Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 1 High blood pressure (without proteinuria).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 1 High blood pressure (without proteinuria).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 2 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 2 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 3 Eclampsia or other serious maternal morbidity.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 3 Eclampsia or other serious maternal morbidity.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 4 Maternal death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 4 Maternal death.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 5 Maternal antepartum hospitalisation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 5 Maternal antepartum hospitalisation.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 6 Mother's length stay in hospital (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 6 Mother's length stay in hospital (days).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 7 Antepartum vaginal bleeding.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 7 Antepartum vaginal bleeding.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 8 Maternal anaemia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 8 Maternal anaemia.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 9 Maternal side‐effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 9 Maternal side‐effects.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 10 Caesarean section.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 10 Caesarean section.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 12 Blood loss at delivery (mls).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 12 Blood loss at delivery (mls).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 13 Vaginal blood loss after delivery.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 13 Vaginal blood loss after delivery.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 14 Miscarriage (< 24 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 14 Miscarriage (< 24 weeks).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 15 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 15 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 16 Neonatal death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.16

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 16 Neonatal death.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 17 Length of gestation (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.17

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 17 Length of gestation (days).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 18 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.18

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 18 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 19 Early preterm birth (< 34 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.19

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 19 Early preterm birth (< 34 weeks).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 20 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.20

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 20 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 21 Small‐for‐gestational age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.21

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 21 Small‐for‐gestational age.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 22 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.22

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 22 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 24 Birthweight (gm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.24

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 24 Birthweight (gm).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 25 Birth length (cm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.25

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 25 Birth length (cm).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 26 Congenital malformation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.26

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 26 Congenital malformation.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 27 Baby admitted to neonatal care.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.27

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 27 Baby admitted to neonatal care.

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 28 Baby's length of stay in hospital (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.28

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 28 Baby's length of stay in hospital (days).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 29 Neonatal morbidity ‐ bleeding disorders (eg IVH).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.29

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 29 Neonatal morbidity ‐ bleeding disorders (eg IVH).

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 30 Neonatal morbidity ‐ non‐bleeding disorders (eg RDS).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.30

Comparison 1 Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women, Outcome 30 Neonatal morbidity ‐ non‐bleeding disorders (eg RDS).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.8

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.9

Comparison 2 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 6 Birthweight < 2500 g.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 6 Birthweight < 2500 g.

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.8

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.9

Comparison 3 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.5

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.6

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.7

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.8

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.9

Comparison 4 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 2 Length of gestation (days).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 5 Birthweight (gm).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 7 Small‐for‐gestational age.

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.8

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks).

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.9

Comparison 5 Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement, Outcome 9 Neonatal death.

Comparison 1. Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 High blood pressure (without proteinuria) Show forest plot

5

1831

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.09 [0.90, 1.33]

2 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria) Show forest plot

4

1683

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.59, 1.27]

3 Eclampsia or other serious maternal morbidity Show forest plot

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.01, 2.70]

4 Maternal death Show forest plot

1

1477

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Maternal antepartum hospitalisation Show forest plot

1

63

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.23 [0.67, 2.28]

6 Mother's length stay in hospital (days) Show forest plot

1

1477

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.81 [‐2.87, 1.25]

7 Antepartum vaginal bleeding Show forest plot

2

1976

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.05 [0.71, 1.56]

8 Maternal anaemia Show forest plot

1

846

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.91, 1.48]

9 Maternal side‐effects Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 Belching

3

1386

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.55 [2.78, 4.52]

9.2 Unpleasant taste

3

1354

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.17 [4.03, 9.44]

9.3 Nausea

3

1352

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.09 [0.74, 1.60]

9.4 Vomiting

2

1263

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.53, 1.69]

9.5 Stomach pain

2

477

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.55 [0.54, 4.41]

9.6 Diarrhoea

2

1251

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.68 [0.42, 1.12]

9.7 Constipation

1

1077

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.42 [0.08, 2.15]

9.8 Nasal bleeding

2

1506

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.71, 1.24]

10 Caesarean section Show forest plot

4

1119

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.06 [0.80, 1.41]

11 Length of labour (hours)

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

12 Blood loss at delivery (mls) Show forest plot

2

2009

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

13.20 [‐9.85, 36.25]

