Trial details

Outcome measures

Intervention

Control

Difference

Infected children identified by screening ‐ multiple dose

Simeon 1995
Albendazole vs placebo
6.5 months

Mean % attendance

(class registers )

N = 264

Baseline

62.6 (SD 20.4)

Follow‐up

67.3 (SD 18.4)

Baseline

66.3 (SD 20.8)

Follow‐up

69.3 (SD 17.5)

2.0%

All children living in endemic area‐ multiple dose

Kruger 1996

Attendance at follow‐up only

(class registers)

N = 143

97.2% (iron group)

95.6%

98% (iron group)

95.2%

‐0.8%

0.4%

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

Group 1 vs 2+3 (1 year follow‐up)

School participation

N = 30,000

84.1%

73.1% (group 2)

76.6% (group 3)

9.3%

(SE 3.0%)

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

Group 2 vs 3

(1 year follow‐up)

School participation

N = 20,000

71.8%

66.4%

5.4%

(SE 2.7%)

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

Group 1 vs 3

1999 (2 year follow‐up)

School participation

N = 20,000

71.6%

66.4%

5.1%

(SE 2.7)

Watkins 1996
6 months

Attendance rates of children actively attending school.

N = 243

Baseline 92%,
SEM = 1

Follow‐up 88%,
SEM = 1

Baseline 0.90,
SEM = 1

Follow‐up 89%
SEM =1

‐3%

Trial details

Outcome measures

Results

All children living in endemic area ‐ multiple dose

Hall 2006 (Cluster)

Albendazole versus placebo, 2 years

2659 participants. Mathematics test score, Vietnamese test score.

No statistically significant differences in test results at start or end of trial.

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

Deworming package including albendazole versus placebo

30,000 participants. Exam score performance (measured by Internationaal Christelijk Steunfonds Africa (ICS) administered English, Mathematics and Science‐Agriculture exams) in pupils in grades 3 to 8.

In the original trial and the pure replication, the trial authors reported no significant difference, but data was not reported. In the statistical replication, this was confirmed.

Search set

CIDG SR^a

CENTRAL

MEDLINE^b

EMBASE^b

LILACS^b

1

helmint*

helmint*

helmint*

helmint$

helmint*

2

Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostoma duodenale

3

Necator americanus

Necator americanus

Necator americanus

Necator americanus

Necator americanus

4

Ascaris

Ascaris

Ascaris

Ascaris

Ascaris

5

Enterobius vermicularis

Enterobius vermicularis

Enterobius vermicularis

Enterobius vermicularis

Enterobius vermicularis

6

trichuris

trichuris

trichuris

trichuris

trichuris

7

Strongyloid*

Strongyloid*

Strongyloid*

Strongyloid*

Strongyloid*

8

albendazole

hookworm*

hookworm*

hookworm$

1‐7/OR

9

mebendazole

roundworm*

roundworm*

roundworm$

albendazole

10

piperazine

pinworm*

pinworm*

pinworm$

mebendazole

11

levamisole

whipworm*

whipworm*

whipworm$

piperazine

12

pyrantel

1‐11/OR

1‐11/OR

1‐11/OR

levamisole

13

tiabendazole

albendazole

albendazole

albendazole

pyrantel

14

—

mebendazole

mebendazole

mebendazole

tiabendazole

15

—

piperazine

piperazine

piperazine

9‐14/OR

16

—

levamisole

levamisole

levamisole

8 and 15

17

—

pyrantel

pyrantel

pyrantel

Limit 16 to human

18

—

tiabendazole

tiabendazole

tiabendazole

—

19

—

13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18

13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18

13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18

—

20

—

12 and 19

12 and 19

12 and 19

—

21

—

—

Limit 20 to human

Limit 20 to human

—

Community category (WHO 2002)

Prevalence^a

Percentage^b

School intervention

1. High prevalence or high intensity

> 70%

> 10%

Targeted treatment of school‐age children 2 to 3 times per year

2. Moderate prevalence and low intensity

> 50% but < 70%

< 10%

Targeted treatment of school‐age children once per year

3. Low prevalence and low intensity

< 50%

< 10%

Selective treatment

Category (WHO 2006b)

Prevalence^a

Action to be taken

High risk community

> 50%

Targeted treatment of pre‐school and school‐age children 2 or 3 times per year

Low risk community

> 20% but < 50%

Targeted treatment of pre‐school and school‐age children once per year

Accompanying intervention

Details from trial

Trials

To both intervention and control

"The AWC workers, usually local women (plus assistants), give pre‐school education, give nutritional supplements to malnourished children, and record births and pre‐school deaths."

