Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

Ruth G Jepson; Gabrielle Williams; Jonathan C Craig

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5

Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Contenido relacionado

Ir a:

Revisiones y protocolos relacionados
Podcasts
Guías
Temas

Revisiones y protocolos relacionados

Topics

Temas

Figure 1

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Figure 2

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Cranberry products versus placebo/control, Outcome 1 Participants with one or more UTIs at follow‐up.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Cranberry products versus placebo/control, Outcome 2 Adverse effects.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Cranberry products versus antibiotics, Outcome 1 Repeat symptomatic UTI.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Cranberry products versus antibiotics, Outcome 2 Adverse effects.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Cranberry dose: 2 or more/day versus 1 dose/day, Outcome 1 Symptomatic UTI.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Cranberry dose: 2 or more/day versus 1 dose/day, Outcome 2 Adverse effects.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Cranberry (dose: ≥ 2/day) versus placebo, Outcome 1 Symptomatic UTI.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Cranberry (dose: ≥ 2/day) versus placebo, Outcome 2 Adverse effects.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Cranberry products versus methenamine hippurate, Outcome 1 Symptomatic UTI.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Cranberry versus probiotics, Outcome 1 Symptomatic UTI.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Table 1. Characteristics of studies

Stduy name	Year	N	Country	Setting	Participants	Intervention
Avorn 1994	1994	192	USA	Nursing homes	Elderly women, mean age 78.5 years	Cranberry juice cocktail: 300 mL/d (30% cranberry concentrate) Placebo beverage PAC content: NS
Haverkorn 1994	1994	38	Netherlands	Hospital	Elderly men (9) and women (29), mean age 81 years	Cranberry juice: 15 mL, twice a day (30 mL cranberry juice/d, concentration not specified) PAC content: NS
Foda 1995	1995	40	Canada	Hospital clinic	Children with neuropathic bladder requiring clean intermittent catheterisation, mean age 9.35 years	Cranberry juice cocktail: 15 mL/kg/d (30% cranberry concentrate) 3‐4 times a day PAC content: NS
Walker 1997	1997	19	USA	Family practice	Young women with recurrent UTI, median age 37 years	Cranberry capsules: 400 mg of cranberry solids (total amount/d: NS) PAC content: NS
Schlager 1999	1999	15	USA	Hospital clinic	Children with neuropathic bladder requiring clean intermittent catheterisation, aged 2‐18 years	Cranberry juice cocktail: 300 mL/d (30% cranberry concentrate) PAC content: NS
Kontiokari 2001	2001	150	Finland	Student health service	Young women (mean age 29‐32 years) with previous UTI	Cranberry‐lingonberry juice: 50 mL once/d, 5 days/week (7.5 g cranberry concentrate) PAC content: NS
McGuiness 2002	2002	135	Canada	Outpatient clinic for MS patients	Patinets with multiple sclerosis	Cranberry tablet: 8000 mg, once/d (am) for 6 months PAC content: NS
