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Comparison 1 Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights, Outcome 1 Global jet‐lag ratings.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights, Outcome 1 Global jet‐lag ratings.

Comparison 2 Melatonin versus placebo: Westward flights, Outcome 2 Global jet lag ratings: Westward flights.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Melatonin versus placebo: Westward flights, Outcome 2 Global jet lag ratings: Westward flights.

Comparison 3 Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights, Outcome 1 Proportion of people with jet lag score >60.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights, Outcome 1 Proportion of people with jet lag score >60.

Table 1. Jet lag scores after eastward and westward flights (weighted means)

Direction

n Melatonin

n Placebo

eastward

70 30.9

72 50.7

westward

46 22.3

44 40.6

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Jet lag scores after eastward and westward flights (weighted means)
Table 2. Single case reports of possible adverse effects reported in cases outside RCTs

Case no/ Ref

Effects and comment

Days use

Sex / Age

BRAIN

1 Force 97

transient psychotic episode [possible overdose]

?

F 73

2 Dalton 00

mixed affective state in depressed woman ‐ withdrawn from clinical trial of M for insomnia

7 d

F

3 11 NZ

hallucination, paranoia ‐ recovered on stopping

2 d

M ?

4 10 US

confusion, insomnia, tachycardia, abnormal thinking. Recurred on rechallenge

1 d

F 38

5 07 US

ataxia, dizziness, headache. "recovered with sequelae"

4 d

F 81

6 29 US

headache, hypertonia, tremor ‐ improved on stopping. [was also taking unspecified vitamins]

5 d

F 28

7 35 US

paraesthesia, tachycardia ‐ improved on stopping

1 d

F 41

8 Ellis 96

headache, odd taste in mouth ‐ reported during clinical trial of M for insomnia [2 patients?]

7 d

??

9* Sheldon 98

convulsant effects in 4 of 6 severely neurologically disabled children with seizures, treated with M for sleep disorders

14 d

7months; 7, 8 & 9 yr

10 40 US

convulsion ‐ recurrence when medication was continued

?

M 40

BLOOD CLOTTING

11* 08 US

eye haemorrhage, purpura, prothrombin decreased ‐ suspected interaction with warfarin Rpt no 1662336

8 d

M 84

12* 09 US

nosebleed, prothrombin decreased ‐ suspected interaction with warfarin Rpt no 1662340

5 d

F 51

13* 21 US

prothrombin increased ‐ suspected interaction with warfarin. Was taking M 10mg daily Rpt no 1778615

?

M 48

14* 24 US

prothrombin increased ‐ suspected interaction with warfarin. Also taking digoxin, frusemide, diclofenac Rpt no 1819407

?

F 72

15* 26 US

prothrombin increased ‐ suspected interaction with warfarin. Rpt no 1854486

?

??

16* 27 US

prothrombin decreased ‐ suspected interaction with warfarin. Rpt no 1854493

?

M 61

CARDIOVASCULAR

17 16 US

ventricular arrhythmia

?

?F

18 41 AUS

chest pain, dyspnoea, fatigue, atrial fibrillation, paresis ‐ recovered, no sequelae

1 d

F 58

19 47 CAN

tachycardia

?

F ?

20 05 US

arrhythmia, tachycardia, dizziness, paraesthesia ‐ also on nicotine, pyridoxine

8 d

F 46

21 06 US

angina, palpitation, hypotension ‐ also on vitamins, oestrogen, testosterone

?

F 46

22 13 US

chest pain, dyspnoea ‐ also on thyroxine

?

M 45

23 37 US

fatigue, syncope

1 d

F 63

SKIN

24/25* Bardazzi 98 IT

fixed drug eruption in 2 men: erythemato‐vesicular plaques on the penis, appearing 6‐8 hr after rechallenge, disappearing within 10 d

few d

M 35 & 42

Figuras y tablas -
Table 2. Single case reports of possible adverse effects reported in cases outside RCTs
Comparison 1. Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Global jet‐lag ratings Show forest plot

4

142

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐19.52 [‐28.13, ‐10.92]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights
Comparison 2. Melatonin versus placebo: Westward flights

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

2 Global jet lag ratings: Westward flights Show forest plot

2

90

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐17.27 [‐27.28, ‐7.26]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Melatonin versus placebo: Westward flights
Comparison 3. Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Proportion of people with jet lag score >60 Show forest plot

2

47

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.50 [‐0.74, ‐0.25]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Melatonin versus placebo: Eastward flights