13 Vaginal blood loss after delivery Show forest plot

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.29 [0.49, 3.41]

14 Miscarriage (< 24 weeks) Show forest plot

1

1477

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.20, 2.45]

15 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks) Show forest plot

4

2802

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.46, 1.57]

16 Neonatal death Show forest plot

3

2303

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.41, 3.29]

17 Length of gestation (days) Show forest plot

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.55 [1.03, 4.07]

18 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) Show forest plot

5

1916

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.79, 1.07]

19 Early preterm birth (< 34 weeks) Show forest plot

2

860

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.49, 0.99]

20 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks) Show forest plot

2

1970

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.68 [0.77, 3.66]

21 Small‐for‐gestational age Show forest plot

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

22 Low birthweight (< 2500 g) Show forest plot

5

2302

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.88, 1.12]

23 Very low birthweight (< 1500 g)

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

24 Birthweight (gm) Show forest plot

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

47.24 [1.05, 93.44]

25 Birth length (cm) Show forest plot

2

824

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.13, 0.83]

26 Congenital malformation Show forest plot

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.60 [0.15, 2.49]

27 Baby admitted to neonatal care Show forest plot

2

2261

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.81, 1.09]

28 Baby's length of stay in hospital (days) Show forest plot

1

1970

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.32 [‐1.63, 0.99]

29 Neonatal morbidity ‐ bleeding disorders (eg IVH) Show forest plot

1

1974

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.39 [0.62, 9.22]

30 Neonatal morbidity ‐ non‐bleeding disorders (eg RDS) Show forest plot

1

75

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.5 [0.11, 59.46]

31 Childhood disability

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Prostagladin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ all women
Comparison 2. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria) Show forest plot

4

1683

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.59, 1.27]

1.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.4 [0.08, 1.97]

1.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

3

1583

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.61, 1.37]

2 Length of gestation (days) Show forest plot

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.55 [1.03, 4.07]

2.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.55 [1.03, 4.07]

3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) Show forest plot

5

1916

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.79, 1.07]

3.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

1

63

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.78 [0.35, 1.70]

3.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

4

1853

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.79, 1.09]

4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks) Show forest plot

2

1970

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.68 [0.77, 3.66]

4.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

2

1970

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.68 [0.77, 3.66]

5 Birthweight (gm) Show forest plot

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

47.24 [1.05, 93.44]

5.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

47.24 [1.05, 93.44]

6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g) Show forest plot

5

2302

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.89, 1.13]

6.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

2

163

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.60, 2.09]

6.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

3

2139

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.88, 1.13]

7 Small‐for‐gestational age Show forest plot

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

7.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks) Show forest plot

4

2802

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.46, 1.57]

8.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

1

63

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.91 [0.12, 68.81]

8.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

3

2739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [0.42, 1.51]

9 Neonatal death Show forest plot

3

2303

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.41, 3.29]

9.1 < 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

1

63

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.32 [0.04, 2.94]

9.2 = or > 16 weeks' gestation at trial entry

2

2240

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.91 [0.52, 7.00]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by gestation at trial entry
Comparison 3. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria) Show forest plot

4

1683

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.59, 1.28]

1.1 Singleton pregnancy

4

1186

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.67 [0.43, 1.04]

1.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

497

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.38 [0.93, 6.10]

2 Length of gestation (days) Show forest plot

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.58 [1.06, 4.10]

2.1 Singleton pregnancy

3

1052

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.03 [1.38, 4.68]

2.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

569

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐3.77, 3.97]

3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) Show forest plot

5

1916

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.78, 1.07]

3.1 Singleton pregnancy

5

1347

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.79 [0.61, 1.04]

3.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

569

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.84, 1.21]

4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks) Show forest plot

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.19 [0.73, 1.93]

4.1 Singleton pregnancy

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.19 [0.73, 1.93]

4.2 Multiple pregnancy

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Birthweight (gm) Show forest plot

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

47.99 [1.81, 94.18]

5.1 Singleton pregnancy

3

1318

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

72.11 [11.73, 132.50]

5.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

1122

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

14.0 [‐57.68, 85.68]

6 Birthweight < 2500 g Show forest plot

5

2302

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.99 [0.88, 1.12]

6.1 Singleton pregnancy

5

1180

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.77, 1.24]

