Reading aids for adults with low vision

Gianni Virgili; Ruthy Acosta

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003303.pub2

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Electronic device (varous types of CCTV) versus optical device, Outcome 1 Reading speed (words per minute).

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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus head‐mounted electronic device (HMD), Outcome 1 Reading speed (words per minute).

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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus head‐mounted electronic device (HMD), Outcome 2 Reading acuity (logMAR).

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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus hand‐held electronic device (HHD), Outcome 1 Reading speed in words per minute (WPM).

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Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus hand‐held electronic device (HHD), Outcome 2 Reading duration in minutes.

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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Overlay coloured filters versus clear filter, Outcome 1 Reading speed (log10 words per minute).

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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles, Outcome 1 Reading speed in words per minute.

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Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles, Outcome 2 Reading acuity in logMAR.

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Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles, Outcome 3 Quality of life (NEI‐VFQ score).

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Table 1. Methodological quality of included studies

Study ID	Study design	Selection bias	Performance bias	Detection bias	Attrition bias	Period effect	Carry‐over effect
Stelmack 1991	Cross‐over	A	D	D	A	A	B
Spitzberg 1995	Cross‐over	C	D	D	A	B	B
Ortiz 1999	Cross‐over	B	D	D	A	B	B
Kleweno 2001	Cross‐over	C	D	D	A	B	B
Goodrich 2001	Cross‐over	B	D	D	A	B	B
Peterson 2003	Cross‐over	B	D	D	A	B	B
Eperjesi 2004	Cross‐over	A	D	D	A	A	B
Culham 2004	Cross‐over	B	D	D	A	A	B
Smith 2005	Parallel‐arm	A	A	A	A	NA	NA
A: adequate; B: unclear; C: inadequate; D: not used; NA: not applicable

Table 1. Methodological quality of included studies

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Comparison 1. Electronic device (varous types of CCTV) versus optical device

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Reading speed (words per minute) Show forest plot	2		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Stand‐mounted CCTV versus optical device	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Hand‐held CCTV versus optical device	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 Flipperport head‐mounted CCTV versus optical device	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.4 Jordy head‐mounted CCTV versus optical device	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.5 Maxport head‐mounted CCTV versus optical device	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.6 NuVision head‐mounted CCTV versus optical device	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 1. Electronic device (varous types of CCTV) versus optical device

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Comparison 2. Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus head‐mounted electronic device (HMD)

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Reading speed (words per minute) Show forest plot	2		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	4.18 [‐2.84, 11.20]

2 Reading acuity (logMAR) Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

Comparison 2. Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus head‐mounted electronic device (HMD)

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Comparison 3. Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus hand‐held electronic device (HHD)

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Reading speed in words per minute (WPM) Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

2 Reading duration in minutes Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

Comparison 3. Stand‐based closed‐circuit television (CCTV) versus hand‐held electronic device (HHD)

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Comparison 4. Overlay coloured filters versus clear filter

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Reading speed (log10 words per minute) Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Rose filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Pink filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 Yellow filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.4 Orange filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.5 Mint filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.6 Lime filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.7 Gray filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.8 Blue filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.9 Aqua filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.10 Purple filter	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 4. Overlay coloured filters versus clear filter

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Comparison 5. Prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Reading speed in words per minute Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Custom prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Standard prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Reading acuity in logMAR Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

2.1 Custom prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 Standard prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Quality of life (NEI‐VFQ score) Show forest plot	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

3.1 Custom prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.2 Standard prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles	1		Mean difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 5. Prism spectacles versus conventional spectacles

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