Técnicas de instilación de medicaciones tópicas para el glaucoma
Appendices
Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy
#1 MeSH descriptor: [Glaucoma] explode all trees
#2 MeSH descriptor: [Ocular Hypertension] explode all trees
#3 MeSH descriptor: [Intraocular Pressure] explode all trees
#4 glaucoma*:ti,ab,kw
#5 ((intra*ocular or ocular*) near/3 (hypertension* or tension* or pressure*)):ti,ab,kw
#6 IOP:ti,ab,kw
#7 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6
#8 MeSH descriptor: [Administration, Ophthalmic] explode all trees
#9 (ophthalm* near/3 (instill* or administ*)):ti,ab,kw
#10 MeSH descriptor: [Ophthalmic Solutions] this term only
#11 (eye drop* or eyedrop*):ti,ab,kw
#12 (((clos* or occlus* or occlud*) near/3 (eyelid* or duct* or lid*)) or ELC):ti,ab,kw
#13 (((nasolacrimal* or tear duct*) near/3 (occlus* or obstruct* or occlud*)) or NLO):ti,ab,kw
#14 #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13
#15 MeSH descriptor: [Administration, Topical] this term only
#16 MeSH descriptor: [Instillation, Drug] explode all trees
#17 (topical* or drops*):ti,ab,kw
#18 ((drug* or medicat* or medicin*) adj3 (instill* or administ*)):ti,ab,kw
#19 (drop adj2 (instill* or administ*)):ti,ab,kw
#20 MeSH descriptor: [Prostaglandins, Synthetic] explode all trees
#21 ("Synthetic Prostaglandins" or "PG Analogs" or "Prostaglandin Analogues" or "Prostaglandin Analogs" or dimethylprostaglandin or methylprostaglandin or "prostaglandin 1"):ti,ab,kw
#22 (latanoprost* or PHXA41 or Xalatan or PhXA34 or 130209‐82‐4):ti,ab,kw
#23 (travoprost* or Travatan or AL‐6221 or AL6221 or 157283‐68‐6):ti,ab,kw
#24 (bimatoprost* or latisse or Lumigan or AGN192024):ti,ab,kw
#25 MeSH descriptor: [Adrenergic beta‐Antagonists] explode all trees
#26 ((Adrenergic near/1 beta* near/3 Blockers) or (Adrenergic near/1 beta* near/3 Blockaders) or beta* near/1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents or "Adrenergic beta Antagonists"):ti,ab,kw
#27 MeSH descriptor: [Timolol] explode all trees
#28 (Timolol* or Timoptic or Timoptol or Timacar or L‐714465 or L714465 or MK‐950 or MK950 or Optimol or Blocadren or 26839‐75‐8):ti,ab,kw
#29 MeSH descriptor: [Metipranolol] explode all trees
#30 (Metipranolol* or Methypranol or Trimepranol or Disorat or 22664‐55‐7):ti,ab,kw
#31 MeSH descriptor: [Carteolol] explode all trees
#32 (Carteolol* or OPC‐1085 or OPC1085 or 51781‐06‐7):ti,ab,kw
#33 MeSH descriptor: [Levobunolol] explode all trees
#34 (Levobunolol* or PMS‐Levobunolol or PMSLevobunolol or ratio‐Levobunolol or Ultracortenol or Vistagan or W‐6412A or W6412A or AKBeta or Apo‐Levobunolol or ApoLevobunolol or Betagan or Bunolol or Novo‐Levobunolol or NovoLevobunolol or W‐7000A or W7000A or 47141‐42‐4):ti,ab,kw
#35 MeSH descriptor: [Betaxolol] explode all trees
#36 (Betaxolol* or Kerlone or Kerlon or Oxodal or SL‐75212 or SL75212 or ALO‐1401‐02 or ALO140102 or Betoptic or Betoptima or 63659‐18‐7):ti,ab,kw
#37 MeSH descriptor: [Adrenergic alpha‐Agonists] explode all trees
#38 ((adrenergic near/2 alpha* near/3 agonist*) or (alpha* near/2 adrenergic near/3 agent*) or (alpha* near/2 adrenergic receptor) or (alpha* near/2 adrenergic near/2 stimula*) or (alpha* near/2 adrenoceptor near/2 stimula*) or (alpha* near/3 agonist) or (alpha* sympathicomimetic) or (noradrenalin agonist*) or (noradrenergic agonist*) or (noradrenergic receptor stimulating agent*)):ti,ab,kw
#39 MeSH descriptor: [Adrenergic alpha‐2 Receptor Agonists] explode all trees
#40 MeSH descriptor: [Cholinergic Agonists] explode all trees
#41 ((Acetylcholine near/2 Agonist*) or cholinergic or cholinomimetic or parasympathetic agent* or parasympathetic drug* or parasympathomimetic or parasympathomimetics):ti,ab,kw
#42 MeSH descriptor: [Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors] explode all trees
#43 ((Carbonic near/2 Anhydrase near/2 Inhibitor*) or (Carbonate near/2 Dehydratase near/2 Inhibitor*) or (Carboxyanhydrase near/1 Inhibitor*)):ti,ab,kw
#44 MeSH descriptor: [Acetazolamide] explode all trees
#45 (Acetazolam* or Ak‐Zol or AkZol or Apo‐Acetazolamide or ApoAcetazolamide or Diacarb or Diamox or Diuramide or Defiltran or Edemox or Glauconox or Glaupax or Huma‐Zolamide or HumaZolamide or Acetadiazol or 59‐66‐5):ti,ab,kw
#46 (Brinzolamide* or Azopt or 138890‐62‐7):ti,ab,kw
#47 (Dorzolamide* or MK‐507 or Trusopt or L‐671152 or 130693‐82‐2):ti,ab,kw
#48 (isopropyl unoprostone* or "unoprostone isopropyl" or UF‐021 or Rescula or Eescula or 69553‐75‐9):ti,ab,kw
#49 (brimonidine* or bromoxidine or ratio‐Brimonidine or Alphagan or UK‐14308 or UK‐14304 or UK‐14304‐18 or AGN‐190342 or 59803‐98‐4):ti,ab,kw
#50 #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36 or #37 or #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 or #46 or #47 or #48 or #49
#51 MeSH descriptor: [Eye] explode all trees
#52 MeSH descriptor: [Eyelids] explode all trees
#53 MeSH descriptor: [Nasolacrimal Duct] explode all trees
#54 (ocular* or opthalm* or eye* or tear duct*):ti,ab,kw
#55 #51 or #52 or #53 or #54
#56 #50 and #55
#57 #7 and (#14 or #56)
Appendix 2. MEDLINE Ovid search strategy
1. Randomized Controlled Trial.pt.
2. Controlled Clinical Trial.pt.
3. (randomized or randomised).ab,ti.
