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Consultorios de acceso directo versus consultorios de médicos y salas de urgencias para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas y la atención de urgencia

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References

References to studies excluded from this review

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Ahmed 2010 {published data only}

Ahmed A, Fincham J. Physician office vs retail clinic: patient preferences in care seeking for minor illnesses. Annals of Family Medicine 2010;8(2):117‐23. CENTRAL

Arain 2013 {published data only}

Arain M, Nicholl J, Campbell M. GP‐led walk‐in centre in the UK: another way for urgent healthcare provision. Critical Care 2013;17(Suppl 2):P259. CENTRAL

Arain 2015 {published data only}

Arain M, Campbell M, Nicholl J. Impact of a GP‐led walk‐in centre on NHS emergency departments. Emergency Medicine Journal 2015;32(4):295‐300. CENTRAL

Charlton 2004 {published data only}

Charlton J, Mackay L, McKnight J. A pilot study comparing a type 1 nurse‐led diabetes clinic with a conventional doctor‐led diabetes clinic. European Diabetes Nursing 2004;1(1):18‐21. CENTRAL

Choi 2015 {published data only}

Choi E, Ching W, Lam C, Wan EY, Chan AK, Chan KH. Evaluation of the effectiveness of nurse‐led continence care treatments for Chinese primary care patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0129875. CENTRAL

Cleland 2007 {published data only}

Cleland J, Hall S, Price D, Lee A. An exploratory, pragmatic, cluster randomised trial of practice nurse training in the use of asthma action plans. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2007;16(5):311‐8. CENTRAL

Denver 2003 {published data only}

Denver E, Barnard M, Woolfson R, Earle K. Management of uncontrolled hypertension in a nurse‐led clinic compared with conventional care for patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26(8):2256‐60. CENTRAL

Grant 2002 {published data only}

Grant C, Nicholas R, Moore L, Salisbury C. An observational study comparing quality of care in walk‐in centres with general practice and NHS Direct using standardised patients. BMJ 2002;324(7353):1556. CENTRAL

Griffiths 2004 {published data only}

Griffiths C, Foster G, Barnes N, Eldridge S, Tate H, Begum S, et al. Specialist nurse intervention to reduce unscheduled asthma care in a deprived multiethnic area: the east London randomised controlled trial for high risk asthma (ELECTRA). BMJ 2004;328(7432):144. CENTRAL

Hutchison 2003 {published data only}

Hutchison B, Ostbyte T, Barnsley J, Stewart M, Mathews M, Campbell MK, et al. Patient satisfaction and quality of care in walk‐in clinics, family practices and emergency departments: the Ontario Walk‐In Clinic Study. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2003;168(8):977‐83. CENTRAL

Johnson 2014 {published data only}

Johnson J, Sayah F, Wozniak L, Rees S, Soprovich A, Qiu W, et al. Collaborative care versus screening and follow‐up for patients with diabetes and depressive symptoms: results of a primary care‐based comparative effectiveness trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37(12):3220‐6. CENTRAL

Kernick 2002 {published data only}

Kernick D, Powell R, Reinhold D. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of an asthma nurse in general practice. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2002;11(1):6‐8. CENTRAL

Additional references

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AAFP 2013

American Academy of Family Physicians. Retail clinics. www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/retail‐clinics.html (accessed 29 November 2013).

Ashwood 2011

Ashwood J, Reid R, Setodji C, Weber E, Gaynor M, Mehrotra A. Trends in retail clinic use among the commercially insured. American Journal of Managed Care 2011;17(11):e443‐8.

Bell 1992

Bell N, Szafran O. Use of walk‐in clinics by family practice patients. Canadian Family Physician 1992;38:507‐13.

Brennan 2009

Brennan S, McKenzie J, Whitty P, Buchan H, Green S. Continuous quality improvement: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003319.pub2]

Cassel 2012

Cassel C. Retail clinics and drugstore medicine. JAMA 2012;307(20):2151‐2.

CBO 2014

Congressional Budget Office. The budget and economic outlook: 2014 to 2024. www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/45010‐Outlook2014_Feb_0.pdf (accessed 15 June 2015).

Desborough 2013

Desborough J, Parker R, Forrest L. Development and implementation of a nurse‐led walk‐in centre: evidence lost in translation?. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2013;18(3):174‐8.

Enright 2014

Enright P, Nevin W. Point: should storefront clinics provide case finding and chronic care for COPD? Yes. Chest 2014;145(6):1191‐3.

