Study

Intervention group

Control group

Number of interviewed participants

n = 7 clusters (69,936)

n = 6 clusters (60,843)

Gender

27,391 (male), 42,545 (female)

22,933 (male), 37,910 (female)

No habits

Male (7368: 26.9%), Female (31,1440: 73.9%)

Male (8049; 35.1%), Female (31,010: 81.1%)

Chewing habits

Male (8080: 29.5%), Female (10,764: 25.3%)

Male (5710: 24.9%), Female (6748: 17.8%)

Smoking habits

Male (17,064: 62.3%), Female (9785: 2.3%)

Male (12,040: 52.5%), Female (341: 0.9%)

Drinking habits

Male (10,271: 37.5%), Female (85: 0.2%)

Male (6971: 30.4%), Female (38: 0.1%)

Participation rate

Male: 81.7%, Female: 93.6%

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Screening history

Male

Female

Total

Not screened

18.4% (6166)

6.4% (2907)

11.5% (9073)

Screened once

48.7% (16,334)

41.3% (18,762)

44.4% (35,096)

Screened twice

32.9% (11,040)

52.3% (23,760)

44.1% (34,800)

Number of subjects with referrable lesions

8.4% (2284)

5% (2123)

6.3% (4408)

Subjects complied with referral

56.8% (1298)

62.7% (1332)

59.6% (2630)

Kerala project

Intervention group

Control group

Number of oral cancers

149 (Male: 83 and Female: 66)

106 (Male: 64 and Female: 42)

Oral cancer deaths

65

62

Total number of participants

78,969

74,739

Crude incidence rate of oral cancer

43.3/100,000

32.2/100,000

Case‐fatality rate

43.6%

58.5%

Age‐standardised oral cancer mortality (person years)

21.2/100,000

21.3/100,000

Crude death rate from oral cancer

18.9/100,000

18.8/100,000