4. placebo.ab,ti.
5. drug therapy.fs.
6. randomly.ab,ti.
7. trial.ab,ti.
8. groups.ab,ti.
9. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8
10. exp animals/ not humans.sh.
11. 9 not 10
12. exp glaucoma/
13. exp ocular hypertension/
14. exp intraocular pressure/
15. glaucoma*.tw.
16. ((intra*ocular or ocular*) adj3 (hypertension* or tension* or pressure*)).tw.
17. IOP.tw.
18. or/12‐17
19. exp Administration, Ophthalmic/
20. (ophthalm* adj3 (instill* or administ* or solution*)).tw.
21. Ophthalmic Solutions/
22. (eye drop* or eyedrop*).tw.
23. (((clos* or occlus* or occlud*) adj3 (eyelid* or duct* or lid*)) or ELC).tw.
24. (((nasolacrimal* or 'tear duct') adj3 (occlus* or obstruct* or occlud*)) or NLO).tw.
25. or/19‐24
26. Administration, Topical/
27. exp Instillation, Drug/
28. (topical* or drops).tw.
29. ((drug* or medicat* or medicin*) adj3 (instill* or administ*)).tw.
30. (Drop adj2 (instill* or administ*)).tw.
31. exp Prostaglandins, Synthetic/
32. (Synthetic Prostaglandins or PG Analogs or Prostaglandin Analogues or Prostaglandin Analogs or dimethylprostaglandin or methylprostaglandin or prostaglandin 1).tw.
33. latanoprost.rn.
34. (latanoprost* or PHXA41 or Xalatan or PhXA34 or 130209‐82‐4).tw.
35. travoprost.rn.
36. (travoprost* or Travatan or AL‐6221 or AL6221 or 157283‐68‐6).tw.
37. bimatoprost.rn.
38. (bimatoprost* or latisse or Lumigan or AGN192024).tw.
39. exp Adrenergic beta‐Antagonists/
40. ((Adrenergic adj1 beta* adj3 Blocker*) or (Adrenergic adj1 beta* adj3 Blockader*) or (beta* adj1 Adrenergic adj3 Blocking adj3 Agent*) or (Adrenergic adj1 beta* adj3 Antagonist*) or (beta* adj1 Adrenergic adj3 Blocking adj3 drug*) or (beta* adj2 antagonist*) or (beta* adj2 blocker*) or (beta* adj3 blocking adj2 agent*) or (beta adj3 blocking adj2 drug*) or Beta* antiadrenergic agent* or beta* sympathicolytic* or beta* sympatholytic*).tw.
41. exp timolol/
42. (Timolol* or Timoptic or Timoptol or Timacar or L‐714,465 or L714465 or MK‐950 or MK950 or Optimol or Blocadren or 26839‐75‐8).tw.
43. exp Metipranolol/
44. (Metipranolol* or Methypranol or Trimepranol or Disorat or 22664‐55‐7).tw.
45. exp Carteolol/
46. (Carteolol* or OPC‐1085 or OPC1085 or 51781‐06‐7).tw.
47. exp Levobunolol/
48. (Levobunolol* or PMS‐Levobunolol or PMSLevobunolol or ratio‐Levobunolol or Ultracortenol or Vistagan or W‐6412A or W6412A or AKBeta or Apo‐Levobunolol or ApoLevobunolol or Betagan or Bunolol or Novo‐Levobunolol or NovoLevobunolol or W‐7000A or W7000A or 47141‐42‐4).tw.
49. exp Betaxolol/
50. (Betaxolol* or Kerlone or Kerlon or Oxodal or SL‐75212 or SL75212 or ALO‐1401‐02 or ALO140102 or Betoptic or Betoptima or 63659‐18‐7).tw.
51. exp Adrenergic alpha‐Agonists/
52. ((adrenergic adj2 alpha* adj3 agonist*) or (alpha* adj2 adrenergic adj3 agent*) or (alpha* adj2 adrenergic receptor) or (alpha* adj2 adrenergic adj2 stimula*) or (alpha* adj2 adrenoceptor adj2 stimula*) or (alpha* adj3 agonist) or alpha* sympathicomimetic or noradrenalin agonist* or noradrenergic agonist* or noradrenergic receptor stimulating agent*).tw.
53. exp Adrenergic alpha‐2 Receptor Agonists/
54. exp Cholinergic Agonists/
55. ((Acetylcholine adj2 Agonist*) or cholinergic or cholinomimetic or parasympathetic agent* or parasympathetic drug* or parasympathomimetic or parasympathomimetics).tw.
56. exp Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/
57. ((Carbonic adj2 Anhydrase adj2 Inhibitor*) or (Carbonate adj2 Dehydratase adj2 Inhibitor*) or (Carboxyanhydrase adj1 Inhibitor*)).tw.
58. exp Acetazolamide/
59. (Acetazolam* or Ak‐Zol or AkZol or Apo‐Acetazolamide or ApoAcetazolamide or Diacarb or Diamox or Diuramide or Defiltran or Edemox or Glauconox or Glaupax or Huma‐Zolamide or HumaZolamide or Acetadiazol or 59‐66‐5).tw.