Stothers 2002	2002	150	Canada	Unclear	Women with recurrent UTI (aged 21‐72 years)	Cranberry juice: 250 mL three times/d or one concentrated cranberry juice tablet twice daily (dose NS apart from 'at least 1:30 parts concentrated juice) PAC content: NS (study authors did not know if the product contained active PAC or not)
Linsenmeyer 2004	2004	21	USA	Urology rehabilitation clinic	Spinal cord injury patients with neuropathic bladders	Cranberry tablets: 1200 mg/d (3 x 400 mg tablets) PAC content: NS
Waites 2004	2004	48	USA	Hospital clinic	Spinal cord injury patients with neuropathic bladders	Cranberry juice capsule: 2000 mg/d PAC content: NS
McMurdo 2005	2005	376	Scotland	Hospital	Elderly inpatients	Cranberry juice: 300 mL once/d PAC concentration: 11.175 µg/g (dry solids basis)
Lee 2007	2007	305	Australia	Community	Spinal cord injury patients	Cranberry tablets: 1600 mg/d Methenamine hippurate tablet: 2 mg PAC content: NS
Wing 2008	2008	115	USA	Pre‐natal clinic	Pregnant women	Cranberry juice ‐ Group 2: 240 mL cranberry drink at breakfast, placebo juice at other meals ‐ Group 3: 240 mL cranberry juice 3 times/d (dosage changed throughout) Mean PAC content: 80 mg/240 mL
Hess 2008	2008	47	USA	SpInal cord injury patients in Veterans Admin Hospital	Spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic bladders	Cranberry tablet: 1000 mg/d (500 mg tablet) PAC concentration: NS
Ferrara 2009	2009	80	Italy	Paediatric nephrology ambulatory clinic	Girls with > 1 UTI in past year	Cranberry concentrate, 50 mL in 50 mL water Lactobacillus GG drink: 100 mL PAC content: NS
McMurdo 2009	2009	137	UK	Scottish primary care research network	Women ≥ 45 years with ≥ 2 UTIs in the previous 12 months	Cranberry tablet: 500 mg Antibiotic: 100 mg TMP PAC content: NS
Essadi 2010	2010	544	Unsure	Antenatal clinic	Pregnant women	Cranberry juice: 250 mL, 4 times/d PAC content: NS
PACS Study 2008	2010	56	USA	Nursing home	Elderly men and women (> 60 years) with dementia	Cranberry tablet: 1 x 650 mg or 2 x 1300 mg PAC content: NS
Salo 2010	2010	252	Finland	Hospital	Children with UTI	Cranberry juice: 5 mL/kg up to 300 mL PAC concentration: NS
Uberos 2010	2010	51	Spain	Unclear, possibly hospital	Children with UTI	Cranberry syrup: 0.2 mL/kg Antibiotic: 8 mg/kg TMP 'The concentration guarantees that 5 mL of the syrup contains 36 mg of highly bioactive PAC extracted from the cranberry syrup, measured by the BL‐DMAC method.'
Barbosa‐Cesnik 2011	2011	319	USA	University Health Service	Adult women with urinary symptoms	Cranberry juice: 2 x 240 mL (480 mL/d) PAC concentration: 112 mg (range 83–136 mg; SD 614.1 mg)
NAPRUTI Study 2011 I	2011	199	Netherlands	Primary care physicians	Adult women (premenopausal) with at least 3 UTIs in previous 12 months	Cranberry tablet: 2 x 500 mg/d Antibiotic: 480 mg TMP‐SMX Type A PAC in cranberry extract: 9.1 mg/g
Sengupta 2011	2011	57	India	Medical clinic	Adult women	Cranberry tablets: 500 mg/d or 1000 mg/d PAC content: 1.5%
Cowan 2012	2012	128	UK	Oncology unit	Adults with bladder or cervical cancer	Cranberry juice: twice daily, volume (NS), PAC concentration (NS)
DMAC ‐ dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde; NS ‐ not stated; PAC ‐ proanthocyanidin; SD ‐ standard deviation; SMX ‐ sulfamethoxazole; TMP ‐ trimethoprim

Table 1. Characteristics of studies

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Table 2. Study design and quality of reporting

