Yoga for treatment of urinary incontinence in women
Appendices
Appendix 1. Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register search strategy
We will use the following strategy to search the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register.
(({DESIGN.CCT*} OR {DESIGN.RCT*})
AND ({TOPIC.URINE.INCON*} OR {TOPIC.URINE.OVERACTIVE*} OR {TOPIC.URINE.frequency*} OR {TOPIC.URINE.URGENCY*})
AND {INTVENT.LIFESTYLE.YOGA.} OR {INTVENT.PHYS.YOGA.} OR {INTVENT.PHYS.Exercise.Yoga.} OR {INTVENT.PHYS.RELAXATION.} OR {INTVENT.PSYCH.Relaxation.} OR {INTVENT.PSYCH.MEDITATION.})
(All searches will be of the keyword field of Reference Manager 2012).
Appendix 2. NHS EED search strategies
NHS EED search strategies for economics evidence are referenced in Section 15.3.1 of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Shemilt 2011), and the most current versions may be found online at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/searchstrategies.asp.
MEDLINE search for NHS EED using OVIDSP
| 1 | Economics/ |
| 2 | exp "costs and cost analysis"/ |
| 3 | Economics, Dental/ |
| 4 | exp economics, hospital/ |
| 5 | Economics, Medical/ |
| 6 | Economics, Nursing/ |
| 7 | Economics, Pharmaceutical/ |
| 8 | (economic$ or cost or costs or costly or costing or price or prices or pricing or pharmacoeconomic$).ti,ab. |
| 9 | (expenditure$ not energy).ti,ab. |
| 10 | value for money.ti,ab. |
| 11 | budget$.ti,ab. |
| 12 | or/1‐11 |
| 13 | (energy or oxygen) adj cost).ti,ab. |
| 14 | (metabolic adj cost).ti,ab. |
| 15 | ((energy or oxygen) adj expenditure).ti,ab. |
| 16 | or/13‐15 |
| 17 | 12 not 16 |
| 18 | letter.pt. |
| 19 | editorial.pt. |
| 20 | historical article.pt. |
| 21 | or/18‐20 |
| 22 | 17 not 21 |
| 23 | exp animals/ not humans/ |
| 24 | 22 not 23 |
| 25 | bmj.jn. |
| 26 | "cochrane database of systematic reviews".jn. |
| 27 | health technology assessment winchester england.jn. |
| 28 | or/25‐27 |
| 29 | 24 not 28 |
| 30 | limit 29 to yr="2014 ‐Current" |
Embase search for NHS EED using OVIDSP
| 1 | Health Economics/ |
| 2 | exp Economic Evaluation/ |
| 3 | exp Health Care Cost/ |
| 4 | pharmacoeconomics/ |
| 5 | 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 |
| 6 | (econom$ or cost or costs or costly or costing or price or prices or pricing or parmacoeconomic$).ti,ab. |
| 7 | (expenditure$ not energy).ti,ab. |
| 8 | (value adj2 money).ti,ab. |
| 9 | budget$.ti,ab. |
| 10 | 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 |
| 11 | 5 or 10 |
| 12 | letter.pt. |
| 13 | editorial.pt. |
| 14 | note.pt. |
| 15 | 12 or 13 or 14 |
| 16 | 11 not 15 |
| 17 | (metabolic adj cost).ti,ab. |
| 18 | ((energy or oxygen) adj cost).ti,ab. |
| 19 | ((energy or oxygen) adj expenditure).ti,ab. |
| 20 | 17 or 18 or 19 |
| 21 | 16 not 20 |
| 22 | animal/ |
| 23 | exp animal experiment/ |
| 24 | nonhuman/ |
| 25 | (rat or rats or mouse or mice or hamster or hamsters or animal or animals or dog or dogs or cat or cats or bovine or sheep).ti,ab,sh. |
| 26 | 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 |
| 27 | exp human/ |
| 28 | human experiment/ |
| 29 | 27 or 28 |
| 30 | 26 not (26 and 29) |
| 31 | 21 not 30 |
| 32 | 0959‐8146.is. |
| 33 | (1469‐493X or 1366‐5278).is. |
| 34 | 1756‐1833.en. |
| 35 | 32 or 33 or 34 |
| 36 | 31 not 35 |
| 37 | conference abstract.pt. |
| 38 | 36 not 37 |
| 39 | limit 38 to yr="2014 ‐Current" |
Appendix 3. AMED test search strategy
We performed a preliminary test search on AMED on OvidSP (covering 1985 to November 2015) on 30 November 2015 using the broad search strategy below to gauge roughly how many randomized trials there might be in the area of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, or enuresis. After deduplication against the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register, we did not identify any additional records. Therefore we will not search this database for the first version of this Cochrane Review.
