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Referencias

References to studies excluded from this review

Barreto 1996 {published data only}

Barreto P, Bayes R, Comas MD, Martinez E, Pascual A, Roca J, et al. Assessment of the perception and worries [corrected] in terminally ill patients in Spain. Journal of Palliative Care 1996;12:43‐6. [PUBMED: 8708851]CENTRAL

Bruera 1986 {published data only}

Bruera E, Carraro S, Roca E, Barugel M, Chacon R. Double‐blind evaluation of the effects of mazindol on pain, depression, anxiety, appetite, and activity in terminal cancer patients. Cancer Treatment Reports 1986;70:295‐8. [PUBMED: 3512080]CENTRAL

Butters 1992 {published data only}

Butters E, Higginson I, George R, Smits A, McCarthy M. Assessing the symptoms, anxiety and practical needs of HIV/AIDS patients receiving palliative care. Quality of Life Research 1992;1:47‐51. [PUBMED: 1284465]CENTRAL

Centeno 2012 {published data only}

Centeno C, Sanz A, Cuervo MA, Ramos D, Hernansanz S, Gonzalez J, et al. Multicentre, double‐blind, randomised placebo‐controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of methylphenidate on depressive symptoms in advanced cancer patients. British Medical Journal Supportive and Palliative Care 2012;2(4):328‐33. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare‐2011‐000093]CENTRAL

Daubert 2014 {published data only}

Daubert E, Bolesta S. Effect of lorazepam versus morphine on quality of life in hospice patients with dyspnea and anxiety. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2014;54(2):e193. CENTRAL

Dauchy 2015 {published data only}

Dauchy S, Majed L, Saltel P, Reich M, Rouby P, Lopez C, et al. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of escitalopram for the treatment of emotional distress during treatment for head and neck cancer. Psycho‐Oncology 2015;24:332. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3874]CENTRAL

Fernandez 1987 {published data only}

Fernandez F, Adams F, Holmes VF. Analgesic effect of alprazolam in patients with chronic, organic pain of malignant origin. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1987;7:167‐9. [PUBMED: 3597802]CENTRAL

Grob 2011 {published data only}

Grob CS, Danforth AL, Chopra GS, Hagerty M, McKay CR, Halberstadt AL, et al. Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced‐stage cancer. Archives of General Psychiatry 2011;68(1):71‐8. [DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116]CENTRAL

Holland 1991 {published data only}

Holland JC, Morrow GR, Schmale A, Dragatis, L, Stefanek M, Berenson S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of alprazolam versus progressive muscle relaxation in cancer patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1991;9:1004‐11. [PUBMED: 2033413]CENTRAL

Irwin 2013 {published data only}

Irwin SA, Iglewicz A, Nelesen RA, Lo JY, Carr CH, Romero SD, et al. Daily oral ketamine for the treatment of depression and anxiety in patients receiving hospice care: a 28‐day open‐label proof‐of‐concept trial. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2013;16(8):958‐65. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0617]CENTRAL

Koralewski 2002 {published data only}

Koralewski P, Nawara I, Cegielski W, Betkowska‐Oleksik K, Kosobucki R. The assessment of usefulness of alprazolam and buspiron in anxiolytic therapy of cancer patients. Onkologia Polska 2002;5(1):11‐8. CENTRAL

Kronish 2012 {published data only}

Kronish IM, Chaplin WF, Rieckmann N, Burg MM, Davidson KW. The effect of enhanced depression care on anxiety symptoms in acute coronary syndrome patients: findings from the COPES trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2012;81(4):245‐7. [DOI: 10.1159/000332439]CENTRAL

Ng 2014 {published data only}

Ng CG, Boks MP, Roes KC, Zainal NZ, Sulaiman AH, Tan SB, et al. Rapid response to methylphenidate as an add‐on therapy to mirtazapine in the treatment of major depressive disorder in terminally ill cancer patients: a four‐week, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2014;24(4):491‐8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.016]CENTRAL

Wald 1993 {published data only}

Walt TG, Kathol RG, Noyes R, Carroll BT, Clamon GH. Rapid relief of anxiety in cancer patients with both alprazolam and placebo. Psychosomatics 1993;34:324‐32. [PUBMED: 8351307]CENTRAL

Yazici 2012 {published data only}

Yazici AE, Erdem P, Erdem A, Yazici K, Acar ST, Basterzi AD, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in depressed patients with end stage renal disease: an open placebo‐controlled study. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2012;22(1):23‐30. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20120215011558]CENTRAL

Ziolko 2004 {published data only}

Ziolko E, Knopik J, Bucior J, Foltyn W, Jastrzebska‐Okon K, Tomczyk A, et al. Evaluation of usefulness and effectiveness of anxiolytic therapies in neoplastic diseases. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 2004;XVI:561‐4. [PUBMED: 15510897]CENTRAL

References to studies awaiting assessment

Hart 2012 {published data only}

Hart DE, Corna NE, Horwood F, Maingay G. Randomised control trial of intranasal midazolam or oral lorazepam for the relief of dyspnoea in severe respiratory disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012;185:A2953. CENTRAL