60. Brinzolamide.rn.
61. (Brinzolamide* or Azopt or 138890‐62‐7).tw.
62. Dorzolamide.rn.
63. (Dorzolamide* or MK‐507 or Trusopt or L‐671152 or 130693‐82‐2).tw.
64. isopropyl unoprostone.rn.
65. (isopropyl unoprostone* or unoprostone isopropyl or UF‐021 or Rescula or Eescula or 69553‐75‐9).tw.
66. Brimonidine.rn.
67. (brimonidine* or bromoxidine or ratio‐Brimonidine or Alphagan or UK‐14,308 or UK‐14304 or UK‐14304‐18 or AGN‐190342 or 59803‐98‐4).tw.
68. or/26‐67
69. exp eye/
70. exp eyelid/
71. exp Nasolacrimal Duct/
72. (ocular* or opthalm* or eye* or tear duct*).tw.
73. or/69‐72
74. 68 and 73
75. 11 and 18 and (25 or 74)
The search filter for trials at the beginning of the MEDLINE strategy is from the published paper by Glanville 2006.
Appendix 3. Embase.com search strategy
#1 'randomized controlled trial'/exp
#2 'randomization'/exp
#3 'double blind procedure'/exp
#4 'single blind procedure'/exp
#5 random*:ab,ti
#6 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5
#7 'animal'/exp OR 'animal experiment'/exp
#8 'human'/exp
#9 #7 AND #8
#10 #7 NOT #9
#11 #6 NOT #10
#12 'clinical trial'/exp
#13 (clin* NEAR/3 trial*):ab,ti
#14 ((singl* OR doubl* OR trebl* OR tripl*) NEAR/3 (blind* OR mask*)):ab,ti
#15 'placebo'/exp
#16 placebo*:ab,ti
#17 random*:ab,ti
#18 'experimental design'/exp
#19 'crossover procedure'/exp
#20 'control group'/exp
#21 'latin square design'/exp
#22 #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21
#23 #22 NOT #10
#24 #23 NOT #11
#25 'comparative study'/exp
#26 'evaluation'/exp
#27 'prospective study'/exp
#28 control*:ab,ti OR prospectiv*:ab,ti OR volunteer*:ab,ti
#29 #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28
#30 #29 NOT #10
#31 #30 NOT (#11 OR #23)
#32 #11 OR #24 OR #31
#33 'glaucoma'/exp
#34 'intraocular hypertension'/exp
#35 glaucoma*:ab,ti
#36 ((intra*ocular OR ocular*) NEAR/3 (hypertension* OR tension* OR pressure*)):ab,ti
#37 iop:ab,ti
#38 #33 OR #34 OR #35 OR #36 OR #37
#39 'intraocular drug administration'/exp
#40 (ophthalm* NEAR/3 (instill* OR administ* OR solution*)):ab,ti
#41 'eye drops'/exp
#42 eye:ab,ti AND drop*:ab,ti OR eyedrop*:ab,ti
#43 ((clos* OR occlus* OR occlud*) NEAR/3 (eyelid* OR duct* OR lid*)):ab,ti OR elc:ab,ti
#44 ((nasolacrimal* OR 'tear duct') NEAR/3 (occlus* OR obstruct* OR occlud*)):ab,ti OR nlo:ab,ti
#45 #39 OR #40 OR #41 OR #42 OR #43 OR #44
#46 'topical drug administration'/de
#47 'drug instillation'/exp
#48 topical*:ab,ti OR drops*:ab,ti
#49 ((drug* OR medicat* OR medicin*) NEAR/3 (instill* OR administ*)):ab,ti
#50 (drop NEAR/2 (instill* OR administ*)):ab,ti
#51 'prostaglandin derivative'/exp
#52 'synthetic prostaglandins':ab,ti OR 'pg analogs':ab,ti OR 'prostaglandin analogues':ab,ti OR 'prostaglandin analogs':ab,ti OR dimethylprostaglandin:ab,ti OR methylprostaglandin:ab,ti OR 'prostaglandin 1':ab,ti
#53 'latanoprost'/exp
#54 latanoprost*:ab,ti OR phxa41:ab,ti OR xalatan:ab,ti OR phxa34:ab,ti OR '130209 82 4':ab,ti OR loutenor:ab,ti
#55 'travoprost'/exp
#56 travoprost*:ab,ti OR travatan:ab,ti OR 'al 6221':ab,ti OR al6221:ab,ti OR '157283 68 6':ab,ti OR 'fluprostenol isopropyl ester':ab,ti OR 'travatan z':ab,ti
#57 'bimatoprost'/exp
#58 bimatoprost*:ab,ti OR latisse:ab,ti OR lumigan:ab,ti OR agn192024:ab,ti OR 'agn 192024':ab,ti OR '155206 00 1':ab,ti
#59 'beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent'/exp
#60 'beta adrenergic antagonist':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenergic blocker':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenergic blockers':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenergic blocking agent':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenergic blocking drug':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenergic receptor antagonist':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenergic receptor blocker':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenoceptor antagonist':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenoceptor blocker':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenoceptor blocking agent':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenoceptor blocking drug':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenolytic':ab,ti OR 'beta adrenolytic agent':ab,ti OR 'beta antagonist':ab,ti OR 'beta antiadrenergic agent':ab,ti OR 'beta blocker':ab,ti OR 'beta blocking adrenergic agent':ab,ti OR 'beta blocking agent':ab,ti OR 'beta blocking drug':ab,ti OR 'beta receptor adrenergic blocking agent':ab,ti OR 'beta receptor blocker':ab,ti OR 'beta receptor blocking agent':ab,ti OR 'beta sympathicolytic agent':ab,ti OR 'beta sympathicolytics':ab,ti OR 'beta sympatholytic agent':ab,ti OR 'betasympatholytic agent':ab,ti
#61 'timolol'/exp
