Naftidrofuryl for dementia

DongHao Lu; Huan Song; Zilong Hao; Taixiang Wu; Jenny McCleery

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002955.pub4

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Figure 1

Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Figure 2

Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.

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Figure 3

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Naftidrofuryl vs. placebo for all included studies, outcome: 1.15 Adverse events.

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Figure 4

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Naftidrofuryl vs. placebo for all included studies, outcome: 1.3 Functional performance and behaviour: change from baseline.

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Figure 5

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Naftidrofuryl vs. placebo for all included studies, outcome: 1.4 Mood.

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Figure 6

Forest plot of comparison: 3 Naftidrofuryl vs. placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, outcome: 3.3 Cognition.

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 1 Global impression (SCAG).

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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 2 Global impression (CGI).

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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 3 Adverse events.

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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 4 Functional performance and behaviour.

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Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 5 Mood.

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Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 6 Mood: change from baseline.

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Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 7 Cognition.

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Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 8 Cognition: EACG, change from baseline.

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Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 9 Cognition (ADAS‐Cog, dichotomous data).

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Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 10 Combination scales: SCAG, change from baseline.

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Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 11 Combination scales: SCAG, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 12 Combination scales (GBS).

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Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 13 Combination scales (BDRS).

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Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 14 Combination scales: NOSGER, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies, Outcome 15 Death.

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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease, Outcome 1 Adverse events.

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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease, Outcome 2 Mood.

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Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease, Outcome 3 Cognition (EST).

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Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease, Outcome 4 Combination scales: GBS.

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Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease, Outcome 5 Combination scales: BDRS.

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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 1 Global impression (CGI).

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Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 2 Adverse events.

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Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 3 Mood (Depressive scale).

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Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 4 Cognition.

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Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 5 Cognition: ADAS‐Cog, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 6 Combination scales: NOSGER, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 7 Combination scales: SCAG, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 3.8

Comparison 3 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia, Outcome 8 Death.

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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 1 Global impression: change from baseline.

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Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 2 Adverse events.

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Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 3 Functional performance and behaviour: change from baseline.

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Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 4 Mood (EACG, change from baseline).

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Analysis 4.5

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 5 Cognition (EACG, change from baseline).

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Analysis 4.6

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 6 Combination scales (SCAG).

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Analysis 4.7

Comparison 4 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia, Outcome 7 Death.

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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 1 Global impression (SCAG).

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Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 2 Adverse events.

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Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 3 Functional performance and behaviour: change from baseline.

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Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 4 Mood (Depressive scale).

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Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 5 Mood (EACG, change from baseline).

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Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 6 Cognition (EST).

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Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 7 Cognition (EACG change from baseline).

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Analysis 5.8

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 8 Combination scales (SCAG).

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Analysis 5.9

Comparison 5 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies, Outcome 9 Death.

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Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 1 Global impression (CGI, continuous data).

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Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 2 Adverse effects.

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Analysis 6.3

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 3 Mood (HRSD).

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Analysis 6.4

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 4 Cognition (ADAS‐Cog, continuous data).

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Analysis 6.5

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 5 Cognition (ADAS‐Cog, dichotomous data).

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Analysis 6.6

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 6 Combination scales: GBS.

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Analysis 6.7

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 7 Combination scales: BDRS.

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Analysis 6.8

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 8 Combination scales: SCAG, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 6.9

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 9 Combination scales: NOSGER, dichotomous data.

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Analysis 6.10

Comparison 6 Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies, Outcome 10 Death.

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Table 1. Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants and the active treatment regimens in the included studies

Study	Number randomised	Diagnosis	Severity of disease	Mean age (SD)	% female	Active Rx	duration (months)
Branconnier 1977	60	senile organic brain syndrome	mild	Active: 69.7 (6.2) Control: 68.5 (5.4)	45.0	300 mg/day	3
Cohn 1984	75	senile dementia	moderate	75	not reported	400 mg/day	3
Cox 1981	32	senile dementia	mild to moderate	Active: 82.6 (5.7) Control: 80.9 (6.4)	18.8	300 mg/day plus daily multi‐vitamin preparation and potassium 600mg t.i.d.	2
Cucinotta 1987	30	SDAT	mild	Active: 82.6 (5.7) Control: 80.9 (6.4)	66.7	600 mg/day	12
Emeriau 2000	96	VD and MD	mild to moderate	Active: 77 (5.7) Control: 76.5 (6.3)	79.8	600 mg/day	12
Gottschalk 1980	38	dementia	moderate to severe	76	57.9	400 mg/day	3
Grossmann 1990	60	SDAT (47%) MID (24%) MD (29%)	mild to moderate	Active: 77.8 (5.3) Control: 77.3 (6.3)	60.8	600 mg/day	2
Möller 2001	378	VD or MD	mild to severe	Active 1: 71.5 (7.7) Active 2: 70.6 (8.2) Control: 72 (8.0)	54.6	Active 1: 600 mg/day Active 2: 400 mg/day	6
Saldmann 1991	78	senile dementia	mild to moderate	Active: 77.1 (4.6) Control: 78.9 (5.4)	84.8	400 mg/day	3
Abbreviations: MD = mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia; MID = multi‐infarct dementia; Rx = treatment; SDAT= Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type; t.i.d. = three times daily; VD = vascular dementia.