Study name	Design	Study duration	Urine collection	Threshold	Other definitions	Allocation	Loss to follow‐up	Blinding	Intention‐to‐treat
Avorn 1994	Parallel	6 months	Voided	≥ 10⁸/L	Pyuria (not defined)	No (quasi‐RCT by ID or phone number)	39/192 (20%)	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	No
Haverkorn 1994	Cross‐over	4 weeks	NS	= 10⁸/L	NS	No (quasi‐RCT by date of birth)	21/38 (55%)	Unclear	Unclear
Foda 1995	Cross‐over	12 months (6 months of each treatment)	CSU	≥ 10⁸/L (1 or 2 organisms)	Symptoms (not defined)	Unclear	19/40 (47.5%)	Investigators: yes	Unclear
Walker 1997	Cross‐over	3 months	NS	NS	Symptoms present (not defined)	Unclear	9/19 (47.4%)	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	Unclear
Schlager 1999	Cross‐over	3 months	CSU	= 10⁷/L	Symptoms present (defined)	Yes, pharmacy	0/15 (0%)	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	Yes
Kontiokari 2001	Parallel, 3 groups	6 months	Voided	= 10⁸/L	Symptoms present (defined)	Yes, sealed opaque envelopes	13/150 (8.7%)	Unclear	Yes
McGuiness 2002	Parallel	6 months	Intermittent catheterisation or voided	≥ 10⁹/L	Leucocytes, blood or nitrite plus culture positive (symptoms may be unrecognised in these patients)	Unclear	3 lost to follow‐up, 9 withdrew	States double blinded, unsure who	Yes
Stothers 2002	Parallel, 3 group factorial design	12 months	Voided	= 10⁸/L	Symptoms present (undefined)	Yes, sealed envelopes	2/150 (1.3%)	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	Yes
Linsenmeyer 2004	Cross‐over	9 weeks	CSU or voided	= 10⁸/L	WBC count	Unclear	16/37	Participants: yes Investigators: yes
Waites 2004	Parallel	6 months	CSU or voided	= 10⁷/L	Symptoms (defined)	Unclear	26/74	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	No
McMurdo 2005	Parallel	6 months	Voided	= 10⁴/L	Symptoms present (not defined)	Yes, sealed envelopes	0/376	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	Yes
Lee 2007	Parallel, 4 group factorial design	6 months	CSU or reflex voided	≥ 10⁸/L	Symptoms present (defined)	External and robust	0/305	Participants: yes Investigators: yes Outcome assessors: yes	Yes
Wing 2008	Parallel, 3 groups	5‐7 months (to delivery)	Voided	≥ 10⁸/L	Symptoms (defined)	Unclear	0/115	Participants: yes Investigators: yes Outcome assessors: yes	Yes
Hess 2008	Cross‐over	6 months	Assume voided	≥ 10⁷ cfu/L	Symptoms (defined)	Yes, stated	10/57	Participants: yes Clinicians: yes	No
Ferrara 2009	Parallel, 3 groups	6 months	Voided	≥ 10⁸/L	Symptoms (defined)	Unclear	4/84 (5%)	Participants: no Investigators: unclear Outcome assessors: unclear	Unclear
McMurdo 2009	Parallel	6 months	Voided	≥ 10⁷/L	Symptoms (defined)	Externally managed, trial number given	0/137	Participants: yes Investigators: yes Outcome assessors: yes	Yes
Essadi 2010	Parallel	NS	Assume voided	NS	NS	NS	216/760	Participants: no Investigators: NS	Unclear
PACS Study 2008	Parallel, 3 groups	6 months	Assume voided	≥ 10⁸/L	NS	NS	2/56	Stated no blinding	No
Salo 2010	Parallel	6 months	NS	NS	NS	NS	11/263	Participants: yes Investigators: yes	Unclear
Uberos 2010	Parallel	when a UTI was recorded	Voided, MSU	= 10⁴/L	Symptoms	Yes, hospital pharmacy	6/198	Participants: yes Clinicians: yes	Yes
Barbosa‐Cesnik 2011	Parallel	6 months	Voided, MSU	≥ 10⁶ cfu/L	Symptoms (defined)	Yes, external	100/419	Participants: yes Investigators: yes Outcome assessors: yes	Yes
NAPRUTI Study 2011 I	Parallel	12 months	Voided	≥ 10⁶ cfu/L	Symptoms (not defined)	Yes	22/221	Participants: yes Investigators: yes Outcome assessors: yes	Unclear
Sengupta 2011	Parallel, 3 groups	90 days	Voided, MSU	≥ 10⁷ cfu/L	Symptoms (not defined)	Yes, sealed pre prepared envelopes	3/60	High and low dose participants: yes 'no treatment' participants: no Investigators: no	Unclear
Cowan 2012	Parallel	6 weeks	Voided	≥ 10⁸/L	Symptoms (not defined)	Unclear	15/128	Participants: yes Clinicians: yes Outcome assessors: unclear	Yes
CSU ‐ catheter specimen of urine; NS ‐ not stated; WBC ‐ white blood cell

Table 2. Study design and quality of reporting

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Table 3. Positive urine culture (bacteriuria)