Usmani 2013 {published data only}

Usmani ZA. Paroxetine for anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12613000458730 Date first registered: 22 April 2013. CENTRAL

Baldwin 2005

Baldwin DS, Nutt DJ, Bandelow B, Bond A, Davidson JRT, den Boer JA, et al. Evidence‐based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2005;19:567‐96. [DOI: 10.1177/0269881105059253]

Bastien 2001

Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine 2001;2:297‐307. [PUBMED: 11438246]

Beck 1961

Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1961;4:561‐71. [PUBMED: 13688369]

Beck 1988

Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1988;56:893‐7. [PUBMED: 3204199]

Bradburn 1969

Bradburn N. The Structure of Psychological Well‐being. Chicago (IL): Aldine, 1969.

Breitbart 1996

Breitbart W, Jacobsen PB. Psychiatric symptom management in terminal care. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 1996;12(2):329‐47. [PUBMED: 8799351]

Bruera 1991

Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller MJ, Selmser P, Macmillan K. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. Journal of Palliative Care 1991;7(2):6‐9. [PUBMED: 1714502]

Buysse 1989

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research 1989;28:192‐213. [PUBMED: 2748771]

de Haes 1996

de Haes JCJM, Olschewski M, Fayers P, Visser MRM, Cull A, Hopwood P, et al. The Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL). A Manual. Northern Centre for Healthcare Research (NCH), University of Groningen, the Netherlands1996.

Derogatis 1983

Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N. The Brief Symptom Inventory: an introductory report. Psychological Medicine 1983;33:67‐75. [PUBMED: 6622612]

DSM‐5 2013

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5). Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association, 2013.

DSM‐III 1980

American Psychological Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Edition. Arlington (VA): American Psychological Association, 1980.

DSM‐IV 1994

American Psychological Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition. Arlington (VA): American Psychological Association, 1994.

DSM‐IV‐TR 2000

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association, 2000.

DSM‐R 1987

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association, 1987.

Hamilton 1959

Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1959;32(1):50‐5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044‐8341.1959.tb00467.x]

Hearn 1999

Hearn J, Higginson IJ. Development and validation of a core outcome measure for palliative care: the palliative care outcome scale. Palliative Care Core Audit Project Advisory Group. Quality in Health Care : QHC 1999;8:219‐27.

Henderson 2006

Henderson M, MacGregor E, Sykes N, Hotopf M. The use of benzodiazepines in palliative care. Palliative Medicine 2006;20(4):407‐12. [PUBMED: 16875110]

Higgins 2011

Higgins JPT, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.

Higginson 1993

Higginson I. Audit methods: a community schedule. In: Higginson I editor(s). Clinical Audit in Palliative Care. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1993:34‐47.

ICD‐10 2010

World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization2010.

Jackson 2000

Jackson KC, Lipman AG. Anxiety in palliative care patients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care in Pain and Symptom Control 2000;7(4):23‐35.

Jones 1991

Jones PW, Quirk FH, Baveystock CM. The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Respiratory Medicine 1991;85 (Suppl B):25‐31. [PUBMED: 1759018]

Khojainova 2002

Khojainova N, Santiago‐Palma J, Kornick C, Breitbart W, Gonzales GR. Olanzapine in the management of cancer pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2002;23(4):346‐50. [PUBMED: 11997204]

Klein 2011

Klein C, Lang U, Bükki J, Sittl R, Ostgathe C. Pain management and symptom‐oriented drug therapy in palliative care. Breast Care 2011;6:27‐34. [DOI: 10.1159/000324702]

Kolva 2011

Kolva E, Rosenfeld B, Pessin H, Breitbart W, Brescia R. Anxiety in terminally ill cancer patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management2011; Vol. 42, issue 5:691‐701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.01.013]

Maguire 1993

Maguire P, Faulkner A, Regnard C. Managing the anxious patient with advancing disease ‐ a flow diagram. Palliative Medicine 1993;7:239‐44. [PUBMED: 8261191]

Mintzer 2001

Mintzer J, Faison W, Street JS, Sutton VK, Breier A. Olanzapine in the treatment of anxiety symptoms due to Alzheimer's disease: a post hoc analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2001;16(Suppl 1):S71‐7. [PUBMED: 11748790]

Mitchell 2011

Mitchell AJ, Chan M, Bhatti H, Halton M, Grassi L, Johansen C, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in oncological, haematological, and palliative‐care settings: a meta‐analysis of 94 interview‐based studies. Lancet Oncology 2011;12(2):160‐74. [DOI: 10.1016/S1470‐2045(11)70002‐X]

Moorey 2009

Moorey S, Cort E, Kapari M, Monroe B, Hansford P, Mannix K, et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for common mental disorders in patients with advanced cancer. Psychological Medicine 2009;39(5):713‐23. [DOI: 10.1017/S0033291708004169]

National Consensus Project 2009

National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, Second edition2009.

