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Comparison 1 ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 1 Global state: Not improved, endpoint (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 1 Global state: Not improved, endpoint (short term).

Comparison 1 ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 2 Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 2 Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short term).

Comparison 1 ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 3 Adverse events: Extrapyramidal symptoms (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 3 Adverse events: Extrapyramidal symptoms (short term).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 1 Global state: 1. Not improved, endpoint (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 1 Global state: 1. Not improved, endpoint (short term).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 2 Global state: 2. CGI ‐ severity of illness, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 2 Global state: 2. CGI ‐ severity of illness, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).

Study

Intervention

mean

SD

N

Gang 1997

1. Electro‐acupuncture versus antipsychotics.

2.2

1.1

25

Gang 1997

2. Antipsychotics

2.3

1.3

15

Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 3 Global state: 3. CGI ‐ global improvement, endpoint (short term, skewed data).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 4 Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 4 Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short term).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 5 Mental state: 1. BPRS, not improved </=20% reduction at endpoint (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 5 Mental state: 1. BPRS, not improved </=20% reduction at endpoint (short term).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 6 Mental state: 2. BPRS, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 6 Mental state: 2. BPRS, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).

Study

Intervention

mean

SD

N

Zhang 1994

1. Electro‐acupuncture plus antipsychotics.

24.97

20.86

38

Zhang 1994

2. Antipsychotics.

37.20

16.02

31

Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 7 Mental state: 3. SANS, endpoint (high score=worse, skewed data).

Study

Interventions

mean

SD

N

Zhang 1994

1. Electro‐acupuncture plus antipsychotics

6.71

6.15

38

Zhang 1994

2. Antipsychotics

10.65

6.95

31

Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.8

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 8 Mental state: 3. SAPS, endpoint (high score=worse, skewed data).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 9 Mental state: 4. HAMD, not improved <25% reduction at endpoint (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.9

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 9 Mental state: 4. HAMD, not improved <25% reduction at endpoint (short term).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 10 Mental state: 5. HAMD, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.10

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 10 Mental state: 5. HAMD, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 11 Mental state: 6. ZDS, endpoint, (short term, high score=worse).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.11

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 11 Mental state: 6. ZDS, endpoint, (short term, high score=worse).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 12 Adverse events: 1. TESS, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.12

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 12 Adverse events: 1. TESS, endpoint (short term, high score=worse).

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 13 Adverse events: 2. Extrapyramidal symptoms (short term).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.13

Comparison 2 ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS, Outcome 13 Adverse events: 2. Extrapyramidal symptoms (short term).

Comparison 1. ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Global state: Not improved, endpoint (short term) Show forest plot

2

109

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.05 [0.68, 1.64]

2 Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short term) Show forest plot

2

109

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Adverse events: Extrapyramidal symptoms (short term) Show forest plot

1

21

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [0.00, 0.83]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. ACUPUNCTURE versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Comparison 2. ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Global state: 1. Not improved, endpoint (short term) Show forest plot

1

20

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.8 [0.30, 2.13]

2 Global state: 2. CGI ‐ severity of illness, endpoint (short term, high score=worse) Show forest plot

1

40

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.40 [‐1.08, 0.28]

3 Global state: 3. CGI ‐ global improvement, endpoint (short term, skewed data) Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

4 Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short term) Show forest plot

4

171

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Mental state: 1. BPRS, not improved </=20% reduction at endpoint (short term) Show forest plot

1

40

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.9 [0.30, 2.68]

6 Mental state: 2. BPRS, endpoint (short term, high score=worse) Show forest plot

2

109

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐4.31 [‐7.04, ‐1.58]

7 Mental state: 3. SANS, endpoint (high score=worse, skewed data) Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

8 Mental state: 3. SAPS, endpoint (high score=worse, skewed data) Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

9 Mental state: 4. HAMD, not improved <25% reduction at endpoint (short term) Show forest plot

1

42

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.17 [0.06, 0.50]

10 Mental state: 5. HAMD, endpoint (short term, high score=worse) Show forest plot

1

42

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐10.41 [‐12.81, ‐8.01]

11 Mental state: 6. ZDS, endpoint, (short term, high score=worse) Show forest plot

1

42

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐24.25 [‐28.01, ‐20.49]

12 Adverse events: 1. TESS, endpoint (short term, high score=worse) Show forest plot

1

40

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.5 [‐0.86, ‐0.14]

13 Adverse events: 2. Extrapyramidal symptoms (short term) Show forest plot

1

20

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.53, 1.46]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. ACUPUNCTURE plus ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus ANTIPSYCHOTICS