#62 timolol*:ab,ti OR timoptic:ab,ti OR timoptol:ab,ti OR timacar:ab,ti OR 'l 714465':ab,ti OR l714465:ab,ti OR 'mk 950':ab,ti OR mk950:ab,ti OR blocadren:ab,ti OR '26839 75 8':ab,ti OR 'apo timolol':ab,ti OR 'apo timol':ab,ti OR 'apo timop':ab,ti OR 'apotimol':ab,ti OR apotimolol:ab,ti OR apotimop:ab,ti OR betimol:ab,ti OR istalol:ab,ti OR moducren:ab,ti OR nyolol:ab,ti OR ofal:ab,ti OR ofan:ab,ti OR optimol:ab,ti OR timolo:ab,ti OR titol:ab,ti
#63 'metipranolol'/exp
#64 metipranolol*:ab,ti OR methypranol:ab,ti OR trimepranol:ab,ti OR disorat:ab,ti OR '22664 55 7':ab,ti OR 'beta ophtiole':ab,ti OR betalol:ab,ti OR betamann:ab,ti OR betamet:ab,ti OR betanol:ab,ti OR betanolol:ab,ti OR glauline:ab,ti OR 'normoglaucon mite':ab,ti OR ophtiole:ab,ti OR optipranolol:ab,ti
#65 'carteolol'/exp
#66 carteolol*:ab,ti OR opc1085:ab,ti OR '51781 06 7':ab,ti OR '51781 21 6':ab,ti OR arteolol:ab,ti OR arteoptic:ab,ti OR arteoptik:ab,ti OR caltamol:ab,ti OR calte:ab,ti OR carbonolol:ab,ti OR carteabak:ab,ti OR carteol:ab,ti OR cartrol:ab,ti OR 'catelon eye drop':ab,ti OR elebloc:ab,ti OR endak:ab,ti OR glauteolol:ab,ti OR karol:ab,ti OR karteol:ab,ti OR mikelan:ab,ti OR ocupress:ab,ti OR 'opc 1085':ab,ti OR stobol:ab,ti OR teoptic:ab,ti
#67 'levobunolol'/exp
#68 levobunolol*:ab,ti OR 'pms levobunolol':ab,ti OR pmslevobunolol:ab,ti OR 'ratio levobunolol':ab,ti OR ultracortenol:ab,ti OR vistagan:ab,ti OR 'w 6412a':ab,ti OR w6412a:ab,ti OR akbeta:ab,ti OR 'apo levobunolol':ab,ti OR apolevobunolol:ab,ti OR betagan:ab,ti OR bunolol:ab,ti OR 'novo levobunolol':ab,ti OR novolevobunolol:ab,ti OR w7000a:ab,ti OR '47141 42 4':ab,ti OR 'ak‐beta':ab,ti OR 'ak beta':ab,ti OR betasite:ab,ti OR bunolgan:ab,ti OR gotensin:ab,ti OR 'w 7000a':ab,ti
#69 'betaxolol'/exp
#70 betaxolol*:ab,ti OR kerlone:ab,ti OR kerlon:ab,ti OR oxodal:ab,ti OR sl75212:ab,ti OR alo140102:ab,ti OR betoptic:ab,ti OR betoptima:ab,ti OR '63659 18 7':ab,ti OR 'alo 1401 02':ab,ti OR betac:ab,ti OR betarun:ab,ti OR betasel:ab,ti OR betaxon:ab,ti OR betoquin:ab,ti OR kerlong:ab,ti OR levobetaxolol:ab,ti OR lokren:ab,ti OR optibet:ab,ti OR optipress:ab,ti OR 'sl 75212':ab,ti OR tonobexol:ab,ti OR '72424 72 7':ab,ti OR '93221 48 8':ab,ti
#71 'alpha adrenergic receptor stimulating agent'/exp
#72 'adrenergic alpha‐agonists':ab,ti OR 'adrenergic alpha agonists':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic agent':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic agonist':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic receptor agent':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic receptor agonist':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic receptor stimulant':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic receptor stimulator':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic stimulant':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic stimulating agent':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenergic stimulator':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenoceptor agonist':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenoceptor stimulant':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenoceptor stimulating agent':ab,ti OR 'alpha adrenoceptor stimulator':ab,ti OR 'alpha agonist':ab,ti OR 'alpha sympathicomimetic':ab,ti OR 'alpha sympathicomimetic agent':ab,ti OR 'noradrenalin agonist':ab,ti OR 'noradrenergic agonist':ab,ti OR 'noradrenergic receptor stimulating agent':ab,ti
#73 'alpha 2 adrenergic receptor stimulating agent'/exp
#74 'cholinergic receptor stimulating agent'/exp
#75 (acetylcholine NEAR/2 agonist*):ab,ti OR cholinergic:ab,ti OR cholinomimetic:ab,ti OR parasympathetic:ab,ti AND agent*:ab,ti OR parasympathetic:ab,ti AND drug:ab,ti OR parasympathetic:ab,ti AND drugs:ab,ti OR parasympathomimetic:ab,ti OR parasympathomimetics:ab,ti
#76 'carbonate dehydratase inhibitor'/exp
#77 'carboanhydrase inhibitor':ab,ti OR 'carbonic anhydrase inhibitor':ab,ti OR 'carbonate dehydratase inhibitor':ab,ti OR 'carboanhydrase inhibitors':ab,ti OR 'carbonic anhydrase inhibitors':ab,ti OR 'carbonate dehydratase inhibitors':ab,ti
#78 'acetazolamide'/exp
#79 acetazolam*:ab,ti OR 'ak zol':ab,ti OR akzol:ab,ti OR apoacetazolamide:ab,ti OR diacarb:ab,ti OR diamox:ab,ti OR diuramide:ab,ti OR edemox:ab,ti OR glauconox:ab,ti OR glaupax:ab,ti OR 'huma zolamide':ab,ti OR humazolamide:ab,ti OR '59 66 5':ab,ti OR '1424 27 7':ab,ti OR acetadiazol:ab,ti OR acetamox:ab,ti OR 'acetazol amide':ab,ti OR acetazoleamide:ab,ti OR acetozolamine:ab,ti OR albox:ab,ti OR 'apo acetazolamide':ab,ti OR azetazolamide:ab,ti OR carbinib:ab,ti OR cidamex:ab,ti OR dazamide:ab,ti OR defiltran:ab,ti OR dehydratin:ab,ti OR diluran:ab,ti OR diomax:ab,ti OR 'diuriwas wassermann barcelona':ab,ti OR diutazol:ab,ti OR eumicton:ab,ti OR fonurit:ab,ti OR genephamide:ab,ti OR glaucomed:ab,ti OR glaucomide:ab,ti OR ledamox:ab,ti OR lediamox:ab,ti OR ledimox:ab,ti OR natrionex:ab,ti OR nephramid:ab,ti OR novozolamide:ab,ti OR storzolamide:ab,ti OR ulcosilvanil:ab,ti OR ulcosylvanil:ab,ti