| 1. | controlled clinical trial.pt. |
| 2. | randomized controlled trial.pt. |
| 3. | randomized controlled trials/ |
| 4. | random allocation/ |
| 5. | double blind method/ |
| 6. | single blind method/ |
| 7. | clinical trial$.pt. |
| 8. | exp clinical trial/ |
| 9. | placebos/ |
| 10. | placebo$.tw. |
| 11. | random$.tw. |
| 12. | research design/ |
| 13. | volunteer$.tw. |
| 14. | (clin$ adj25 trial$).tw. |
| 15. | ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).tw. |
| 16. | factorial.tw. |
| 17. | cross‐over studies/ |
| 18. | crossover.tw. |
| 19. | latin square.tw. |
| 20. | (balance$ adj2 block$).tw. |
| 21. | (animals not humans).sh. |
| 22. | or/1‐20 |
| 23. | 22 not 21 |
| 24. | exp clinical trial/ |
| 25. | (clinical trial or clinical trial phase iii or clinical trialb or clinical trials or comparative studies or comparative study or controlled clinical trial or controlled trial or evaluation studies or multicenter study or multicentre study or randomised controlled trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. |
| 26. | or/1‐20,24‐25 |
| 27. | 26 not 21 |
| 28. | toilet$.tw. |
| 29. | (incontinen$ or continen$).tw. |
| 30. | exp urinary incontinence/ or urination disorders/ |
| 31. | incontinence pads/ |
| 32. | urodynamics/ |
| 33. | urinary sphincter, artificial/ |
| 34. | urodynamic$.tw. |
| 35. | urinary catheterization/ or Urinary Catheters/ |
| 36. | bladder fistula/ or urinary fistula/ or urinary bladder fistula/ |
| 37. | toilet training/ |
| 38. | cutaneous fistula/ |
| 39. | vaginal fistula/ |
| 40. | vesicovaginal fistula/ |
| 41. | "pelvic floor"/ |
| 42. | pelvic floor disorders/ |
| 43. | (pelvi$ adj2 floor).tw. |
| 44. | perineomet$.tw. |
| 45. | interferential.tw. |
| 46. | cystitis, interstitial/ |
| 47. | nycturia.tw. |
| 48. | ((vesic$ or bladder or vagina$) adj5 (support$ or prosthes$)).tw. |
| 49. | (bladder adj6 (train$ or retrain$ or empt$)).tw. |
| 50. | mmk.tw. |
| 51. | marshall marchetti krantz.tw. |
| 52. | burch.tw. |
| 53. | ((bladder or neck or vesic$) adj5 suspen$).tw. |
| 54. | colposuspension$.tw. |
| 55. | guittes.tw. |
| 56. | colporrhaph$.tw. |
| 57. | pereyra.tw. |
| 58. | urethrosuspension$.tw. |
| 59. | cystoplast$.tw. |
| 60. | urethropex$.tw. |
| 61. | lyodura$.tw. |
| 62. | colpoperineoplast$.tw. |
| 63. | urethrocervicopex$.tw. |
| 64. | stamey.tw. |
| 65. | interstitial cystitis.tw. |
| 66. | (fistula$ adj5 (bladder or vesic$ or bladder‐vagina$ or urin$ or vagina$ or uretero‐vagina$ or ureterovagina$ or urogenital or genitourin$)).tw. |
| 67. | raz.tw. |
| 68. | ((urin$ or bladder) adj5 sphincter$).tw. |
| 69. | ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj5 (instability or stab$ or unstable or irritab$ or hyperreflexia or dys?ynerg$ or dyskinesi$ or irritat$)).tw. |
| 70. | (void$ adj5 (prompt$ or diar$)).tw. |
| 71. | urethral syndrome.tw. |
| 72. | (urethra$ adj2 sphincter$).tw. |
| 73. | (bladder adj2 neck).tw. |
| 74. | (urin$ adj2 (leak$ or urge$ or frequen$)).tw. |
| 75. | urinary fistula/ |
| 76. | dribbl$.tw. |
| 77. | diaper$.tw. |
| 78. | bladder, neurogenic/ or bladder neurogenic/ or bladder disease/ |
| 79. | (bladder adj1 ulcer$).tw. |
| 80. | (hunner? adj1 ulcer$).tw. |
| 81. | (vesic$ adj1 (neck$ or cervi$)).tw. |
| 82. | cystostomy.tw. |
| 83. | cystostomy/ |
| 84. | vesicostom$.tw. |
| 85. | cystostom$.tw. |
| 86. | colporraph$.tw. |
| 87. | (fistula$ adj1 (urethra$ or colovesic$ or cystocol$ or cystovagina$ or vagino$)).tw. |
| 88. | (sling$ adj1 procedure$).tw. |
| 89. | (pelvi$ adj5 rehab$).tw. |
| 90. | ((bladder or detrusor or vesic$) adj2 (hyper$ or overactiv$)).tw. |
| 91. | (urin$ adj2 extravasat$).tw. |
| 92. | ((urin$ or bladder or urethra$) adj1 (prosthes$ or endoprosthes$)).tw. |
| 93. | (detrusor adj1 sphincter$).tw. |
| 94. | (spinal adj2 bladder$).tw. |