6.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

1122

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.87, 1.15]

7 Small‐for‐gestational age Show forest plot

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

7.1 Singleton pregnancy

1

263

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.81, 1.69]

7.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

1111

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.93, 1.35]

8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks) Show forest plot

3

828

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.17, 3.41]

8.1 Singleton pregnancy

3

828

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.17, 3.41]

8.2 Multiple pregnancy

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

9 Neonatal death Show forest plot

3

2303

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.41, 3.29]

9.1 Singleton pregnancy

3

1724

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.32, 3.24]

9.2 Multiple pregnancy

1

579

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.01 [0.18, 22.01]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo ‐ subgroups by singleton or multiple pregnancy
Comparison 4. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria) Show forest plot

4

1683

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.59, 1.28]

1.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

3

1130

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.52, 1.98]

1.2 High risk at trial entry

2

553

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [0.50, 1.29]

2 Length of gestation (days) Show forest plot

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.58 [1.06, 4.10]

2.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

3

1393

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.23 [0.67, 3.80]

2.2 High risk at trial entry

1

228

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.5 [2.05, 14.95]

3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) Show forest plot

5

1916

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.78, 1.07]

3.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

3

1393

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.80, 1.13]

3.2 High risk at trial entry

3

523

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.60, 1.12]

4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks) Show forest plot

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.19 [0.73, 1.93]

4.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.19 [0.73, 1.93]

4.2 High risk at trial entry

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Birthweight (gm) Show forest plot

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

48.01 [1.81, 94.20]

5.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

3

1946

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

55.79 [4.83, 106.74]

5.2 High risk at trial entry

1

494

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

12.11 [‐97.34, 121.56]

6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g) Show forest plot

4

2202

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.89, 1.13]

6.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

2

1413

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.99 [0.87, 1.13]

6.3 High risk at trial entry

3

789

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.03 [0.80, 1.33]

7 Small‐for‐gestational age Show forest plot

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

7.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

1

1111

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.93, 1.35]

7.2 High risk at trial entry

1

263

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.81, 1.69]

8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks) Show forest plot

3

828

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.17, 3.41]

8.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

1

533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.06, 15.96]

8.2 High risk at trial entry

2

295

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.68 [0.11, 4.08]

9 Neonatal death Show forest plot

3

2303

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.41, 3.29]

9.1 Low/moderate risk at trial entry

1

579

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.01 [0.18, 22.01]

9.2 High risk at trial entry

3

1724

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.32, 3.24]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus none or placebo in singleton pregnancy ‐ subgroups by risk
Comparison 5. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pre‐eclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria) Show forest plot

4

1683

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.59, 1.27]

1.1 Fish oil

3

1583

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.61, 1.37]

1.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.4 [0.08, 1.97]

2 Length of gestation (days) Show forest plot

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.55 [1.01, 4.09]

2.1 Fish oil

3

1621

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.55 [1.01, 4.09]

2.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) Show forest plot

5

1916

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.79, 1.07]

3.1 Fish oil

5

1916

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.79, 1.07]

3.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Prolonged gestation (> 42 weeks) Show forest plot

2

1970

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.68 [0.77, 3.66]

4.1 Fish oil

2

1970

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.68 [0.77, 3.66]

4.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Birthweight (gm) Show forest plot

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

47.24 [1.05, 93.44]

5.1 Fish oil

3

2440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

47.24 [1.05, 93.44]

5.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Low birthweight (< 2500 g) Show forest plot

5

1180

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.77, 1.24]

6.1 Fish oil

4

1080

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.79, 1.28]

6.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.4 [0.08, 1.97]

7 Small‐for‐gestational age Show forest plot

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

7.1 Fish oil

1

1374

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.96, 1.34]

7.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Stillbirth (= or > 24 weeks) Show forest plot

4

2802

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.46, 1.57]

8.1 Fish oil

4

2802

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.46, 1.57]

8.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

9 Neonatal death Show forest plot

3

2303

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.41, 3.29]

9.1 Fish oil

3

2303

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.17 [0.41, 3.29]

9.2 Evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

9.3 Fish oil + evening primrose oil

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. Prostaglandin precursor supplementation versus placebo ‐ subgroups by type of supplement