#80 'brinzolamide'/exp
#81 brinzolamide*:ab,ti OR azopt:ab,ti OR '138890 62 7':ab,ti OR 'al 4862':ab,ti OR al4862:ab,ti OR azoptic:ab,ti
#82 'dorzolamide'/exp
#83 dorzolamide*:ab,ti OR trusopt:ab,ti OR '130693 82 2':ab,ti OR biodrop:ab,ti OR 'l 671 152':ab,ti OR 'l 671152':ab,ti OR 'mk 13507':ab,ti OR 'mk 0507':ab,ti OR 'mk 507':ab,ti
#84 'unoprostone isopropyl ester'/exp
#85 (unoprostone NEAR/1 isopropyl*):ab,ti OR rescula:ab,ti OR eescula:ab,ti OR '69553 75 9':ab,ti OR '120373 24 2':ab,ti OR 'uf 021':ab,ti OR uf021:ab,ti
#86 'brimonidine'/exp
#87 brimonidine*:ab,ti OR bromoxidine:ab,ti OR 'ratio brimonidine':ab,ti OR alphagan:ab,ti OR 'uk 14308':ab,ti OR '59803 98 4':ab,ti OR 'agn 190342':ab,ti OR agn190342:ab,ti OR 'alphagan‐p':ab,ti OR 'uk 14304':ab,ti OR 'uk 14304 18':ab,ti OR 'uk14304':ab,ti OR 'uk14304 18':ab,ti OR uk1430418:ab,ti
#88 #46 OR #47 OR #48 OR #49 OR #50 OR #51 OR #52 OR #53 OR #54 OR #55 OR #56 OR #57 OR #58 OR #59 OR #60 OR #61 OR #62 OR #63 OR #64 OR #65 OR #66 OR #67 OR #68 OR #69 OR #70 OR #71 OR #72 OR #73 OR #74 OR #75 OR #76 OR #77 OR #78 OR #79 OR #80 OR #81 OR #82 OR #83 OR #84 OR #85 OR #86 OR #87
#89 'eye'/exp
#90 'eyelid'/exp
#91 'eyelid closure'/exp
#92 'lacrimal duct'/exp
#93 ocular*:ab,ti OR opthalm*:ab,ti OR eye*:ab,ti OR (tear NEAR/1 duct*):ab,ti
#94 #89 OR #90 OR #91 OR #92 OR #93
#95 #88 AND #94
#96 #32 AND #38 AND (#45 OR #95)
Appendix 4. PubMed search strategy
#1. (glaucoma*[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#2. ((intraocular[tiab] OR ocular*[tiab]) AND (hypertension*[tiab] OR tension*[tiab] OR pressure*[tiab])) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#3. (IOP[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#4. #1 OR #2 OR #3
#5. (ophthalm*[tiab] AND (instill*[tiab] OR administ*[tiab] OR solution*[tiab])) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#6. (eye drop*[tiab] OR eyedrop*[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#7. (((clos*[tiab] OR occlus*[tiab] OR occlud*[tiab]) AND (eyelid*[tiab] OR duct*[tiab] OR lid*[tiab])) OR ELC[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#8. (((nasolacrimal*[tiab] OR "tear duct"[tiab]) AND (occlus*[tiab] OR obstruct*[tiab] OR occlud*[tiab])) OR NLO[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#9. #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8
#10. (topical*[tiab] OR drops[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#11. ((drug[tiab] OR drugs[tiab] OR medicat*[tiab] OR medicin*[tiab]) AND (instill*[tiab] OR administ*[tiab])) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#12. (Drop[tiab] AND (instill*[tiab] OR administ*[tiab])) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#13. ("Synthetic Prostaglandins"[tiab] OR "PG Analogs"[tiab] OR "Prostaglandin Analogues"[tiab] OR "Prostaglandin Analogs"[tiab] OR dimethylprostaglandin[tiab] OR methylprostaglandin[tiab] OR "prostaglandin 1"[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#14. (latanoprost*[tiab] OR PHXA41[tiab] OR Xalatan[tiab] OR PhXA34[tiab] OR 130209‐82‐4[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#15. (travoprost*[tiab] OR Travatan[tiab] OR AL‐6221[tiab] OR AL6221[tiab] OR 157283‐68‐6[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#16. (bimatoprost*[tiab] OR latisse[tiab] OR Lumigan[tiab] OR AGN192024[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#17. ((Adrenergic[tiab] AND beta*[tiab] AND (Blocker*[tiab] OR Blockader*[tiab] OR Blocking[tiab] OR Antagonist*[tiab])) OR (beta*[tiab] AND (antagonist*[tiab] OR blocker*[tiab] OR blocking[tiab])) OR Beta* antiadrenergic agent*[tiab] OR beta* sympathicolytic*[tiab] OR beta* sympatholytic*[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#18. (Timolol*[tiab] OR Timoptic[tiab] OR Timoptol[tiab] OR Timacar[tiab] OR L‐714,465[tiab] OR L714465[tiab] or MK‐950[tiab] OR MK950[tiab] OR Optimol[tiab] OR Blocadren[tiab] OR 26839‐75‐8[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#19. (Metipranolol*[tiab] OR Methypranol[tiab] OR Trimepranol[tiab] OR Disorat[tiab] OR 22664‐55‐7[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#20. (Carteolol*[tiab] OR OPC‐1085[tiab] OR OPC1085[tiab] OR 51781‐06‐7[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#21. (Levobunolol*[tiab] OR "PMS‐Levobunolol"[tiab] OR PMSLevobunolol[tiab] OR "ratio‐Levobunolol" OR Ultracortenol[tiab] OR Vistagan[tiab] OR W‐6412A[tiab] OR W6412A[tiab] OR AKBeta[tiab] OR "Apo‐Levobunolol"[tiab] OR ApoLevobunolol[tiab] OR Betagan[tiab] OR Bunolol[tiab] OR "Novo‐Levobunolol"[tiab] OR NovoLevobunolol[tiab] OR W‐7000A[tiab] OR W7000A[tiab] OR 