1 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 1 year

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 3 years

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Non‐union (fixation failure) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 1 year

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 3 years

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Avascular necrosis Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 1 year

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 3 years

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Unfavourable outcome (death, failure or infection) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 1 year

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 3 years

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1 Adductor muscle strength (kp) at 9 weeks Show forest plot

1

87

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.20 [‐0.79, 3.19]

1.1 Prosthesis

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.80 [‐1.15, 4.75]

1.2 Internal fixation

1

48

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.00, 3.40]

2 Orthopaedic complication (as reason for withdrawal from trial) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Length of hospital stay (days) Show forest plot

1

87

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.76 [‐11.92, 6.40]

3.1 Prosthesis

1

39

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.10 [‐14.74, 10.54]

3.2 Internal fixation

1

48

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.5 [‐16.80, 9.80]

4 Withdrawal from trial by patient Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5 Non‐completion of training programme Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Unable to walk at all or without two sticks or a frame Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Unable to walk at all

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Unable to walk unaided or with one stick alone

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Unable to do a lateral step‐up unsupported or with one hand alone Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Fractured leg

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Non‐fractured leg

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 Velocity (m/sec)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 Steps per second

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Physical Performance and Mobility Examination score (0:failure to 12:top score) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5 Strength measures (newtons) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Hip abduction fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Hip abduction non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Hip flexion fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.4 Hip flexion non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.5 Knee extension fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.6 Knee extension non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Balance Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Functional reach distance (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 Step test fractured leg (reps)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Step test non‐fractured leg (reps)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Subjective rating of pain, fall risk, balance, sleep quality and general health Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Serious activity‐inhibiting pain

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Considered themselves as at moderate or high risk of falling

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.3 Unsteady balance

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.4 Sleep quality: 'OK' at most

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.5 Only good or worse general health

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Fracture fixation problems Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9 Total length of stay in hospital (days) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

10 Participant's perception of exercise programmes Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

10.1 Had difficulty with exercises

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10.2 Experienced moderate or marked pain during exercise

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10.3 Exercises not considered even of moderate usefulness

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1 Leg extensor power (watts) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Fractured leg at 6 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Non‐fractured leg at 6 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Fractured leg at 16 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Non‐fractured leg at 16 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Failure to regain pre‐fracture mobility Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Gait velocity (metres/minute) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Failure to regain pre‐fracture mobility Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 At 7 weeks

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 At 13 weeks

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Unable to 'tandem stand' (postural instability) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 At 7 weeks

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 At 13 weeks

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Gait velocity (walking speed over 15.25 metres) (metres/second) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 At 7 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 At 13 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Leg extensor power (watts/kilogram) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Fractured leg at 7 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Non‐fractured leg at 7 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 Fractured leg at 13 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.4 Non‐fractured leg at 13 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Pain (6 point scale: 6 = constant severe pain) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 At 7 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 At 13 weeks

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Walking velocity (m/sec)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Box step fractured leg (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Box step non‐fractured leg (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Tinetti's POMA (Performance orientated mobility assessment) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Overall POMA (0 to 30. higher = better)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 POMA part 1 (balance: 0 to 15)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 POMA part 2 (gait: 0 to 15)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Loss of social independence Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Functional performance measures Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Barthel's ADL (activities of daily living) (0 to 100: fully independent)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Lawton's IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) (0 to 8: fully competent)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 Total activity

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.4 'Sports' activities

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.5 Household activities

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Functional performance tests Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Timed up‐and‐go (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Chair rise (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Stair rise (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Strength measures Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Leg‐press fractured side (kg)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 Leg‐press non‐fractured side (kg)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Leg extensor fractured side (Newtons)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.4 Leg extensor fractured side (Newtons)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.5 Leg flexor fractured side (Newtons)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.6 Leg flexor non‐fractured side (Newtons)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.7 Ankle plantar flexion fractured side (Newtons)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.8 Ankle plantar flexion non‐fractured side (Newtons)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.9 Hand grip both hands (KPa)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Balance Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Balance score (0 to 20 (20 successful tests))

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Functional reach (cm)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Subjective/emotional state assessment, falls, balance and general Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

8.1 Fall Handicap Inventory (0 to 72: highest disability)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8.2 Fear of falling

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8.3 Walking unsteadiness

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8.4 Geriatric Depression Scale (0 to 30: very depressed)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

9 Adherence Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Mobility Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Cannot walk indoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Cannot walk outdoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Does not walk for exercise

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Unable to walk 800m

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.5 Unable to climb flight of stairs

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.6 Unable to do heavy housework

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.7 Does not participate in sports

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Time to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Time to walk 6m at a fast pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.4 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Physical Performance and Mobility Examination score (0:failure to 12:top score) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Functional performance tests Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Timed sit‐to‐stand x5 (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Timed supine‐to‐sit (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Strength measures (newtons) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Hip abduction fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Hip abduction non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Hip flexion fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.4 Hip flexion non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.5 Knee extension fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.6 Knee extension non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Balance Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Step test fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 Step test non‐fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Functional reach (cm) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.4 Sway distance floor (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.5 Sway distance foam (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Subjective rating of pain, fall risk, balance, sleep quality and general health Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Moderate or worse pain

