Tobacco cessation interventions for young people

Gill Grimshaw; Alan Stanton

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003289.pub4

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Figure 1

Forest plot of comparison: 3 Motivational enhancement vs brief interventions, cessation at 6 months or longer.

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Effect sizes for all studies with extractable data, Outcome 1 Subgroups by abstinence definition.

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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Effect sizes for all studies with extractable data, Outcome 2 New studies in 2009.

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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 TTM vs standard care or dietary advice, Outcome 1 Cessation at 1 year.

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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 TTM vs standard care or dietary advice, Outcome 2 Cessation at 2 years.

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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Motivational enhancement vs brief interventions, Outcome 1 Cessation at 6 months or longer.

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Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Motivational enhancement vs brief interventions, Outcome 2 Complex interventions including Motivational Interviewing.

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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Interventions including Cognitive Behavioural Techniques, Outcome 1 Cessation at 6 months or longer.

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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 NoT vs brief interventions, Outcome 1 Cessation at 6 months or longer.

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Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Pharmacological interventions, Outcome 1 Point prevalence abstinence at six months.

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Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Web‐based interventions, Outcome 1 30 day PPA at 6 months.

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Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7 Web‐based interventions, Outcome 2 7 day ppa at 12 months.

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Analysis 7.3

Comparison 7 Web‐based interventions, Outcome 3 30 day abstinence at 12m.

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Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 Complex interventions using M I, Social cognitive theory, CBT or/and TTM, Outcome 1 Biochemically verified 6 month continuous abstinence.

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Analysis 8.2

Comparison 8 Complex interventions using M I, Social cognitive theory, CBT or/and TTM, Outcome 2 6 month continuous cessation.

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Analysis 8.3

Comparison 8 Complex interventions using M I, Social cognitive theory, CBT or/and TTM, Outcome 3 Cessation at 6 months, ≧ 7days ppa.

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Analysis 9.1

Comparison 9 Russell Standards, Outcome 1 Biochemically verified 6 month continuous abstinence.

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Comparison 1. Effect sizes for all studies with extractable data

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Subgroups by abstinence definition Show forest plot	23		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Sustained or prolonged abstinence	4		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 30 day point prevalence abstinence	5		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 7 day point prevalence abstinence	11		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.4 Other abstinence measure	8		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 New studies in 2009 Show forest plot	8		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

Comparison 1. Effect sizes for all studies with extractable data

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Comparison 2. TTM vs standard care or dietary advice

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Cessation at 1 year Show forest plot	2	1537	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.70 [1.25, 2.33]

2 Cessation at 2 years Show forest plot	2	1537	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.99, 1.92]

Comparison 2. TTM vs standard care or dietary advice

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Comparison 3. Motivational enhancement vs brief interventions

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Cessation at 6 months or longer Show forest plot	11	2503	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.70 [1.31, 2.20]

2 Complex interventions including Motivational Interviewing Show forest plot	5	1419	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.93 [1.28, 2.90]

Comparison 3. Motivational enhancement vs brief interventions

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Comparison 4. Interventions including Cognitive Behavioural Techniques

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Cessation at 6 months or longer Show forest plot	8		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

Comparison 4. Interventions including Cognitive Behavioural Techniques

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Comparison 5. NoT vs brief interventions

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Cessation at 6 months or longer Show forest plot	4	1073	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.77 [1.00, 3.11]

Comparison 5. NoT vs brief interventions

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Comparison 6. Pharmacological interventions

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Point prevalence abstinence at six months Show forest plot	3		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Nicotine patch + bupropion versus nicotine patch + placebo	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Nicotine patch versus placebo	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 Nicotine gum versus placebo	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.4 Bupropion vs placebo	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 6. Pharmacological interventions

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Comparison 7. Web‐based interventions

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 30 day PPA at 6 months Show forest plot	1	139	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.12, 1.38]

2 7 day ppa at 12 months Show forest plot	2	1225	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.30 [0.92, 1.85]

3 30 day abstinence at 12m Show forest plot	1	448	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.04 [1.24, 3.35]

Comparison 7. Web‐based interventions

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Comparison 8. Complex interventions using M I, Social cognitive theory, CBT or/and TTM

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Biochemically verified 6 month continuous abstinence Show forest plot	2	456	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.76, 1.96]

2 6 month continuous cessation Show forest plot	2	836	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.79 [1.04, 3.09]

3 Cessation at 6 months, ≧ 7days ppa Show forest plot	1	402	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.69, 1.83]

Comparison 8. Complex interventions using M I, Social cognitive theory, CBT or/and TTM

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Comparison 9. Russell Standards

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Biochemically verified 6 month continuous abstinence Show forest plot	2	456	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.76, 1.96]

Comparison 9. Russell Standards

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