47141‐42‐4[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#22. (Betaxolol*[tiab] OR Kerlone[tiab] OR Kerlon[tiab] OR Oxodal[tiab] OR SL‐75212[tiab] OR SL75212[tiab] OR ALO‐1401‐02[tiab] OR ALO140102[tiab] OR Betoptic[tiab] OR Betoptima[tiab] OR 63659‐18‐7[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#23. ((adrenergic[tiab] AND alpha*[tiab] AND (agent*[tiab] OR receptor[tiab] OR stimula*[tiab])) OR (alpha*[tiab] AND adrenoceptor[tiab] AND stimula*[tiab]) OR (alpha*[tiab] AND agonist[tiab]) OR alpha* sympathicomimetic[tiab] OR noradrenalin agonist*[tiab] OR noradrenergic agonist*[tiab] OR noradrenergic receptor stimulating agent*[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#24. ((Acetylcholine[tiab] AND Agonist*[tiab]) OR cholinergic[tiab] OR cholinomimetic[tiab] OR parasympathetic agent*[tiab] OR parasympathetic drug*[tiab] OR parasympathomimetic[tiab] OR parasympathomimetics[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#25. ((Carbonic[tiab] AND Anhydrase[tiab] Inhibitor*[tiab]) OR (Carbonate[tiab] AND Dehydratase[tiab] AND Inhibitor*[tiab]) OR (Carboxyanhydrase[tiab] AND Inhibitor*[tiab])) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#26. (Acetazolam*[tiab] OR Ak‐Zol[tiab] OR AkZol[tiab] OR Apo‐Acetazolamide[tiab] OR ApoAcetazolamide[tiab] OR Diacarb[tiab] OR Diamox[tiab] OR Diuramide[tiab] OR Defiltran[tiab] OR Edemox[tiab] OR Glauconox[tiab] OR Glaupax[tiab] OR Huma‐Zolamide[tiab] OR HumaZolamide[tiab] OR Acetadiazol[tiab] OR 59‐66‐5[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#27. (Brinzolamide*[tiab] OR Azopt[tiab] OR 138890‐62‐7[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#28. (Dorzolamide*[tiab] OR MK‐507[tiab] OR Trusopt[tiab] OR L‐671152[tiab] OR 130693‐82‐2[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#29. (isopropyl unoprostone*[tiab] OR "unoprostone isopropyl"[tiab] OR UF‐021[tiab] OR Rescula[tiab] OR Eescula[tiab] OR 69553‐75‐9[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#30. (brimonidine*[tiab] OR bromoxidine[tiab] OR ratio‐Brimonidine[tiab] OR Alphagan[tiab] OR UK‐14,308[tiab] OR UK‐14304[tiab] OR UK‐14304‐18[tiab] OR AGN‐190342[tiab] OR 59803‐98‐4[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#31. #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30
#32. (ocular*[tiab] OR opthalm*[tiab] OR eye*[tiab] OR tear duct*[tiab]) NOT MEDLINE[sb]
#33. #31 AND #32
#34. #4 AND (#9 OR #33)
#35. ((randomized controlled trial[pt]) OR (controlled clinical trial[pt]) OR (randomised[tiab] OR randomized[tiab]) OR (placebo[tiab]) OR (drug therapy[sh]) OR (randomly[tiab]) OR (trial[tiab]) OR (groups[tiab])) NOT (animals[mh] NOT humans[mh])
#36. #34 AND #35
Appendix 5. LILACS search strategy
(Glaucoma$ OR MH:C11.525.381$ OR "Ocular Hypertension" OR "Hipertensión Ocular" OR "Hipertensão Ocular" OR MH:C11.525$ OR "Intraocular Pressure" OR "Presión Intraocular" OR "Pressão Intra‐Ocular" OR MH:G14.440$ OR IOP OR "intraocular hypertension" OR "intraocular tension" OR "intraocular pressure" OR "ocular tension" OR "ocular pressure") AND (("Ophthalmic Administration" OR "Administración Oftálmica" OR "Administração Oftálmica" OR "Ocular Administration" OR MH:E02.319.267.120.805$ OR ((ophthalm$) AND (instill$ OR administ$ OR solution$)) OR "Ophthalmic Solutions" OR "Soluciones Oftálmicas" OR "Soluções Oftálmicas" OR MH:D26.255.775.645$ OR eyedrop$ OR eyedrop OR "eye drop" OR "eye drops" OR ((clos$ OR occulus$ OR occlude$) AND (eyelid$ OR duct$ OR lid$ OR nasolacrimal$)) OR ELC OR NLO) OR ((Topical$ OR Tópica$ OR drops OR MH:E02.319.267.120$ OR "Drug Instillation" OR "Instilación de Medicamentos" OR "Instilação de Medicamentos" OR MH:E02.319.267.641$ OR ((drug$ OR medicat$ OR medicin$ OR drop) AND (instill$ OR administ$)) OR "Synthetic Prostaglandins" OR "Prostaglandinas Sintéticas" OR MH:D10.251.355.255.550.700$ OR "PG Analogs" OR "Prostaglandin Analogues" OR "Prostaglandin Analogs" OR latanoprost$ OR Xalatan OR Travoprost$ OR Travatan OR bimatoprost$ OR Lumigan OR "Adrenergic beta Antagonists" OR "Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta" OR "beta Adrenergic Receptor Blockader" OR "beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent" OR MH:D27.505.519.625.050.200.200$ OR Timolol$ OR MH:D02.033.100.624.915$ OR Timoptic OR Timoptol OR Metipranolol$ OR Trimepranol OR MH:D02.033.100.624.545$ OR Carteolol$ OR MH:D02.033.100.624.210$ OR Levobunolol$ OR Bunolol OR MH:D02.033.100.624.500$ OR Betaxolol$ OR Betoptic OR MH: D02.033.100.624.102$ OR "Adrenergic alpha Agonists" OR "alpha Adrenergic Receptor Agonists" OR "Adrenergic alpha Receptor Agonists" OR MH:D27.505.519.625.050.100.100$ OR "Adrenergic alpha 2 Receptor Agonists" OR "Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2" OR MH:D27.505.519.625.050.100.100.200$ OR "Cholinergic Agonists" OR "Agonistas Colinérgicos" OR "Acetylcholine Agonists" OR MH: D27.505.519.625.120.140$ OR "Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors" OR "Inhibidores de Anhidrasa Carbónica" OR "Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica" OR "Carbonate Dehydratase Inhibitors" OR MH:D27.505.519.389.200$ OR Acetazolam$ OR Diamox OR MH: D02.886.675.867.060$ OR Brinzolamide$ OR Dorzolamide$ OR Trusopt OR isopropyl unoprostone$ OR Rescula OR brimonidine$ OR Alphagan) AND (eye OR Ojo OR Olho OR MH:A01.456.505.420$ OR eyelids OR Párpados OR Pálpebras OR MH:A01.456.505.420.504$ OR "Nasolacrimal Duct" OR "Conducto Nasolagrimal" OR "Ducto Nasolacrimal" OR MH:A09.371.463.640$ OR ocular$ OR opthalm$ OR eye$ OR tear duct$)) )
