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Study flow diagram: review update
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram: review update

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'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.1 Death (before 1 month).
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.1 Death (before 1 month).

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.2 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors).
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.2 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors).

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.3 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days).
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.3 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days).

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.4 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.4 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.5 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors).
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 7

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, outcome: 1.5 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 1 Death (before 1 month).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 1 Death (before 1 month).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 2 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 2 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 3 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 3 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 4 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 4 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 5 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 5 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 6 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 6 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 7 Death before 18 to 22 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 7 Death before 18 to 22 months.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 8 Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 8 Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 9 Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 9 Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 10 Failure of ductal closure or treatment by day 14.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 10 Failure of ductal closure or treatment by day 14.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 11 Sepsis (≥ 1 episodes).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 11 Sepsis (≥ 1 episodes).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 12 Necrotising enterocolitis.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 12 Necrotising enterocolitis.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 13 Intraventricular haemorrhage.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 13 Intraventricular haemorrhage.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 14 Periventricular leukomalacia.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 14 Periventricular leukomalacia.

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 15 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 15 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade).

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Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 16 Retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser therapy.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.16

Comparison 1 Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation, Outcome 16 Retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser therapy.

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 1 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 1 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 2 Oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 2 Oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors.

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 3 Death or oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 3 Death or oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 4 Retinol concentration on study day 28 (μg/L).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 4 Retinol concentration on study day 28 (μg/L).

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 5 Retinol < 200 μg/L on day 28 (%).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 5 Retinol < 200 μg/L on day 28 (%).

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 6 Necrotising enterocolitis.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 6 Necrotising enterocolitis.

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 7 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 7 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade).

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 8 Retinopathy of prematurity (threshold disease).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.8

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 8 Retinopathy of prematurity (threshold disease).

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Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 9 Sepsis (≥ 1 episodes).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.9

Comparison 2 Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks, Outcome 9 Sepsis (≥ 1 episodes).

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 1 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 1 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 2 Oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 2 Oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors.

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 3 Death or oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 3 Death or oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 4 Retinol concentration on study day 28 (μg/L).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 4 Retinol concentration on study day 28 (μg/L).

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 5 Retinol < 200 μg/L on day 28 (%).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 5 Retinol < 200 μg/L on day 28 (%).

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 6 Necrotising enterocolitis.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 6 Necrotising enterocolitis.

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 7 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 7 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade).

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 8 Retinopathy of prematurity (threshold disease).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.8

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 8 Retinopathy of prematurity (threshold disease).

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Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 9 One or more episodes of sepsis.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.9

Comparison 3 Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks, Outcome 9 One or more episodes of sepsis.

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Summary of findings for the main comparison. Supplemental vitamin A compared to no supplementation in very low birth weight infants

Supplemental vitamin A compared to no supplementation in very low birth weight infants

Patient or population: very low birth weight infants
Intervention: supplemental vitamin A
Comparison: no supplementation

Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No of Participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

no supplementation

Supplemental vitamin A

Neonatal death

168 per 1000

144 per 1000
(111 to 186)

RR 0.86
(0.66 to 1.11)

1165
(6 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
MODERATE 1

Imprecision: 95% CI are wide and imprecise

Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors)

725 per 1000

674 per 1000
(623 to 732)

RR 0.93
(0.86 to 1.01)

1070
(7 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊕
MODERATE 2

Imprecision: although the 95% CI is narrow, the result is consistent with minimal clnical effect

Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days)

798 per 1000

742 per 1000
(702 to 790)

RR 0.93
(0.88 to 0.99)

1165
(6 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊕
MODERATE2

Imprecision: although the 95% CI is narrow, the result is consistent with minimal clnical effect

Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age

168 per 1000

168 per 1000
(129 to 216)

RR 1.00
(0.77 to 1.29)

1089
(4 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
MODERATE1

Imprecision: 95% CI are wide and imprecise

Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors)

546 per 1000

486 per 1000
(426 to 546)

RR 0.87
(0.77 to 0.99)