Table 1. Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants and the active treatment regimens in the included studies

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Table 2. The rating scales used in included trials

Study	SCAG/EACG	CGI	ADAS‐Cog	MMSE	NOSGER	SGRS	BDRS	CBRS	Others
Branconnier 1977		√							Neuropsychology test
Cohn 1984	√
Cox 1981								√
Cucinotta 1987							√		GBS, HRSD
Emeriau 2000			√	√
Gottschalk 1980									GCIS
Grossmann 1990									EST, Depressiveness Scale
Israel 1989a									Psychometric tests
Möller 2001	√	√	√		√
Saldmann 1991	√					√			Psychometric tests
Abbreviations: ADAS‐Cog= The cognitive part of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale; BDRS= Blessed Dementia Rating Scale; CBRS= Crichton Behavioural Rating Scale; CGI= Clinical Global Impression; EACG= Echelle d'Appreciation Clinique en Geriatrie, French version of SCAG; EST= Erzigkeit's Short Syndrome test; HRSD= Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; GBS= Gottfries‐Brane‐Steen Scale; GCIS= Gottschalk Cognitive Impairment Scale; MMSE= Mini Mental State Examination; NOSGER= Nurse's Observational Scale for Geriatric Patients; SCAG= Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale; SGRS= Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale;

Table 2. The rating scales used in included trials

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Comparison 1. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global impression (SCAG) Show forest plot	1	47	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.7 [0.07, 5.33]

2 Global impression (CGI) Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.83 [1.16, 2.91]

3 Adverse events Show forest plot	6	615	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.63, 1.60]

4 Functional performance and behaviour Show forest plot	2	96	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.04 [‐1.73, ‐0.35]

4.1 CBRS	1	30	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.47 [‐2.29, ‐0.65]
4.2 SGRS	1	66	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.75 [‐1.25, ‐0.25]
5 Mood Show forest plot	2	81	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.80 [‐1.26, ‐0.34]

5.1 HRSD	1	30	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.03 [‐1.80, ‐0.26]
5.2 Depressive Scale	1	51	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.67 [‐1.24, ‐0.10]
6 Mood: change from baseline Show forest plot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.73, ‐0.07]

7 Cognition Show forest plot	2	135	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐0.71, ‐0.02]

7.1 ADAS‐Cog	1	84	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.48 [‐0.92, ‐0.05]
7.2 EST	1	51	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.17 [‐0.72, 0.38]
8 Cognition: EACG, change from baseline Show forest plot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.45 [‐2.15, ‐0.75]

9 Cognition (ADAS‐Cog, dichotomous data) Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.46 [1.46, 4.14]

10 Combination scales: SCAG, change from baseline Show forest plot	1	47	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.03, 1.97]

11 Combination scales: SCAG, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.83 [1.68, 4.78]

12 Combination scales (GBS) Show forest plot	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.40 [‐9.29, 12.09]

13 Combination scales (BDRS) Show forest plot	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐1.47, 3.27]

14 Combination scales: NOSGER, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.54 [0.98, 2.42]

15 Death Show forest plot	3	499	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.34, 3.72]

Comparison 1. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for all included studies

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Comparison 2. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Adverse events Show forest plot	1	60	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.45, 4.17]

2 Mood Show forest plot	2	54	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.82 [‐1.38, ‐0.25]

3 Cognition (EST) Show forest plot	1	24	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.30 [‐3.99, 4.59]

4 Combination scales: GBS Show forest plot	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.40 [‐9.29, 12.09]

5 Combination scales: BDRS Show forest plot	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐1.47, 3.27]

Comparison 2. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for Alzheimer's disease

