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Memantina para la demencia
Rupert McShanea, Maggie J Westbya, Emmert Roberts, Neda Minakaran, Lon Schneider, Lucy E Farrimond, Nicola Maayan, Jennifer Ware, Jean Debarros | 20 marzo 2019

Topics

Temas

THF: Tetra Hydro Folate 
 Met: Methionine 
 SAMe: S‐Adenosylmethionine 
 PC: Phosphatidyl Choline 
 PE: Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

THF: Tetra Hydro Folate
Met: Methionine
SAMe: S‐Adenosylmethionine
PC: Phosphatidyl Choline
PE: Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 1 Mini Mental State Examination MMSE (changes from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 1 Mini Mental State Examination MMSE (changes from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 2 DDST ( changes from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 2 DDST ( changes from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 3 IADL ( changes from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 3 IADL ( changes from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 4 SB ( changes from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 4 SB ( changes from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 5 IADL/SB ( changes from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 5 IADL/SB ( changes from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 6 Completers.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 6 Completers.

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Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 7 Treatment responders.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 7 Treatment responders.

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Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 1 Randt Memory Test ‐ acquisition and recall (change from baseline at 9 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 1 Randt Memory Test ‐ acquisition and recall (change from baseline at 9 weeks).

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Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 2 Randt Memory Test ‐ delayed recall (change from baseline at 9 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 2 Randt Memory Test ‐ delayed recall (change from baseline at 9 weeks).

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Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 3 Randt Memory Test ‐ memory index (change from baseline at 9 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 3 Randt Memory Test ‐ memory index (change from baseline at 9 weeks).

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Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 4 Randt Memory Test ‐ encoding (change from baseline at 9 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 4 Randt Memory Test ‐ encoding (change from baseline at 9 weeks).

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Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 5 Randt Memory Test ‐ cognitive efficiency (change from baseline at 9 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 5 Randt Memory Test ‐ cognitive efficiency (change from baseline at 9 weeks).

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Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 6 Randt Memory Test ‐ attention efficiency (change from baseline at 9 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment, Outcome 6 Randt Memory Test ‐ attention efficiency (change from baseline at 9 weeks).

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Comparison 4 Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, Outcome 1 MMSE (change from baseline at 12 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, Outcome 1 MMSE (change from baseline at 12 weeks).

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Comparison 4 Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, Outcome 2 ADAS‐Cog (change from baseline at 12 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, Outcome 2 ADAS‐Cog (change from baseline at 12 weeks).

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Comparison 4 Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, Outcome 3 BADL (change from baseline at 12 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, Outcome 3 BADL (change from baseline at 12 weeks).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 1 Constuction complex figure of Rey ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 1 Constuction complex figure of Rey ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 2 Attention digit span forward ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 2 Attention digit span forward ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 3 Sensomotor speed motor planning ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 3 Sensomotor speed motor planning ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 4 Sensomotor speed, finger tapping ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 4 Sensomotor speed, finger tapping ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 5 Sensomotor speed trial making test (change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 5 Sensomotor speed trial making test (change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 6 Memory 15 words learning, immediate recall ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 6 Memory 15 words learning, immediate recall ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 7 Memory, delayed recall (change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 7 Memory, delayed recall (change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 8 Memory 15 learning word, recognition ( change from baseline at week 24 ).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.8

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 8 Memory 15 learning word, recognition ( change from baseline at week 24 ).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 9 Memory, complex figure of Rey, immediate recall ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.9

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 9 Memory, complex figure of Rey, immediate recall ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 10 Memory, complex figure of Rey, delayed recall ( change from baseline at week 24 ).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.10

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 10 Memory, complex figure of Rey, delayed recall ( change from baseline at week 24 ).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 11 Memory, digit span backward (change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.11

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 11 Memory, digit span backward (change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 12 Executive function, motor planing ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.12

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 12 Executive function, motor planing ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 13 Excutive function, trial making test ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.13

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 13 Excutive function, trial making test ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 14 Excutive function, stroop test ( change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.14

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 14 Excutive function, stroop test ( change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 15 Excutive function , similarities (change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.15

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 15 Excutive function , similarities (change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 16 Excutive function, Raven (change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.16

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 16 Excutive function, Raven (change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 17 Executive function, word fluency, animals, numbers of nouns (changes from baselien at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.17

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 17 Executive function, word fluency, animals, numbers of nouns (changes from baselien at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 18 Executive function, word fluency, letters, numbers of nouns (changes from baselien at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.18

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 18 Executive function, word fluency, letters, numbers of nouns (changes from baselien at week 24).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 19 Homocysteine (mcmo/L) (changes from baseline at week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.19

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 19 Homocysteine (mcmo/L) (changes from baseline at week 12).