Awasthi 2013 (Cluster)

"The parents of all children aged < 7 years were offered a range of health services at child health days, including vaccinations, vitamin A supplements, growth monitoring and promotion, and demonstrations of complementary feeding."

Alderman 2006 (Cluster)

"The primary job responsibilities of the AWW [anganwadi worker] are to run a creche and provide primary health care and supplementary nutrition for children < six years of age and pregnant and lactating women."

Awasthi 2001 (Cluster)

All children received 10 mL of multivitamins (over two days) as an incentive at each time point. Each 5 mL of multivitamin contained: Vitamin A 3000 IU, Vitamin B2 2.0 mg, Nicotinamide 15.0 mg, Vitamin B1 1.5 mg, Vitamin B6 2.0 mg, Vitamin D2 400 IU, D panthenol 1.0 mg.

Kirwan 2010

Children attended a mother and child health clinic

Freij 1979a

Children in both groups received treatment for other conditions in accordance with the IMCI guidelines.

Garg 2002

Children were followed up for routine immunisations, and then quarterly, to age 5 years. Children received BCG and oral polio immunisations at birth, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B immunisations at 6, 10 and 14 weeks, and measles immunisation at 9 months.

Ndibazza 2012

Three schools received fortified soup with 20 mg elemental iron per portion, and 100 mg vitamin C per portion for 6 months.

Kruger 1996

Only in the intervention group

Treatment schools received worm prevention education through regular public health lectures, wall charts, and the training of teachers in each treatment school on worm prevention. Health education stressed the importance of hand washing to avoid ingesting roundworm and whipworm larvae, wearing shoes to avoid hookworm infection, and not swimming in infected fresh water to avoid schistosomiasis.

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

No additional intervention reported

—

37 trials

Infected children identified by screening ‐ single dose

Nokes 1992
Albendazole

Growth measured but not reported: 9 weeks cited as too short a follow‐up period to demonstrate a change.

Tee 2013

Albendazole

No significant differences in median change in weight and weight‐for‐height z‐scores, and for mean change in weight‐for‐age, and height‐for‐age z‐scores at 12 months follow‐up.

Weight: Median change in weight at follow‐up in treatment group 2.6 (range 1.2 to 7.2) and control group 2.5 (range 1.2 to 6.6)

Height‐for‐age z‐score: Mean change at follow‐up in treatment group 1.1 (0.2) and in control group 1.1 (0.2).

Weight‐for‐age z‐score: Median change at follow‐up in treatment group ‐1.0 (range 0.6 to 2.3) and in control group 0.8 (range 0.5 to 1.6).

Weight‐for‐height z‐score: Mean change at follow‐up in treatment group 0.5 (0.6) and in control group 0.1 (0.6).

Yap 2014

Albendazole

No significant differences in percentage stunted and sum of skinfolds at 6 months follow‐up.

Percentage stunted (≤ ‐2 HAZ score): Mean at follow‐up in treatment group 66% (mean change from baseline ‐7.0) and in control group 69% (mean change from baseline ‐7.4).

Sum of skinfolds: Mean at follow‐up in treatment group 12 mm (mean change from baseline 1 mm) and in control group 12 mm (mean change from baseline 1 mm).

Infected children identified by screening ‐ multiple dose

Simeon 1995
Albendazole

No significant difference in any reported outcome for whole group.
Height‐for‐age z‐score at baseline in treatment group ‐0.48 (0.95) and in placebo group ‐0.39 (0.90). At follow‐up in treatment group ‐0.48 (0.97) and in placebo group ‐0.41 (0.89).
Body mass index (kg/m²) at baseline in treatment group 15.3 (1.3) and in placebo group 15.5 (1.3). At follow‐up in treatment group 15.6 (1.3) and in placebo group 15.8 (1.4).

All children living in endemic area‐ single dose

Beach 1999
Albendazole

A nutritional benefit of treatment was not detectable after 4 months for the entire trial population (853 participants, no figures provided).

Stratification by infection demonstrated small positive effects in the treatment group for some anthropometric outcomes. In Ascaris‐infected children (51), height gain was 0.62 cm > placebo in the combination treatment group (P = 0.01) at 4 months. In Trichuris‐infected children (158), weight gain was 0.56 kg > placebo in the combination treatment group (P = 0.01) at 4 months.

Fox 2005
Albendazole

No results provided for whole trial population.

Results for height and weight only presented in the narrative for subgroups infected with hookworm and Ascaris: no significant anthropometric changes detected (no figures quoted). In those infected with Trichuris, weight gain was greater in the albendazole group (difference compared to placebo 0.28 kg, P = 0.038). Adverse events: no serious adverse events (albendazole 0/46 vs placebo 0/43). Myalgia and cough were reported significantly more frequently in the placebo group compared to albendazole.

Greenberg 1981
Piperazine citrate

Treatment group tended to show worse nutrition than placebo.

Comparison showed no significant difference for all measured anthropometric variables for the total group and for subgroups defined by severity of infection (no figures provided).

Kloetzel 1982
Mebendazole

No significant difference was found between the groups.

Results reported as the proportion of treatment or control group that improved, deteriorated, or experienced no change. Unclear which anthropological measures were used in this categorization process. Proportions in each category were not significantly different between trial arms (improved: 51% in mebendazole group vs 49% in control; deteriorated: 35% in mebendazole group vs 33% in control; no change: 14% in mebendazole group vs 18% in control; no significance test results quoted).

Koroma 1996
Albendazole

Significant increases in weight‐for‐height, weight‐for‐age, and height‐for‐age z‐scores recorded in rural and urban treatment groups at 6 months.
Mean increase in rural treatment group compared to placebo: weight‐for‐height z‐score 0.28 (SE 0.17) P < 0.05; weight‐for‐age z‐score 1.04 (SE 0.03) P < 0.05; and height‐for‐age z‐score 0.83 (SE 0.03) P < 0.001.
Mean increase in urban treatment group compared to placebo: weight‐for‐height z‐score 1.04 (SE 0.07) P < 0.05; weight‐for‐age z‐score 1.02 (SE 0.09) P < 0.001; and height‐for‐age z‐score 1.01 (SE 0.02) P <0.05.

Michaelsen 1985
Tetra‐chlorethylene

No significant difference in change in mean for haemoglobin.

(tetrachloroethylene 0.22 g/100 mL vs placebo 0.09 g/100 mL; quoted as non‐significant) or weight for height at 5 months (tetrachloroethylene ‐1.3% of WHO reference mean vs placebo ‐0.4%; quoted as non‐significant).

Adverse events: 17% (19/119: results not given for separate trial arms) of the children suffered adverse effects (nausea and ataxia) that began one and a half hours after treatment. All symptoms disappeared within four hours. Tetrachlorethylene is not in current use as a deworming drug.

Nga 2009

Albendazole

No significant differences in weight‐for‐height, weight‐for‐age, and height‐for‐age z‐scores and skin fold thickness at 4 months.

There was no statistically significant effect of deworming on weight, height, HAZ scores, WAZ scores, or WHZ scores. There were no statistically significant differences in skin fold thickness after four months of intervention.

Wiria 2013 (Cluster)

Albendazole

No adverse events reported.

No significant difference in BMI at 21 months follow‐up in children aged 19 years and less.

Body mass index (kg/m²): median at follow‐up in treatment group 21.56 (IQR 19.44‐24.12) and in placebo group 22.42 (IQR 19.68 ‐ 25.56).

All children living in endemic area ‐ multiple dose

Awasthi 1995 (Cluster)

Albendazole

During the trial there were 23 deaths, 13 were in the usual care arm and 10 were in the treatment arm.
These data were not adjusted for cluster randomization.

Awasthi 2013 (Cluster)

Albendazole

Deworming showed no effect for death

MD in deaths per child‐care centre at ages 1·0–6·0 was 0·16 (SE 0·11); mortality ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·89 to 1·02).

Goto 2009
Albendazole plus secnidazole

No significant differences in mean z‐scores or prevalence of stunting, underweight or wasting between the intervention groups were found, and the changes between intervals (eg between weeks 0 to 12, 0 to 24, 0 to 36, 12 to 24, etc.) did not differ significantly between groups.
Height‐for‐age z‐score: at baseline in treatment group ‐1.08 (1.02) and in control group ‐1.21 (1.0). At follow‐up in treatment group ‐1.59 (0.93) and in control group ‐1.70 (0.93).
Weight‐for‐age z‐score: at baseline in treatment group ‐1.91 (1.15) and in control group ‐1.85 (1.14). At follow‐up in treatment group ‐2.62 (1.17) and in control group ‐2.59 (1.17).
Weight‐for‐height z‐score: at baseline in treatment group ‐1.25 (1.18) and in control group ‐0.96 (1.17). At follow‐up in treatment group ‐1.55 (1.07) and in control group ‐1.83 (1.06).

Hadju 1997
Pyrantel pamoate
Albendazole

No significant differences detected between treatment groups on basis of multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex, and ‘times’.
Change in weight‐for‐age z‐score: placebo 0.02; pyrantel 1 x treatment 0.03; pyrantel 2 x treatments 0.08; albendazole 1 x treatment ‐0.10; albendazole 2 x treatments 0.01.
Change in height‐for‐age z‐score: placebo 0.01; pyrantel 1 x treatment 0.00; pyrantel 2 x treatments 0.04; albendazole 1 x treatment ‐0.07; albendazole 2 x treatments 0.01.
Change in weight‐for‐height z‐score: placebo 0.02; pyrantel 1 x treatment 0.08; pyrantel 2 x treatments 0.05; albendazole 1 x treatment ‐0.07; albendazole 2 x treatments 0.03.
Change mid‐arm circumference z‐score: placebo ‐0.09; pyrantel 1 x treatment ‐0.11; pyrantel 2 x treatments ‐0.11; albendazole 1 x treatment ‐0.07; albendazole 2 x treatments ‐0.01.

Hall 2006 (Cluster)
Albendazole

Trial authors reported no difference in final and change in height.

MUAC and subscapular skinfold thickness improved significantly in the control group compared to the albendazole group (7.87 vs 7.61, P = 0.005 and 1.22 vs 1.05, P = 0.005 respectively). These results do not appear to have been adjusted for cluster randomization. The results that show no effect, however, will not remain non‐significant even after appropriate adjustment, though the CIs may change.

Lai 1995
Mebendazole plus pyrantel

No difference in height or weight between treatment and control group at the end of 2‐year follow‐up. SDs not provided. Results stratified for males and females:
Females: change in height in treatment arm 12.2 cm vs change in height in placebo arm 12.4 cm; change in weight in treatment arm 5.6 kg vs change in weight in placebo arm 5.6 kg.
Males: change in height in treatment arm 11.8 cm vs change in height in placebo arm 11.4cm; change in weight in treatment arm 5.7 kg vs change in weight in placebo arm 4.7 kg.

Le Huong 2007
Mebendazole

No obvious trend in nutrition variable.

Anthropometric indices were calculated using WHO/NCHS reference data. Being wasted, stunted and underweight was defined by z‐scores ,< ‐ 2SD for weight‐for‐height, height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age, respectively.
Percentage underweight: At baseline Fe 41·9, Fe + MEB 51·9, MEB 50·6, Placebo 45·1; after treatment Fe 33·7, Fe + MEB 46·8, MEB 38, Placebo 35·4.
Percentage stunted: At baseline Fe 30·2, Fe + MEB 31·6, MEB 41·8, Placebo 31·7; after treatment Fe 29·1, Fe + MEB 27·8, MEB 29·1, Placebo 29·3.
Percentage wasted: At baseline Fe 9·3, Fe + MEB 16·5, MEB 13·9, Placebo 12·2; after treatment Fe 5·8, Fe + MEB 17·7, MEB 13·9, Placebo 13·4.

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

Albendazole

No effect on nutrition or haemoglobin demonstrated

For haemoglobin a sample of around 4% (778/20,000) of the quasi‐randomized comparison of group 1 vs group 2 in 1998 was analysed.

Height and weight data was collected on all individuals in standards 3‐8 (9102/20000)

Difference in weight‐for age z‐score (treatment ‐ control): 0.00 (SE 0.04).

Difference in height‐for‐age z‐score end value (treatment ‐ control): 0.09 (SE 0.05).
Difference in haemoglobin (g/L) (treatment ‐ control): 1.6 (SE 1.4).

Ndibazza 2012

Albendazole

During the trial there were 16 deaths, 8 were in the placebo arm and 8 were in the treatment arm.

No significant differences in mean z‐scores for weight‐for‐height, weight‐for‐age, and height‐for‐age z‐scores at 5 years of age.

Height‐for‐age z‐score: at follow‐up in treatment group ‐1.33 (1.34) and in control group ‐1.27 (1.20).

Weight‐for‐age z‐score: at follow‐up in treatment group ‐0.88 (0.95) and in control group ‐0.87 (0.91).

Weight‐for‐height z‐score: at follow‐up in treatment group ‐0.13 (1.28) and in control group ‐0.17 (1.19).

Rousham 1994 (Cluster)
Mebendazole

ANOVAS of the change in z‐scores revealed no significant improvement with treatment.

Change in weight‐for‐age and weight‐for‐height z‐scores were significantly worse in the treatment group. Height‐for‐age z‐score (mebendazole 0.25 vs 0.17 in placebo group, P 'non‐significant'), weight‐for‐age z‐score (mebendazole 0.03 vs 0.12 in placebo group, P < 0.05), weight‐for‐height z‐score (mebendazole ‐0.25 vs ‐0.05 in placebo group, P < 0.001), and MUAC were presented (mebendazole 0.33 vs 0.23 in placebo group, P 'non‐significant').

Stoltzfus 2001
Mebendazole

Mebendazole is reported as significantly reducing the prevalence of mild wasting malnutrition in a subgroup of children aged < 30 months only

adjusted odds ratio for mebendazole 0.38 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.90) for weight‐for‐height z‐score < ‐1. Mebendazole is reported as significantly reducing the prevalence of poor appetite across the whole group (adjusted odds ratio for mebendazole 0.52 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.89) for weight‐for‐height z‐score < ‐1). Mebendazole had no impact on iron indices. Adjusted effect on motor scores had a tendency to favour mebendazole, but this was not significant.

Stoltzfus 1997 (Cluster)
Mebendazole

Weight gain: in a subgroup of under 10 year olds, the twice‐yearly treated group experienced significantly greater weight gain (kg) compared to control (2.38 (SE 0.08) vs 2.11 (SE 0.08), P < 0.05).

In the thrice‐yearly treatment group the difference was not significant (2.31 (SE 0.08) vs 2.11 (SE 0.08), no P value stated).
Height gain: in under 10 year olds the thrice‐yearly treated group experienced significantly greater height gain (cm) compared to control (4.59 (SE 0.07) vs 4.29 (SE 0.07), P < 0.01). In the twice‐yearly treatment group the difference in height gain was not significant (4.42 (SE 0.07) vs 4.29 (SE 0.07), no P value stated). There were no significant differences found in the subgroup of children aged over 10 years.
Haemoglobin change: deworming had no effect on haemoglobin change in an adjusted analysis presented for the whole trial group (g/L): control 11.3 (SE 1.7); twice‐yearly treatment group 10.3 (SE 1.7); and thrice‐yearly group 12.7 (SE 1.7).

Willett 1979
Levamisole

No statistical difference in nutrition in terms of height and weight differences between the 2 groups.

Growth rates presented are adjusted for a number of variables. Weight gain (kg/year) in levamisole group 2.08 vs 1.92 in placebo group (P = 0.06). Height gain (cm/year) in levamisole group 7.58 vs 7.73 in placebo group (no significance quoted).

Trial details

Outcome measures

Results

Infected children identified by screening ‐ single dose

Kvalsvig 1991a

Mebendazole vs placebo, 1 month

Card sorting task; cancellation task (number of letter 's' in text deleted in a time period).

Changes in cognitive scores are not clearly reported since "the dose of mebendazole was inadequate to free children from infection".

Nokes 1992
Albendazole vs placebo

2.25 months

Digit span (forward and backward); arithmetic and coding from Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; fluency; listening comprehension from the Clinical Evaluation of Language functions; matching familiar figures test.

Mean test scores pre‐ and post‐intervention presented with CIs

No comment made on significance of unadjusted data.

Results of multiple regression suggest a greater improvement in treated children in 3/10 tests (fluency, digit span forwards, digit span backwards).

Infected children identified by screening ‐ multiple dose

Simeon 1995
Albendazole vs placebo
6.5 months

1. Main trial (264 children)
Wide range achievement test: reading, arithmetic, and spelling sub tests;

2. Subgroup 1 (189 children 189 infected children from original population)
Digit span; verbal fluency test; visual search; number choice; French vocabulary learning;

3. Subgroup 2 (97 children from grade 5)
French learning; digit spans (forward and backward); Corsi block span; verbal fluency; picture search; silly sentences.

1. Main trial: no difference in any reported outcome measure;

2. Subgroup 1: no significant effect on any of the outcome measures;

3. Subgroup 2: no significant improvement with treatment in any of the tests was found in multiple regression modelling.

All children living in endemic area ‐ single dose

Nga 2009

Albendazole

Cognitive performance was measured using Raven's Colored Matrices and also a series of cognitive tests from Wechsler's Intelligence Scale for Children III: digit span backward and forward, block design and coding.

Deworming had no significant effect on any of the cognitive tests.

Solon 2003
Albendazole vs placebo

16 weeks

Cognitive ability was measured using a standardized written mental‐abilities test called the Primary Mental Abilities Test for Filipino Children (PMAT‐FC). The test covers general knowledge and comprehension, verbal relationships, fundamental mathematical comprehension and skills, numerical sequencing, and ability to perceive and apply relationships based on meaningless stimuli.

Deworming had either no effect or a negative effect on mental ability scores. Data was not reported.

All children living in endemic area ‐ multiple dose

Awasthi 2000

Albendazole vs placebo, 2 years

1045 participants. Developmental status (Denver Questionnaire).

No difference in development between treatment groups in terms of proportion with "normal" development.

Miguel 2004 (Cluster)

Deworming package including albendazole vs placebo

1 year

30,000 participants. Cognitive tests including picture search, Raven matrix, verbal fluency, digit span, Spanish learning, and a dynamic test using syllogisms measured for all three school groups in 2000.

Outcome data not reported for cognitive tests, though authors state: "Deworming treatment effects are not significantly different than zero for any component of the cognitive exam (results available on request)".

Ndibazza 2012

Albendazole vs placebo, post‐treatment

870 participants. Block design, Picture vocabulary scale, Sentence repetition, Verbal fluency, Counting span, Running memory, Picture search, Wisconsin card sort test, Tap once tap twice task, Shapes task, Tower of London.

Deworming had no significant effect on any of the cognitive tests.

Stoltzfus 2001
Mebendazole vs placebo, 1 year

359 participants. Motor and language development by parents reporting gross motor and language milestones using scoring system developed specifically for the trial.

Unadjusted data not reported.
Treatment had no significant effect on motor or language development.

Watkins 1996
Albendazole vs placebo, 6 months

212 participants. Interamerican vocabulary test; Interamerican reading test; Peabody picture vocabulary test.

All outcome measures reported as unadjusted scores.
No difference in any of the tests found between treatment groups.

Trial details

Outcome measures

Results

Infected children identified by screening ‐ single dose

Yap 2014

Albendazole

VO₂ max estimate (mL kg‐1 min‐1), 20 m running laps completed grip strength (kg), standing broad jump distance (cm). Mean values reported.

No effect was detected on any of the measures of physical well‐being (99 in the albendazole group and 95 in the control)

Stephenson 1989

Albendazole vs placebo, 6 months follow‐up

Harvard Step Test

Deworming significantly improved children’s physical well‐being in a non‐randomly selected subgroup of children (33/171)

Treatment group: mean = 80, SD = 5.51, N = 18

Placebo group: mean = 74, SD = 4.65, N = 15

MD = 6.00, 95% CI 2.53 to 9.4

Stephenson 1993

Albendazole vs placebo, 8 months follow‐up

Harvard Step Test

Deworming significantly improved children’s physical well‐being in a non‐random subgroup of children (54/328)

Treatment group: mean = 82, SD = 3.64, N = 27

Placebo group: mean = 76, SD = 3.57, N = 26

MD = 6.00, 95% CI 4.06 to 7.94