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Comparison 3. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global impression (CGI) Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.83 [1.15, 2.91]

1.1 400mg/day	1	172	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.08 [1.08, 4.03]
1.2 600mg/day	1	167	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.62 [0.85, 3.10]
2 Adverse events Show forest plot	3	460	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.49, 1.45]

3 Mood (Depressive scale) Show forest plot	1	27	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐7.80 [‐14.90, ‐0.70]

4 Cognition Show forest plot	2	111	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.46 [‐0.84, ‐0.08]

4.1 ADAS‐Cog	1	84	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.48 [‐0.92, ‐0.05]
4.2 EST	1	27	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.39 [‐1.15, 0.38]
5 Cognition: ADAS‐Cog, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	278	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.44 [1.36, 4.35]

5.1 400mg/day	1	140	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.67 [1.16, 6.11]
5.2 600mg/day	1	138	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.24 [0.99, 5.04]
6 Combination scales: NOSGER, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.54 [0.98, 2.41]

6.1 400 mg/day	1	172	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.63 [0.86, 3.09]
6.2 600 mg/day	1	167	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.45 [0.77, 2.74]
7 Combination scales: SCAG, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.83 [1.68, 4.78]

7.1 400 mg/day	1	172	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.71 [1.29, 5.66]
7.2 600 mg/day	1	167	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.96 [1.41, 6.22]
8 Death Show forest plot	2	433	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.32, 4.46]

Comparison 3. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for vascular dementia and mixed dementia

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Comparison 4. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global impression: change from baseline Show forest plot	1	47	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.7 [0.07, 5.33]

2 Adverse events Show forest plot	3	122	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.31 [0.72, 15.31]

3 Functional performance and behaviour: change from baseline Show forest plot	2	96	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.04 [‐1.73, ‐0.35]

3.1 CBRS	1	30	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.47 [‐2.29, ‐0.65]
3.2 SGRS	1	66	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.75 [‐1.25, ‐0.25]
4 Mood (EACG, change from baseline) Show forest plot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.73, ‐0.07]

5 Cognition (EACG, change from baseline) Show forest plot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.45 [‐2.15, ‐0.75]

6 Combination scales (SCAG) Show forest plot	1	47	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.03, 1.97]

7 Death Show forest plot	1	66	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.05, 14.73]

Comparison 4. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for unspecified dementia

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Comparison 5. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global impression (SCAG) Show forest plot	1	47	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.7 [0.07, 5.33]

2 Adverse events Show forest plot	4	182	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.90 [0.78, 4.59]

3 Functional performance and behaviour: change from baseline Show forest plot	2	82	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.81 [‐1.28, ‐0.34]

3.1 CBRS	1	16	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.23 [‐2.58, 0.12]
3.2 SGRS	1	66	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.75 [‐1.25, ‐0.25]
4 Mood (Depressive scale) Show forest plot	1	51	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐5.5 [‐9.82, ‐1.18]

5 Mood (EACG, change from baseline) Show forest plot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.73, ‐0.07]

6 Cognition (EST) Show forest plot	1	51	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐3.84, 2.04]

7 Cognition (EACG change from baseline) Show forest plot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.45 [‐2.15, ‐0.75]

8 Combination scales (SCAG) Show forest plot	1	47	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.03, 1.97]

9 Death Show forest plot	1	66	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.05, 14.73]

Comparison 5. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 2 to 3 months studies

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Comparison 6. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global impression (CGI, continuous data) Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.83 [1.16, 2.91]

2 Adverse effects Show forest plot	2	433	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.43, 1.34]

3 Mood (HRSD) Show forest plot	1	30	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.03 [‐1.80, ‐0.26]

4 Cognition (ADAS‐Cog, continuous data) Show forest plot	1	84	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.48 [‐0.92, ‐0.05]

5 Cognition (ADAS‐Cog, dichotomous data) Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.46 [1.46, 4.14]

6 Combination scales: GBS Show forest plot	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.40 [‐9.29, 12.09]

7 Combination scales: BDRS Show forest plot	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐1.47, 3.27]

8 Combination scales: SCAG, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.83 [1.68, 4.78]

9 Combination scales: NOSGER, dichotomous data Show forest plot	1	339	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.54 [0.98, 2.42]

10 Death Show forest plot	2	433	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.32, 4.46]

Comparison 6. Naftidrofuryl versus placebo for dementia, all 6 to 12 months studies

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