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Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 20 Homocysteine (mcmol/L) (change from baseline at week 24).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.20

Comparison 5 Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency, Outcome 20 Homocysteine (mcmol/L) (change from baseline at week 24).

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Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 1 Global cognitive function (changes from baseline to 3‐year).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 1 Global cognitive function (changes from baseline to 3‐year).

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Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 2 Memory (change from baseline to 3‐year).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 2 Memory (change from baseline to 3‐year).

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Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 3 Sensorimotor speed (change from baseline at 3‐year).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.3

Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 3 Sensorimotor speed (change from baseline at 3‐year).

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Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 4 Complex speed (change from baseline at 3‐year).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.4

Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 4 Complex speed (change from baseline at 3‐year).

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Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 5 Information processing (change from baseline at 3‐year).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.5

Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 5 Information processing (change from baseline at 3‐year).

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Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 6 Word fluency (change from baseline at 3‐year).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.6

Comparison 6 Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 6 Word fluency (change from baseline at 3‐year).

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Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 1 Cognitive processing (change from baseline at 5 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 1 Cognitive processing (change from baseline at 5 weeks).

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Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 2 Memory (change from baseline at 5 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 2 Memory (change from baseline at 5 weeks).

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Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 3 Executive function (change from baseline at 5 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.3

Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 3 Executive function (change from baseline at 5 weeks).

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Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 4 Verbal ability (change from baseline at 5 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.4

Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 4 Verbal ability (change from baseline at 5 weeks).

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Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 5 Mood Measures (change from baseline at 5 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.5

Comparison 7 Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women, Outcome 5 Mood Measures (change from baseline at 5 weeks).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 1 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 1 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 2 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.2

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 2 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 3 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.3

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 3 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 4 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.4

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 4 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 5 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.5

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 5 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 6 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.6

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 6 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 7 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.7

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 7 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 8 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.8

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 8 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 9 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.9

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 9 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 10 Continuous Attention Test (CAT) correct ( changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.10

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 10 Continuous Attention Test (CAT) correct ( changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 11 Countinous Attention Test (CAT) incorrect ( changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.11

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 11 Countinous Attention Test (CAT) incorrect ( changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 12 Countinous Attention Test (CAT) error index (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.12

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 12 Countinous Attention Test (CAT) error index (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 13 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) correct (change from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.13

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 13 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) correct (change from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 14 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) reaction time correct (change from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.14

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 14 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) reaction time correct (change from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 15 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) incorrect (change from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.15

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 15 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) incorrect (change from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 16 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) three digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.16

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 16 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) three digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 17 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) three digits reaction time correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.17

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 17 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) three digits reaction time correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 18 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) four digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.18

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 18 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) four digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 19 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) four digits reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.19

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 19 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) four digits reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 20 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) five digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4).
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Analysis 8.20

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 20 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) five digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 21 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) five digits reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).
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Analysis 8.21

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 21 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) five digits reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 22 Homocysteine level mcom/L (change from baseline at week 4).
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Analysis 8.22

Comparison 8 Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly, Outcome 22 Homocysteine level mcom/L (change from baseline at week 4).

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Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 1 Memory, immediate recall.
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Analysis 9.1

Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 1 Memory, immediate recall.

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Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 2 Memory, delayed recall.
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Analysis 9.2

Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 2 Memory, delayed recall.

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Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 3 Memory, word recognition.
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Analysis 9.3

Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 3 Memory, word recognition.

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Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 4 Verbal ability.
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Analysis 9.4

Comparison 9 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people, Outcome 4 Verbal ability.

