Latin name

Common name

Pharmacological actions

Dosage proportion

Radix Ginseng

Ren shen

Strengthens cardiac contractility, increasing cardiac output, and has cardiokinetic function, slows heart rate down, dilates blood vessel, anticoagulation, inhibits platelet adhesion reaction

10% to 20%

Scorpio

Scorpion

Treatment of hypertension, apoplexy, arteriosclerosis, some nervous system diseases, various tumefaction and infections

10% to 20%

Hirudo

Leech

Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, reduces viscosity of whole blood, anti‐myocardial ischaemia, induces cholesterol and anti‐atherosclerosis

20% to 30%

Eupolyphaga seu Steleophage

Eupolyphaga sinensis walk, Ground beetle

Increases cardiac output, improves tolerance of hypoxia

10% to 20%

Scolopendra

Centipede

Strengthens cardiac contractility, decreases blood pressure, and increases blood vessel perfusion flow

6% to 15%

Periostracum Cicadae

Cicada slough

Anticonvulsive and slows heart rate down

10% to 20%

Radix Paeoniae Rubra

The root of common peony

Anticoagulation and prevents thrombosis functions, and inhibits formation of platelet and fibrin thrombus, dilates coronary artery directly, has a strong anti‐myocardial ischaemia function, and changes the content of lipoprotein, deduces calcium ion sediments on the arterious parietes, anti‐atherosclerosis

5% to 15%

Borneolum Syntheticum

Borneol

Analgesia and sedation

2% to 10%