12.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Social adjustment: short‐term Show forest plot	3	254	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐0.76, ‐0.26]

13.1 anxiety disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.3 somatoform disorders	2	203	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐0.79, ‐0.23]
13.4 mixed disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.5 personality disorders	1	51	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.48 [‐1.03, 0.08]
14 Social adjustment: long‐term Show forest plot	3	260	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.45 [‐0.70, ‐0.21]

14.1 anxiety disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.2 depressive disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.3 somatoform disorders	2	200	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.73, ‐0.13]
14.4 mixed disorders	1	60	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.53 [‐1.04, ‐0.01]
14.5 personality disorders	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 1. STPP vs wait‐list/TAU/minimal treatment

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