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Comparison 10 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognitive impairment and dementia, Outcome 1 MMSE.
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Analysis 10.1

Comparison 10 Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognitive impairment and dementia, Outcome 1 MMSE.

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Table 1. Baseline characteristics of included studies

Study

Participant number

Age range

Females proportion

Diagnosis

MMSE range

ADAS‐Cog range

Homocysteine levels

Folic acid levels

Bryan 2002

40

65‐92

100%

healthy

Not assessed

Not assessed

Not assessed

Not assessed

Connelly 2008

41

Mean 76.27 (SD = 6.23)

29%

AD patients

Mean 23.49 (SD = 3.53)

Not assessed

Mean 18.39 (SD = 4.62)

Not assessed

Durga 2007

818

50‐70

28%

healthy

28‐30

Not assessed

13.0 (11.2‐14.7) µmol/L

12 (10‐15) nmol/L

Eussen 2006

195

>70

76%

healthy, with vitamin B12 deficiency

Mean 26.7± 3

Not assessed

15.3 ± 5.5 µmol/L

RBC 616 ± 218 nmol/L

Fioravanti 1997

39

70‐90

83%

mild to moderate cognitive impairment, not demented with folic acid <3 ng/ml

16‐24

Not assessed

Not assessed

Blood folate 2.28 (0.6) ng/ml

Pathansali 2006

24

73 (5.6)

87%

healthy

<27

Not assessed

11.2±2 µmol/L

6.3 ± 2.5 µmol/

Sommer 1998

11

76.7±4.1

15%

Demented

16‐27

Not assessed

Not assessed

127‐452 mcg/L (RBC)

VITAL 2003

149

56‐89

not reported

84 AD,11 mixed dementia, 47 MCI, 4 unclassified

10‐26

5‐55

5.7‐130.2 µmol/ (range)

1.7‐30.5 nmol/l (range)
Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of included studies
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Comparison 1. Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Mini Mental State Examination MMSE (changes from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

41

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.13 [‐1.96, 1.70]

2 DDST ( changes from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

41

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.26 [‐4.12, 4.64]

3 IADL ( changes from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

41

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.67 [0.25, 5.09]

4 SB ( changes from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

41

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.38 [‐1.13, 3.89]

5 IADL/SB ( changes from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

41

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.01 [0.50, 7.52]

6 Completers Show forest plot

1

49

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.01, 1.91]

7 Treatment responders Show forest plot

1

49

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.06 [1.22, 13.53]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Folic acid (1mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment
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Comparison 2. Folic acid (10mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment and dementia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Language: WAIS‐R:Pro‐rated Verbal IQ (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Boston Naming Test (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Controlled Oral Word Association Test (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 WMS:Logical Memory Subtest (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 WMS: Associated Learning Subtest (changes from baseline at week 10 )

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Speed/Concentration:Trial A (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Speed/Concentration: Trial B (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Fingger Tapping Test (changes from baseline at week 10)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Folic acid (10mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment and dementia
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Comparison 3. Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Randt Memory Test ‐ acquisition and recall (change from baseline at 9 weeks) Show forest plot

1

29

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.47 [‐10.05, 20.99]

2 Randt Memory Test ‐ delayed recall (change from baseline at 9 weeks) Show forest plot

1

29

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.38 [‐8.58, 23.34]

3 Randt Memory Test ‐ memory index (change from baseline at 9 weeks) Show forest plot

1

29

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.34 [‐9.67, 24.35]

4 Randt Memory Test ‐ encoding (change from baseline at 9 weeks) Show forest plot

1

29

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.67 [‐1.89, 3.23]

5 Randt Memory Test ‐ cognitive efficiency (change from baseline at 9 weeks) Show forest plot

1

29

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.57 [‐1.97, 3.11]

6 Randt Memory Test ‐ attention efficiency (change from baseline at 9 weeks) Show forest plot

1

29

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.05 [‐0.17, 2.27]
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Comparison 3. Folic acid (15mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive impairment
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Comparison 4. Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 MMSE (change from baseline at 12 weeks) Show forest plot