Study name	Pre cross‐over	P value	End of study data	P value	Notes
Schlager 1999	Cranberries: 85/97 Placebo: 33/55	NS	Cranberries: 120/160 (75%) Placebo 114/151 (75%)	NS
Haverkorn 1994	NS	NS	NS	P = 0.004	Actual number of people in each group: NS
Avorn 1994	N/A	N/A	Cranberries: 20/473 (4%) of the urine samples Placebo: 7% (37/498)	(P = not significant)
Foda 1995	NS	NS	Cranberry: 27/112 months (24.1%) Placebo: 34/117 months (29%)	NS	Outcome was months with positive/significant culture but no UTI symptoms
Linsenmeyer 2004	NS	NS	NS	NS	The authors report that, 'We failed to find a statistically significant treatment effect for the cranberry tablets beyond the placebo effect when evaluating urinary bacterial count (t20 = ‐0.05, P = 0.96), urinary WBC (t20 = 1.14, P = 0.27), or urinary bacterial and WBC in combination (t20 = 1.14, P = 0.27)"
Wing 2008	N/A	N/A	Cranberry, 1 dose: 5/67 Cranberry 2‐3 doses: 2/58 Placebo; 7/63	NS	This data are for asymptomatic UTI specifically
Hess 2008	NS	NS	Cranberry: 31 positive culture episodes Placebo: 37 positive culture episodes	P = 0.52	This study reported symptomatic and positive culture results
PACS Study 2008	N/A	N/A	Cranberry, 1 dose: 13/20 Cranberry, 2 doses: 14/19 No treatment: 12/17	NS
Uberos 2010	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 8/23 Antibiotic: 15/28	NS	In this report (abstract only) it isn't clear if the repeat UTI was symptomatic or a positive culture result
N/A ‐ not applicable; NS ‐ not stated

Table 3. Positive urine culture (bacteriuria)

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Table 4. Symptomatic UTIs

Study name	Pre cross‐over	P value	End of study data	P value	Notes
Schlager 1999	NS	NS	Cranberry: 3 UTIs in 2 children Placebo: 3 UTIs in 3 children	NS
Avorn 1994	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 20/473 (4%) Placebo: 37/498 (7%)	Not significant (P value NS)	Denominator unclear
Walker 1997	NS	NS	Cranberry: 6 UTIs Placebo: 15 UTIs	P < 0.05	Whilst taking cranberry capsules as opposed to placebo, 7/10 subjects exhibited fewer UTIs, 2 subjects exhibited the same number of UTIs, and 1 subject experienced 1 more UTI.
Foda 1995	NS	NS	Cranberry: 19/112 months (17%) Placebo: 20/117 months (17.1%)	NS	Months with positive/significant culture and UTI symptoms
Haverkorn 1994	NS				No details provided
Lee 2007	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 67/153 Cranberry placebo: 71/152 Methenamine hippurate: 67/150 Methenamine hippurate placebo: 71/55	Hazard ratio cranberry 0.93 (95% CI 0.66‐1.29)
Wing 2008	N/A	N/A	Cranberry 1 dose: 2/67 Cranberry 2‐3 doses: 2/58 Placebo: 0/63	NS	This study reported symptomatic UTI and positive culture results, these results are symptomatic UTI
Hess 2008	Pre‐trial: 1.3 UTIs/ person/y	NS	During the cranberry period, 6 participants had 7 UTI, compared with 16 subjects and 21 UTI in the placebo period. The frequency of UTI was reduced to 0.3 UTI/y vs 1.0 UTI/y while receiving placebo.	P < 0.05	This study reported symptomatic UTI and positive culture results, these results are symptomatic UTI
Ferrara 2009	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 5/27 Lactobacillus: 11/26 No treatment: 18/27	P < 0.5 cranberry vs Lactobacillus groups and control
McMurdo 2009	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 25/69 Antibiotic: 14/68	P = 0.084	Only 19/39 symptomatic UTIs had positive culture results
Salo 2010	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 20/125 Placebo: 28/127	P = 0.21	This data are during 12 months but participants were only treated for 6 months. On‐treatment data are not reported
Barbosa‐Cesnik 2011	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 31/155 Placebo: 23/164	P = 0.21
NAPRUTI Study 2011 I	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 78.2% Antibiotic: 71.1%	P = 0.03	These UTI results are for clinical UTI not necessarily microbiologically determined
Sengupta 2011	N/A	N/A	Cranberry (500 mg/d): 2/21 Cranberry (1000 mg/d): 2/23 No treatment: 4/12	NS
Cowan 2012	N/A	N/A	Cranberry: 26/59 Placebo: 23/59	P = 0.28	This data are symptomatic UTI not necessarily culture proven
N/A ‐ not applicable; NS ‐ not stated