Appendix 6. International Pharmaceutical Abstracts search strategy
S1 glaucoma*
S2 ((intra#ocular OR ocular*) AND (hypertension* OR tension* OR pressure*))
S3 IOP
S4 S1 OR S2 OR S3
S5 (ophthalm* AND (instill* OR administ* OR solution*))
S6 (eye drop* OR eyedrop*)
S7 (((clos* OR occlus* OR occlud*) AND (eyelid* OR duct* OR lid*)) OR ELC)
S8 (((nasolacrimal* OR 'tear duct') AND (occlus* OR obstruct* OR occlud*)) OR NLO)
S9 S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8
S10 topical* OR drops
S11 ((drug* OR medicat* OR medicin*) AND (instill* OR administ*))
S12 (Drop AND (instill* OR administ*))
S13 ("Synthetic Prostaglandins" OR "PG Analogs" OR "Prostaglandin Analogues" OR "Prostaglandin Analogs" OR dimethylprostaglandin OR methylprostaglandin OR "prostaglandin 1")
S14 (latanoprost* OR PHXA41 OR Xalatan OR PhXA34 OR 130209‐82‐4)
S15 (travoprost* OR Travatan OR AL‐6221 OR AL6221 OR 157283‐68‐6)
S16 (bimatoprost* OR latisse OR Lumigan OR AGN192024)
S17 ((Adrenergic N1 beta* AND Blocker*) OR (Adrenergic AND beta* AND Blockader*) OR (beta* AND Adrenergic AND Blocking AND Agent*) OR (Adrenergic AND beta* AND Antagonist*) OR (beta* AND Adrenergic AND Blocking AND drug*) OR (beta* AND antagonist*) OR (beta* AND blocker*) OR (beta* AND blocking AND agent*) OR (beta AND blocking AND drug*) OR Beta* antiadrenergic agent* OR beta* sympathicolytic* OR beta* sympatholytic*)
S18 (Timolol* OR Timoptic OR Timoptol OR Timacar OR L‐714,465 OR L714465 OR MK‐950 OR MK950 OR Optimol OR Blocadren OR 26839‐75‐8)
S19 (Metipranolol* or Methypranol or Trimepranol or Disorat or 22664‐55‐7)
S20 (Carteolol* or OPC‐1085 or OPC1085 or 51781‐06‐7)
S21 (Levobunolol* or PMS‐Levobunolol or PMSLevobunolol or ratio‐Levobunolol or Ultracortenol or Vistagan or W‐6412A or W6412A or AKBeta or Apo‐Levobunolol or ApoLevobunolol or Betagan or Bunolol or Novo‐Levobunolol or NovoLevobunolol or W‐7000A or W7000A or 47141‐42‐4)
S22 (Betaxolol* or Kerlone or Kerlon or Oxodal or SL‐75212 or SL75212 or ALO‐1401‐02 or ALO140102 or Betoptic or Betoptima or 63659‐18‐7)
S23 ((adrenergic N2 alpha* N3 agonist*) or (alpha* N2 adrenergic N3 agent*) or (alpha* N2 adrenergic receptor) or (alpha* N2 adrenergic N2 stimula*) or (alpha* N2 adrenoceptor N2 stimula*) or (alpha* N3 agonist) or alpha* sympathicomimetic or noradrenalin agonist* or noradrenergic agonist* or noradrenergic receptor stimulating agent*)
S24 ((Acetylcholine N2 Agonist*) or cholinergic or cholinomimetic or parasympathetic agent* or parasympathetic drug* or parasympathomimetic or parasympathomimetics)
S25 ((Carbonic N2 Anhydrase N2 Inhibitor*) or (Carbonate N2 Dehydratase N2 Inhibitor*) or (Carboxyanhydrase N1 Inhibitor*))
S26 (Acetazolam* or Ak‐Zol or AkZol or Apo‐Acetazolamide or ApoAcetazolamide or Diacarb or Diamox or Diuramide or Defiltran or Edemox or Glauconox or Glaupax or Huma‐Zolamide or HumaZolamide or Acetadiazol or 59‐66‐5)
S27 (Brinzolamide* or Azopt or 138890‐62‐7)
S28 (Dorzolamide* or MK‐507 or Trusopt or L‐671152 or 130693‐82‐2)
S29 (isopropyl unoprostone* or "unoprostone isopropy"l or UF‐021 or Rescula or Eescula or 69553‐75‐9)
S30 (brimonidine* or bromoxidine or ratio‐Brimonidine or Alphagan or UK‐14,308 or UK‐14304 or UK‐14304‐18 or AGN‐190342 or 59803‐98‐4)
S31 S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30
S32 (ocular* or opthalm* or eye* or eyelid or tear duct* or "nasolacrimal duct")
S33 S31 AND S32
S34 S4 AND (S9 OR S33)
Appendix 7. metaRegister of Controlled Trials search strategy
(Glaucoma OR glaucomas OR "ocular hypertension") AND ("Ophthalmic solution" OR Instillation OR Topical OR Topically OR "eyelid closure" OR "eye lid closure" OR "nasolacrimal occlusion" OR eyedrop OR eyedrops OR drops)
Appendix 8. ClinicalTrials.gov search strategy
(condition) Glaucoma OR glaucomas OR "ocular hypertension"
(intervention) "Ophthalmic solution" OR Instillation OR Topical OR Topically OR "eyelid closure" OR "eye lid closure" OR "nasolacrimal occlusion" OR eyedrop OR eyedrops OR drops
Appendix 9. ICTRP search strategy
(condition) Glaucoma OR glaucomas OR ocular hypertension