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Considered themselves as at moderate or high risk of falling

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.3 Unsteady balance

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.4 Sleep quality: not good

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.5 Only good or worse general health

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Fell at least once during intervention period (4 months) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Mobility Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Cannot walk indoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Cannot walk outdoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Does not walk for exercise

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Unable to walk 800m

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.5 Unable to climb flight of stairs

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.6 Unable to do heavy housework

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.7 Does not participate in sports

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Time to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Time to walk 6m at a fast pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.4 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Physical Performance and Mobility Examination score (0:failure to 12:top score) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Functional performance tests Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Timed sit‐to‐stand x5 (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Timed supine‐to‐sit (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Strength measures (newtons) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Hip abduction fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Hip abduction non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Hip flexion fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.4 Hip flexion non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.5 Knee extension fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.6 Knee extension non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Balance Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Step test fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 Step test non‐fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Functional reach (cm) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.4 Sway distance floor (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.5 Sway distance foam (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Subjective rating of pain, fall risk, balance, sleep quality and general health Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Moderate or worse pain

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Considered themselves as at moderate or high risk of falling

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.3 Unsteady balance

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.4 Sleep quality: not good

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.5 Only good or worse general health

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Fell at least once during intervention period (4 months) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Mobility Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Cannot walk indoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Cannot walk outdoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Does not walk for exercise

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Unable to walk 800m

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.5 Unable to climb flight of stairs

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.6 Unable to do heavy housework

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.7 Does not participate in sports

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Time to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Time to walk 6m at a fast pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.4 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Physical Performance and Mobility Examination score (0:failure to 12:top score) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Functional performance tests Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Timed sit‐to‐stand x5 (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Timed supine‐to‐sit (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Strength measures (newtons) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Hip abduction fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Hip abduction non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Hip flexion fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.4 Hip flexion non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.5 Knee extension fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.6 Knee extension non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Balance Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Step test fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 Step test non‐fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Functional reach (cm) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.4 Sway distance floor (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.5 Sway distance foam (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Subjective rating of pain, fall risk, balance, sleep quality and general health Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Moderate or worse pain

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Considered themselves as at moderate or high risk of falling

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.3 Unsteady balance

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.4 Sleep quality: not good

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.5 Only good or worse general health

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Fell at least once during intervention period (4 months) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1 Mobility Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Cannot walk indoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Cannot walk outdoors unaided

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Does not walk for exercise

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Unable to walk 800m

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.5 Unable to climb flight of stairs

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.6 Unable to do heavy housework

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.7 Does not participate in sports

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Time to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours weight‐bear: Favours non‐w‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours non‐w‐bear: Favours weight‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Time to walk 6m at a fast pace (s) (Effect direction: Favours weight‐bear: Favours non‐w‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.4 Steps taken to walk 6m at a comfortable pace (Effect direction: Favours non‐w‐bear: Favours weight‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Physical Performance and Mobility Examination score (0:failure to 12:top score) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Functional performance tests Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Timed sit‐to‐stand x5 (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Timed supine‐to‐sit (seconds)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Strength measures (newtons) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Hip abduction fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Hip abduction non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.3 Hip flexion fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.4 Hip flexion non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.5 Knee extension fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.6 Knee extension non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Balance Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Step test fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours non‐w‐bear: Favours weight‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 Step test non‐fractured leg (steps) (Effect direction: Favours non‐w‐bear: Favours weigh‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.3 Functional reach (cm) (Effect direction: Favours non‐w‐bear: Favours weight‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.4 Sway distance floor (mm) (Effect direction: Favours weight‐bear: Favours non‐w‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.5 Sway distance foam (mm) (Effect direction: Favours weight‐bear: Favours non‐w‐bear)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Subjective rating of pain, fall risk, balance, sleep quality and general health Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Moderate or worse pain

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Considered themselves as at moderate or high risk of falling

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.3 Unsteady balance

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.4 Sleep quality: not good

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.5 Only good or worse general health

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Fell at least once during intervention period (4 months) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

10 Participant's participation in and perception of exercise programmes Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

10.1 Had difficulty with exercises

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10.2 Experienced moderate or marked pain during exercise

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10.3 Exercises not considered even of moderate usefulness

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10.4 Had stopped exercises altogether (by 4 months)

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10.5 Exercises done less than 3 times weekly or not at all (by 4 months)

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1 Inability to perform weight‐bearing test without hand support Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Use of 5.5 cm block: fractured leg

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Use of 5.5 cm block: non‐fractured leg

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Use of 10.5 cm block: fractured leg

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Use of 10.5 cm block: fractured leg

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Gait parameters Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Velocity (m/sec)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Cadence: steps/minute

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Strength (kg) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 Quadriceps fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.2 Quadriceps non‐fractured leg

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Balance (postural control) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Sway on floor (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Sway on foam (mm) (Effect direction: Favours exercises: Favours control)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.3 Functional reach (cm) (Effect direction: Favours control: Favours exercises)

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Subjective rating of balance and fall risk Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 Balance: not always steady

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5.2 Self‐perceived moderate or high risk of fall

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]