Table 4. Symptomatic UTIs

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 1. Cranberry products versus placebo/control

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Participants with one or more UTIs at follow‐up Show forest plot	13	2462	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.71, 1.04]

1.1 Women with recurrent UTIs	4	594	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.42, 1.31]
1.2 Elderly men and women	2	413	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.39, 1.44]
1.3 People with neuropathic bladder/spinal injuries	2	353	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.75, 1.20]
1.4 Pregnant women	2	674	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.93, 1.17]
1.5 Children	2	309	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.19, 1.22]
1.6 Radiotherapy patients	1	119	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.15 [0.75, 1.77]
2 Adverse effects Show forest plot	4		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

2.1 Stomach burn and general weakness	1	34	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.01, 2.46]
2.2 Vomitting	1	37	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	6.0 [0.33, 108.56]
2.3 Nausea	2	187	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.23, 3.94]
2.4 Diarrhoea	1	37	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.59]
2.5 Gastroenteritis	2	413	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.10, 1.96]
2.6 Any gastrointestinal effect	4	597	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.31, 2.27]

Comparison 1. Cranberry products versus placebo/control

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 2. Cranberry products versus antibiotics

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Repeat symptomatic UTI Show forest plot	3	536	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.16 [0.79, 1.73]

1.1 Adult women	2	344	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.31 [0.85, 2.02]
1.2 Children	1	192	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.69 [0.32, 1.51]
2 Adverse effects Show forest plot	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

2.1 Gastrointestinal	2	344	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.42, 1.42]
2.2 Rash or urticaria	1	207	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.25, 1.18]
2.3 Vaginal	1	207	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.40, 1.40]
2.4 Allergic reaction	1	207	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.01, 7.28]

Comparison 2. Cranberry products versus antibiotics

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 3. Cranberry dose: 2 or more/day versus 1 dose/day

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Symptomatic UTI Show forest plot	3	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.75, 1.68]

1.1 Pregnant women	1	125	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.16 [0.17, 7.94]
1.2 Adult women	1	44	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.14, 5.92]
1.3 Elderly men and women	1	39	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.75, 1.72]
2 Adverse effects Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

2.1 Weakness and abdominal pain	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 Mild fever	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.3 Heart burn	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.4 Stomach burn and general weakness	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 3. Cranberry dose: 2 or more/day versus 1 dose/day

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 4. Cranberry (dose: ≥ 2/day) versus placebo

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Symptomatic UTI Show forest plot	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Pregnant women	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Elderly men and women	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 Adult women	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Adverse effects Show forest plot	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

2.1 Vomitting	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 Nausea	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.3 Diarrhoea	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.4 Gastroenteritis	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.5 Stomach burn and general weakness	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 4. Cranberry (dose: ≥ 2/day) versus placebo

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 5. Cranberry products versus methenamine hippurate

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Symptomatic UTI Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

1.1 Spinal injured neuropathic bladder participants	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 5. Cranberry products versus methenamine hippurate

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 6. Cranberry versus probiotics

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Symptomatic UTI Show forest plot	2	152	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.42 [0.24, 0.74]

1.1 Children with previous UTI	1	53	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.18, 1.09]
1.2 Adult women	1	99	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.41 [0.20, 0.85]

Comparison 6. Cranberry versus probiotics

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

The Cochrane Library

Scolaris Language Selector Scolaris Language Selector

Idioma de la Revisión Cochrane

Idioma de la web

Scolaris Content Language Banner Portlet Scolaris Content Language Banner Portlet