(intervention) Ophthalmic solution OR Instillation OR Topical OR Topically OR eyelid closure OR eyedrop OR eyedrops
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgments about each risk of bias item for each included study.
| Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma | ||||||
| Population: participants with glaucoma or ocular hypertension Settings: ophthalmology clinics Intervention: any intervention aimed to increase effectiveness or reduce adverse events when using topical medications (e.g. eyelid closure, nasolacrimal occlusion, removal of excess fluid after instillation) Comparison: no intervention | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of participants | Certainty of the evidence | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| No intervention | Instillation intervention | |||||
| Proportion of participants with IOP < 21 mmHg at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | ‐ | ||||
| Mean IOP change from baseline at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | 1 trial reported that reduction of IOP was similar in eyes when the eyelid was kept closed for up to 3 minutes after instillation of drops than fellow eyes that did not practice eyelid closure at 2 weeks (MD ‐0.33 mmHg, 95% CI ‐0.8 to 1.5; 51 participants); moderate‐certainty evidence.1 | ||||
| Participant‐reported outcomes related to the ease, convenience, and comfort of instillation at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | ‐ | ||||
| Physiologic measurements of systemic absorption at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | ‐ | ||||
| Escalation of therapy at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | ‐ | ||||
| Mean change in visual fields at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | ‐ | ||||
| Adverse events at 1 year' follow‐up | Not reported | 1 trial with up to 4 months' follow‐up reported that eyelashes were shorter among eyes when participants had wiped to remove excess fluid compared with fellow eyes that were not wiped (MD ‐1.70 mm, 95% CI ‐3.46 to 0.06; 10 participants) and fewer eyes had eyelash growth of > 1.5 mm when wiping compared with not wiping (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.24); low‐certainty evidence.1,2 This same trial also reported that fewer eyes showed skin hyperpigmentation in the eyelid region towards the nose when wiping compared with not wiping (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.84); however, the difference was not certain when assessing skin hyperpigmentation in the eyelid region towards the temples (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.66) or hair growth on the skin around the eye (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.17 to 5.98); low‐certainty evidence.1,2 | ||||
| *The basis for the assumed risk is the risk in the control group. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the control group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; IOP: intraocular pressure; MD: mean difference; RR: risk ratio. | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
| 1Downgraded one level for risk of performance, detection bias, or both. | ||||||
| Drug class | Ocular adverse events | Systemic adverse events |
| Alpha‐agonists (e.g. apraclonidine, brimonidine) | Allergic reactions Blurred vision Burning/stinging/discomfort Follicular conjunctival response Hyperemia Itching Photophobia | Allergic reactions Drowsiness Dry mouth Fatigue Headache Hypotension |
| Beta‐blockers (e.g. betaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol, timolol) | Allergy Blurred vision Burning/stinging/discomfort Corneal erosion Dry eyes Hyperemia Hypotony Ptosis Superficial punctate keratitis Visual disturbances | Bradycardia Depression Dizziness or light‐headedness Fatigue Headache Indigestion or heart pain Insomnia Joint pain Nausea Shortness of breath |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide) | Allergy Blurred vision Burning/stinging/discomfort Dry eyes Foreign body sensation Hyperemia Photophobia Superficial punctate keratitis | Allergic reactions Bitter or metallic taste Dizziness Fatigue Gastrointestinal distress Headache |
| Parasympathomimetics (e.g. carbachol, pilocarpine) | Blurred vision Burning/stinging/discomfort Eyelid twitching Hyperemia Itching Increased tearing Poor vision in dim light Visual disturbances | Dizziness Headache Hypoglycemia Increased saliva Increased sweating Nausea |
| Prostaglandin analogues (e.g. bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost) | Blurred vision Burning/stinging/discomfort Dry eyes Eyelash growth Foreign body sensation Hyperemia Increased tearing Iris/skin discoloration Itching Photophobia | Cold symptoms Exacerbation of asthma Facial rash Joint or muscle pain Upper respiratory infection |