National Palliative and End of Care 2015

National Palliative and End of Care Partnership. Ambitions for palliative and end of life care: a national framework for local action 2015‐2020, 2015. endoflifecareambitions.org.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2015/09/Ambitions‐for‐Palliative‐and‐End‐of‐Life‐Care.pdf (accessed 11 March 2017).

NICE 2015

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Care of dying adults in the last days of life. NICE guideline NG31, 2015. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng31 (accessed 14 December 2016).

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National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Improving supportive and palliative care for adults with cancer. The manual. Cancer Service Guideline (CSG4), 2004. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/csg4 (accessed 14 December 2016).

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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. End of life care for adults. Quality standard (QS13), 2011. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs13 (accessed 11 March 2017).

NICE 2011b

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults. Clinical guideline (CG113), 2011. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113/chapter/1‐guidance (accessed 14/12/16) (accessed 14 December 2016).

Noyes 1998

Noyes R, Holt CS, Massie MJ. Anxiety disorders. In: Holland JC, Breitbart W editor(s). Psycho‐oncology. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 1998:548‐63.

Nübling 2012

Nübling G, Allmendinger S, Lorenzl S. Drug therapy of anxiety and fear in palliative care patients with cancer or other illnesses: a systematic review. Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) 2012;26(5):537‐49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00482‐012‐1241‐6]

Payne 1995

Payne D. Cognitive Factors in Breakthrough Pain [PhD dissertation]. Louisville (KY): University of Louisville, 1995.

Pollock 1979

Pollock V, Cho DW, Reker D, Volavka J. Profile of Mood States: the factors and their physiological correlates. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1979;167(10):612‐4. [PUBMED: 226658]

Robins 1981

Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS. National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 1981;38(4):381‐9. [PUBMED: 6260053]

Roth 2007

Roth AJ, Massie MJ. Anxiety and its management in advanced cancer. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care 2007;1(1):50‐6. [DOI: 10.1097/SPC.0b013e32813aeb23]

Schulz 2010

Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:697‐702. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c332]

Soldatos 2000

Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD‐10 criteria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2000;48:555‐60. [PUBMED: 11033374]

Spencer 2010

Spencer R, Nilsson M, Wright A, Pirl W, Prigerson H. Anxiety disorders in advanced cancer patients: correlates and predictors of end‐of‐life outcomes. Cancer 2010;116(7):1810‐9. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24954]

Spielberger 1983

Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. Manual for the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983.

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Thielking PD. Cancer pain and anxiety. Current Pain and Headache Reports 2003;7:249‐61.

Traeger 2012

Traeger L, Greer JA, Fernandez‐Robles C, Temel JS, Pirl WF. Evidence‐based treatment of anxiety in patients with cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012;30:1197‐205. [DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.5632]

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Wilson KG, Chochinov HM, Skirko MG, Allard P, Chary S, Gagnon PR, et al. Depression and anxiety disorders in palliative cancer care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2007;33(2):118‐29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.07.016]

Zigmond 1983

Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1983;67(6):361‐70. [PUBMED: 6880820]

References to other published versions of this review

Candy 2012

Candy B, Jackson KC, Jones L, Tookman A, King M. Drug therapy for symptoms associated with anxiety in adult palliative care patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004596.pub2]

Jackson 2004

Jackson KC, Lipman AG. Drug therapy for anxiety in adult palliative care patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004596]

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Study

Reason for exclusion

Barreto 1996

Not an RCT.

Bruera 1986

Not the patient population of interest.

Butters 1992

Not an RCT

Centeno 2012

Not the patient population of interest.

Daubert 2014

Study discontinued.

Dauchy 2015

Not the patient population of interest.

Fernandez 1987

Not an RCT.

Grob 2011

Not an RCT.

Holland 1991

Not the patient population of interest.

Irwin 2013

Not an RCT.

Koralewski 2002

Not the patient population of interest.

Kronish 2012

Not the patient population of interest.

Ng 2014

Not the patient population of interest.

Wald 1993

Not the patient population of interest.

Yazici 2012

Not the patient population of interest.

Ziolko 2004

Not the patient population of interest.

RCT: randomised controlled trial.

Characteristics of studies awaiting assessment [ordered by study ID]

Hart 2012

Methods

Randomised, double‐blind, double‐dummy placebo‐controlled pilot study.

Participants

30 participants with severe respiratory disease.

Interventions

Lorazepam tablets 0.5 mg twice daily with dummy nasal spray up to 4 times daily.

Midazolam 400 mg intranasal 2 sprays up to 4 times daily with placebo tablets.

Outcomes

Borg score, St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scores, Nottingham Activities of Daily Living score.

Notes

Contacted author by e‐mail in July and August 2016 to ask for further details but no response received.

Usmani 2013

Methods

Intervention study.

Participants

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Interventions

Paroxetine 20 mg daily as oral capsule for 4 months.

Placebo pill as oral capsule for 4 months.

Capsules identical in appearance.

Outcomes

Anxiety as measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory, quality of life as assessed by Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ).

Notes

Contacted author by e‐mail September 2016 to ask for further details but no response received.

Study flow diagram.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram.