Acupuncture for smoking cessation

Adrian R White; Hagen Rampes; Edzard Ernst

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000009

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early.

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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, Outcome 2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months.

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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, Outcome 3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months or longer.

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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Acupuncture vs other intervention, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early.

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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Acupuncture vs other intervention, Outcome 2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months.

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Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Acupuncture vs other intervention, Outcome 3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months.

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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Acupuncture vs waiting list/no intervention, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early.

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Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Acupuncture vs waiting list/no intervention, Outcome 2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months.

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Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Acupuncture vs waiting list/no intervention, Outcome 3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months.

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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Acupressure vs other treatment, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early.

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Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Acupressure vs other treatment, Outcome 3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months.

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Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Laser therapy vs sham laser, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early.

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Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7 Laser therapy vs sham laser, Outcome 2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months.

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Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 Electrostimulation vs sham stimulation, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early.

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Analysis 11.1

Comparison 11 Comparison of different acupuncture techniques, Outcome 1 Non‐auricular points vs all controls (early).

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Analysis 11.2

Comparison 11 Comparison of different acupuncture techniques, Outcome 2 Non‐auricular acupuncture vs all controls (6 months).

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Analysis 11.3

Comparison 11 Comparison of different acupuncture techniques, Outcome 3 Non‐auricular acupuncture vs all controls (12 months).

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Analysis 11.4

Comparison 11 Comparison of different acupuncture techniques, Outcome 4 Auricular acupuncture vs all controls (early).

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Analysis 11.5

Comparison 11 Comparison of different acupuncture techniques, Outcome 5 Auricular acupuncture vs all controls (6 months).

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Comparison 1. Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early Show forest plot	14	2069	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.99, 1.49]

2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months Show forest plot	8	765	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.50 [0.99, 2.27]

3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months or longer Show forest plot	4	1234	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.07 [0.76, 1.50]

Comparison 1. Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture

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Comparison 2. Acupuncture vs other intervention

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early Show forest plot	6	1370	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.62, 1.02]

2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months Show forest plot	3	396	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.63, 1.94]

3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months Show forest plot	4	1324	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.54, 1.08]

Comparison 2. Acupuncture vs other intervention

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Comparison 3. Acupuncture vs waiting list/no intervention

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early Show forest plot	2	113	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.88 [2.66, 13.01]

2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months Show forest plot	2	113	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.30, 3.24]

3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months Show forest plot	1	280	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.44 [1.15, 5.20]

Comparison 3. Acupuncture vs waiting list/no intervention

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Comparison 5. Acupressure vs other treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early Show forest plot	1	120	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.18 [3.95, 21.33]

3 Smoking cessation ‐ 12 months Show forest plot	1	120	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	10.02 [4.17, 24.10]

Comparison 5. Acupressure vs other treatment

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Comparison 7. Laser therapy vs sham laser

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early Show forest plot	1	330	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.56, 1.74]

2 Smoking cessation ‐ 6 months Show forest plot	1	330	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.52, 1.69]

Comparison 7. Laser therapy vs sham laser

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Comparison 8. Electrostimulation vs sham stimulation

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Smoking cessation ‐ Early Show forest plot	1	121	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.50, 2.82]

Comparison 8. Electrostimulation vs sham stimulation

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Comparison 11. Comparison of different acupuncture techniques

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Non‐auricular points vs all controls (early) Show forest plot	6	2007	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.91, 1.38]

2 Non‐auricular acupuncture vs all controls (6 months) Show forest plot	1	279	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.56 [0.77, 3.17]

3 Non‐auricular acupuncture vs all controls (12 months) Show forest plot	3	1705	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.60, 1.12]

4 Auricular acupuncture vs all controls (early) Show forest plot	9	648	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.75, 1.55]

5 Auricular acupuncture vs all controls (6 months) Show forest plot	6	533	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.54, 1.84]

6 Auricular acupuncture vs all controls (12 months)	0	0	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Comparison 11. Comparison of different acupuncture techniques

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