986
(5 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
MODERATE2

Imprecision: although the 95% CI is narrow, the result is consistent with minimal clnical effect

Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age)

622 per 1000

573 per 1000
(523 to 629)

RR 0.92
(0.84 to 1.01)

1089
(4 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
MODERATE2

Imprecision: although the 95% CI is narrow, the result is consistent with minimal clnical effect

Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months

481 per 1000

428 per 1000
(356 to 520)

RR 0.89
(0.74 to 1.08)

538
(1 RCT)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW 3

Concerning imprecision: does not met the optimal information size criteria

*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: Confidence interval;

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

1 Imprecision: 95% CI are wide and imprecise

2 Imprecision: although the 95% CI is narrow, the result is consistent with minimal clnical effect

3 Concerning imprecision; does not met the optimal information size criteria

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Supplemental vitamin A compared to no supplementation in very low birth weight infants
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 1. Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Death (before 1 month) Show forest plot

6

1165

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.66, 1.11]

1.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

5

1011

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.62, 1.18]

1.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

154

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.56, 1.33]

2 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors) Show forest plot

7

1070

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.86, 1.01]

2.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

5

884

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.86, 1.01]

2.2 Supplementation via intravenous route

1

86

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.54, 1.70]

2.3 Supplementation via oral route

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.80, 1.11]

3 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days) Show forest plot

6

1165

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.88, 0.99]

3.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

5

1011

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.86, 1.00]

3.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

154

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.96 [0.86, 1.06]

4 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age Show forest plot

4

1089

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.77, 1.29]

4.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

3

935

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.06 [0.77, 1.46]

4.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

154

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.56, 1.33]

5 Chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors) Show forest plot

5

986

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.77, 0.99]

5.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

4

886

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.74, 0.98]

5.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

100

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.81, 1.24]

6 Death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age) Show forest plot

4

1089

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.84, 1.01]

6.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

3

935

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.81, 1.01]

6.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

154

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.86, 1.12]

7 Death before 18 to 22 months Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

8.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

9 Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

10 Failure of ductal closure or treatment by day 14 Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

10.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

11 Sepsis (≥ 1 episodes) Show forest plot

3

947

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.76, 1.04]

11.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

3

947

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.76, 1.04]

12 Necrotising enterocolitis Show forest plot

4

1101

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.67, 1.27]

13 Intraventricular haemorrhage Show forest plot

5

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 Any intraventricular haemorrhage

3

907

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.82, 1.10]

13.2 Severe intraventricular haemorrhage (Grade 3 or 4)

4

1035

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.72, 1.25]

14 Periventricular leukomalacia Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

15 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade) Show forest plot

4

255

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.81 [0.65, 1.01]

15.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

3

159

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.42, 0.99]

15.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

96

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.75, 1.20]

16 Retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser therapy Show forest plot

2

236

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.27 [0.55, 2.94]

16.1 Supplementation via intramuscular injection

1

82

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.84 [0.47, 7.19]

16.2 Supplementation via oral route

1

154

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.34, 2.96]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Supplemental vitamin A versus no supplementation
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 2. Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Death or oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Retinol concentration on study day 28 (μg/L) Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5 Retinol < 200 μg/L on day 28 (%) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6 Necrotising enterocolitis Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

7 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

8 Retinopathy of prematurity (threshold disease) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

9 Sepsis (≥ 1 episodes) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Vitamin A regimens: higher dose (10,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU); both intramuscular and 3 x week for 4 weeks
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 3. Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in survivors Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Death or oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

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4 Retinol concentration on study day 28 (μg/L) Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

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5 Retinol < 200 μg/L on day 28 (%) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

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6 Necrotising enterocolitis Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

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7 Retinopathy of prematurity (any grade) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

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8 Retinopathy of prematurity (threshold disease) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

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9 One or more episodes of sepsis Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

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Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Vitamin A regimens: once‐a‐week (15,000 IU) versus standard dose (5000 IU 3 x week); both intramuscular and for 4 weeks
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