1

138

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.39 [‐0.43, 1.21]

2 ADAS‐Cog (change from baseline at 12 weeks) Show forest plot

1

133

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.41 [‐1.25, 2.07]

3 BADL (change from baseline at 12 weeks) Show forest plot

1

134

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.57 [‐1.95, 0.81]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Folic acid (2 mg/day) + vitamin B12 (1mg/day) for mild cognitive impairment or dementia
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Comparison 5. Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Constuction complex figure of Rey ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

97

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.5 [‐5.33, 4.33]

2 Attention digit span forward ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

107

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.30 [‐1.17, 0.57]

3 Sensomotor speed motor planning ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

94

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

84.0 [‐80.38, 248.38]

4 Sensomotor speed, finger tapping ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

94

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.0 [‐119.50, 125.50]

5 Sensomotor speed trial making test (change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

104

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐9.0 [‐34.41, 16.41]

6 Memory 15 words learning, immediate recall ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

106

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐5.25, 6.25]

7 Memory, delayed recall (change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

105

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.60 [‐1.42, 2.62]

8 Memory 15 learning word, recognition ( change from baseline at week 24 ) Show forest plot

1

105

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.90 [‐2.87, 1.07]

9 Memory, complex figure of Rey, immediate recall ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

95

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐3.92, 4.32]

10 Memory, complex figure of Rey, delayed recall ( change from baseline at week 24 ) Show forest plot

1

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.5 [‐4.60, 3.60]

11 Memory, digit span backward (change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

107

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.8 [‐1.62, 0.02]

12 Executive function, motor planing ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

92

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

35.0 [‐247.33, 317.33]

13 Excutive function, trial making test ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

100

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐0.20, 1.20]

14 Excutive function, stroop test ( change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

97

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

15 Excutive function , similarities (change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

106

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.50 [‐1.02, 2.02]

16 Excutive function, Raven (change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

103

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐1.55, 2.55]

17 Executive function, word fluency, animals, numbers of nouns (changes from baselien at week 24) Show forest plot

1

106

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.60 [‐3.55, 2.35]

18 Executive function, word fluency, letters, numbers of nouns (changes from baselien at week 24) Show forest plot

1

105

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.80 [‐5.91, 2.31]

19 Homocysteine (mcmo/L) (changes from baseline at week 12) Show forest plot

1

103

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐4.5 [‐7.05, ‐1.95]

20 Homocysteine (mcmol/L) (change from baseline at week 24) Show forest plot

1

105

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.90 [‐8.43, ‐3.37]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. Folic acid( 400 mcg/day) + vitamin B12 (1000 mcg/day) in healthy elderly with mild B12 deficiency
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Comparison 6. Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Global cognitive function (changes from baseline to 3‐year) Show forest plot

1

818

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [0.00, 0.10]

2 Memory (change from baseline to 3‐year) Show forest plot

1

818

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.04, 0.24]

3 Sensorimotor speed (change from baseline at 3‐year) Show forest plot

1

818

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.06 [‐0.00, 0.12]

4 Complex speed (change from baseline at 3‐year) Show forest plot

1

818

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.04 [‐0.05, 0.13]

5 Information processing (change from baseline at 3‐year) Show forest plot

1

818

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.09 [0.02, 0.16]

6 Word fluency (change from baseline at 3‐year) Show forest plot

1

818

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.07 [‐0.19, 0.05]
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Comparison 6. Folic acid (800 mcg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly
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Comparison 7. Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Cognitive processing (change from baseline at 5 weeks) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Speed of processing ‐ boxes

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.12 [‐11.28, 15.52]

1.2 Speed of processing ‐ digit symbol coding

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.19 [‐7.40, 11.78]

1.3 Speed of processing ‐ symbol search

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.59 [‐1.55, 4.73]

1.4 Working memory ‐ digit span backwards

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.31 [‐2.66, 2.04]

1.5 Working memory ‐ letter number sequencing

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.5 [‐2.78, 1.78]

2 Memory (change from baseline at 5 weeks) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Immediate recall ‐ RAVLT 1‐5

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.06 [‐6.87, 6.75]