| 95. | (bladder$ adj2 (neuropath$ or neurogen$ or neurolog$)).tw. |
| 96. | bodyworn$.tw. |
| 97. | underpad$.tw. |
| 98. | (nervous adj1 (pollakisur$ or pollakiur$)).tw. |
| 99. | urinary bladder, overactive/ |
| 100. | or/28‐99 |
| 101. | *prostate/ |
| 102. | *prostatectomy/ |
| 103. | *prostatic hyperplasia/ |
| 104. | *prostatic neoplasm/ |
| 105. | *prostatic neoplasms/ |
| 106. | *bladder neoplasms/ |
| 107. | *prostatitis/ |
| 108. | *prostatic diseases/ |
| 109. | or/101‐108 |
| 110. | 100 not 109 |
| 111. | 27 and 110 |
| 112. | exp enuresis/ |
| 113. | enure$.tw. |
| 114. | bedwet$.tw. |
| 115. | bed‐wet$.tw. |
| 116. | (bed adj5 wet$).tw. |
| 117. | (diurnal adj5 wet$).tw. |
| 118. | diurnal‐wet$.tw. |
| 119. | ((daytime or day‐time or nighttime or night‐time or nightime) adj5 wet$).tw. |
| 120. | urotherap*.tw. |
| 121. | (void$ adj2 dysfunct$).tw. |
| 122. | or/112‐121 |
| 123. | 27 and 122 |
Appendix 4. CINAHL preliminary search strategy
We tested the following search strategy in CINAHL (on EBSCOhost) on 2 December 2015 (covering December 1981 to the most recent entry date 20151201). After deduplication against the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register, we did not retrieve any additional records, therefore we will not search CINAHL for this Cochrane Review.
| # | Query |
| S44 | S31 AND S43 |
| S43 | S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 |
| S42 | TX pranayama |
| S41 | TX kundalini |
| S40 | TX qigong |
| S39 | TX relax* |
| S38 | TX meditat* |
| S37 | TX yogic |
| S36 | TX yoga |
| S35 | (MH "Qigong") |
| S34 | (MH "Relaxation") OR (MH "Muscle Relaxation") |
| S33 | (MH "Relaxation Techniques") OR (MH "Meditation") |
| S32 | (MH "Yoga+") |
| S31 | S23 AND S30 |
| S30 | S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 |
| S29 | TI overactiv* N3 bladder* OR AB overactiv* N3 bladder* |
| S28 | TI urin* N3 leak* OR AB urin* N3 leak* |
| S27 | TI ( incontinen* OR continen* ) OR AB ( incontinen* OR continen* ) |
| S26 | MH incontinence |
| S25 | MH overactive bladder |
| S24 | MH Urinary incontinence+ |
| S23 | S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8 or S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 |
| S22 | TI ( singl* N25 blind* OR singl* N25 mask* OR doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask* OR trebl* N25 blind* OR trebl* N25 mask*OR tripl* N25 blind* OR tripl* N25 mask* ) or AB ( singl* N25 blind* OR singl* N25 mask* OR doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask* OR trebl* N25 blind* OR trebl* N25 mask*OR tripl* N25 blind* OR tripl* N25 mask* ) |
| S21 | (MH "Comparative Studies") |
| S20 | (MH "Clinical Research+") |
| S19 | (MH "Static Group Comparison") |
| S18 | (MH "Quantitative Studies") |
| S17 | (MH "Crossover Design") or (MH "Solomon Four‐Group Design") |
| S16 | (MH "Factorial Design") |
| S15 | (MH "Community Trials") |
| S14 | (MH "Random Sample") |
| S13 | TI balance* N2 block* or AB balance* N2 block* |
| S12 | TI "latin square" or AB "latin square" |
| S11 | TI factorial or AB factorial |
| S10 | TI clin* N25 trial* or AB clin* N25 trial* |
| S9 | (MH "Study Design") |
| S8 | (AB random*) OR (TI random*) |
| S7 | (AB placebo*) OR (TI placebo*) |
| S6 | (MH "Placebos") |
| S5 | PT Clinical Trial OR (PT "randomized controlled trial") |
| S4 | (MH "Clinical Trials+") |
| S3 | MH (random assignment) OR (crossover design) |
| S2 | cross‐over |
| S1 | crossover |
Appendix 5. IndMED preliminary strategy
We performed a preliminary search of IndMED on 2 December 2015 using the following terms in Advanced Strategy, applying no limits, and using the default setting to search in: Any Where.
yoga OR yogic OR meditation OR relaxation OR kundalini OR pranayama
AND
incontinent OR incontinence OR continent OR incontinence