EPOC 2013a

Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group. What study designs should be included in an EPOC review and what should they be called?. epoc.cochrane.org/epoc‐specific‐resources‐review‐authors (accessed 27 January 2017).

EPOC 2013b

Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group. EPOC 'risk of bias' guideline. epoc.cochrane.org/epoc‐specific‐resources‐review‐authors (accessed 27 January 2017).

EPOC 2013c

Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group. Analysis in EPOC reviews. epoc.cochrane.org/epoc‐specific‐resources‐review‐authors (accessed 27 January 2017).

Higgins 2011

Higgins J, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.

Jenkins‐Clarke 1998

Jenkins‐Clarke S, Carr‐Hill R, Dixon P. Teams and Seams: skill mix in primary care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1998;28:1120‐6.

Jones 2000

Jones M. Walk‐in primary medical care centres: lessons from Canada. BMJ 2000;321:928.

Laird 1990

Laird N, Mosteller F. Some statistical methods for combining experimental results. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 1990;6(1):5‐30.

Laurant 2009

Laurant M, Reeves D, Hermens R, Braspenning J, Grol R, Sibbald B. Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub2]

Lefebvre 2011

Lefebvre C, Manheimer E, Glanville J. Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.

MECIR 2013

Chandler J, Churchill R, Higgins J, Lasseron T, Tovey D. Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR). Methodological standards for the conduct of Cochrane Intervention Reviews Version 2.3. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2013. editorial‐unit.cochrane.org/mecir (accessed 27 January 2017).

Mehrotra 2009

Mehrotra A, Liu H, Adams J, Wang M, Lave J, Thygeson M, et al. Comparing costs and quality of care at retail clinics with that of other medical settings for 3 common illnesses. Annals of Internal Medicine 2009;151(5):321‐8.

Mehrotra 2012

Mehrotra A, Lave J. Visits to retail clinics grew fourfold from 2007 to 2009, although their share of overall outpatient visits remains low. Health Affairs (Project Hope) 2012;31(9):2123‐9.

NHS 2013

National Health Service. NHS walk‐in centres. www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/AboutNHSservices/Emergencyandurgentcareservices/Pages/Walk‐incentresSummary.aspx (accessed 15 October 2013).

Parker 2012

Parker R, Desborough J, Forrest L. Stakeholder perceptions of a nurse led walk‐in centre. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12:382.

Pope 2005

Pope C, Chalder M, Moore L, Salisbury C. What do other local providers think of NHS walk‐in centres? Results of a postal survey. Public Health 2005;119(1):39‐44.

Salisbury 2002

Salisbury C, Chalder M, Scott T, Pope C, Moore L. What is the role of walk‐in centres in the NHS?. BMJ 2002;324(7334):399‐402.

Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration 2013

Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 9. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000197.pub3]

Szafran 2000

Szafran O, Bell N. Use of walk‐in clinics by rural and urban patients. Canadian Family Physician 2000;46:114‐9.

Weinick 2010

Weinick R, Burns R, Mehrotra A. Many emergency department visits could be managed at urgent care centers and retail clinics. Health Affairs (Project Hope) 2010;29(9):1630‐6.

Whitecross 1999

Whitecross L. Collaboration between GPs and nurse practitioners: the overseas experience and lessons for Australia. Australian Family Physician 1999;28:349‐53.

WHO 2013

World Health Organization. Global health workforce shortage to reach 12.9 million in coming decades. News release 11 November 2013. www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/health‐workforce‐shortage/en/ (accessed 27 January 2017).

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Study

Reason for exclusion

Ahmed 2010

No actual intervention was offered, study was a randomized telephone survey of participants' theoretical preferences.

Arain 2013

Non‐randomized trial, study was a survey to assess satisfaction among people who presented to a single walk‐in clinic.

Arain 2015

Non‐randomized trial, study was a survey to assess satisfaction among people who presented to a single walk‐in clinic.

Charlton 2004

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

Choi 2015

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

Cleland 2007

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

Denver 2003

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

Grant 2002

Cross‐over study of 15 standardized participants (did not enroll actual participants, instead were simulated encounters).

Griffiths 2004

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

Hutchison 2003

Non‐randomized trial, non‐controlled, study was a survey of participant satisfaction and evaluation of clinical outcomes of walk‐in clinic compared to family practices and emergency rooms.

Johnson 2014

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

Kernick 2002

Study intervention did not meet definition of walk‐in clinic, because study intervention involved coordinated follow‐up.

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