2.2 Immediate recall ‐ RAVLT B

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.54 [‐2.05, 0.97]

2.3 Delayed recall ‐ RAVLT 6

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.07 [‐2.28, 2.14]

2.4 Delayed recall ‐ RAVLT 7

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.34 [‐2.85, 2.17]

2.5 Recognition ‐ RAVLT A

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.42 [‐0.24, 3.08]

2.6 Recognition ‐ RAVLT B

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.59 [‐1.35, 4.53]

3 Executive function (change from baseline at 5 weeks) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Stroop

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.09 [‐0.44, 0.26]

3.2 Trail making test : Test A

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.29 [‐11.40, 15.98]

3.3 Trail making test: Test B

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.21 [‐37.01, 26.59]

3.4 Verbal fluency ‐ initial letter

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.44 [‐11.20, 4.32]

3.5 Verbal fluency ‐ excluded letter

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.57 [‐6.76, 7.90]

4 Verbal ability (change from baseline at 5 weeks) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Vocabulary

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.13 [‐4.87, 4.61]

4.2 Spot the word

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.87 [‐7.92, 9.66]

5 Mood Measures (change from baseline at 5 weeks) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 CESD ‐ depression

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.11 [‐7.31, 5.09]

5.2 POMS: total

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.14 [‐23.56, 17.28]

5.3 POMS ‐ Tension/anxiety

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.3 [‐3.93, 4.53]

5.4 POMS ‐ Depression/dejection

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.59 [‐5.45, 6.63]

5.5 POMS ‐ Anger/hostility

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [‐3.29, 5.23]

5.6 POMS ‐ Vigour/activity

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.13 [‐2.26, 8.52]

5.7 POMS ‐ Fatigue/inertia

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.83 [‐5.85, 2.19]

5.8 POMS ‐ Confusion/bewilderment

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.05 [‐3.05, 2.95]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 7. Folic acid (0.75 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy older women
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Comparison 8. Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐6.0 [‐16.29, 4.29]

2 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.31, 0.31]

3 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) fixed reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.06, 0.12]

4 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.75 [‐3.70, 17.20]

5 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.75 [‐1.82, 0.32]

6 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) random reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.02 [‐0.11, 0.07]

7 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.08 [‐0.15, 0.31]

9 Four‐Choice Reaction Time (FCRT) transform incorrect (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10 Continuous Attention Test (CAT) correct ( changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.94 [1.00, 4.88]

11 Countinous Attention Test (CAT) incorrect ( changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.19 [‐1.55, 1.17]

12 Countinous Attention Test (CAT) error index (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.04 [‐0.11, 0.03]

13 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) correct (change from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.66 [‐0.49, 1.81]

14 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) reaction time correct (change from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.21 [0.01, 0.41]

15 Digit‐symbol substitution (DSS) incorrect (change from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.66 [‐1.81, 0.49]

16 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) three digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.58 [‐1.60, 0.44]

17 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) three digits reaction time correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.04 [‐0.05, 0.13]

18 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) four digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.01 [‐1.69, 1.67]

19 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) four digits reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.01 [‐0.14, 0.12]

20 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) five digits correct (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.15 [‐1.97, 2.27]

21 Scanning Memory Sets (SMS) five digits reaction time (changes from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.12, 0.12]

22 Homocysteine level mcom/L (change from baseline at week 4) Show forest plot

1

24

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.6 [‐4.28, 1.08]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 8. Folic acid (5 mg/day) vs placebo in healthy elderly
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Comparison 9. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Memory, immediate recall Show forest plot

2

145

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.27 [‐4.14, 4.67]

2 Memory, delayed recall Show forest plot

2

145

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.23 [‐1.34, 1.80]

3 Memory, word recognition Show forest plot

2

144

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.46 [‐0.81, 1.73]

4 Verbal ability Show forest plot

3

963

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.06 [‐0.18, 0.06]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 9. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in healthy people
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Comparison 10. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognitive impairment and dementia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 MMSE Show forest plot

2

179

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.30 [‐0.45, 1.05]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 10. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognitive impairment and dementia
Ir a la tabla de la revisión