Acupuncture for primary hypercholesterolaemia
References
Additional references
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th Edition. New York: WH Freeman, 2002.
Birch S, Felt R. Understanding Acupuncture. London: Harcourt Brace and Company Limited, 1999.
Brown MS, Goldstein JL. A receptor‐mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science 1986;232(4746):34‐47.
Cabioğlu MT, Ergene N. Electroacupuncture therapy for weight loss reduces serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels in obese women. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2005;33(4):525‐33.
Ernst E, White AR. Prospective studies of the safety of acupuncture: a systematic review. The American Journal of Medicine 2001;110(6):481‐5.
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21(11):1539‐58.
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta‐analysis. BMJ 2003;327(7414):557‐60.
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Spiegelhalter DJ. A re‐evaluation of random‐effects meta‐analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 2009;172(1):137‐59.
Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.
Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928.
Kang Y, Li M, Yan W, Li X, Kang J, Zhang Y. Electroacupuncture alters the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and immune reaction in liver of hypercholesterolemia mice. Biotechnology Letters 2007;29(12):1817‐24.
Kaptchuck T. Chinese Medicine: The Web That Has No Weaver. London: Rider, 2000.
Kirkham JJ, Dwan KM, Altman DG, Gamble C, Dodd S, Smyth R, et al. The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews. BMJ 2010;340:c365. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c365]
Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG. By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease?. BMJ 1994;308(6925):367‐72.
Li M, Zhang Y. Modulation of gene expression in cholesterol‐lowering effect of electroacupuncture at Fenglong acupoint (ST40): a cDNA microarray study. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 2007;19(4):617‐29.
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic and meta‐analyses of studies that evaluate interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 1999;6(7):1‐28. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100]
MacPherson H, Altman DG, Hammerschlag R, Youping L, Taixiang W, White A, et al. Revised Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement. PLoS Med 2010;7(6):e1000261.
Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current Perspectives on Statins. Circulation 2000;101(2):207‐13.
Melchart D, Weidenhammer W, Streng A, Reitmayr S, Hoppe A, Ernst E, et al. Prospective investigation of adverse effects of acupuncture in 97,733 patients. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004;164(1):104‐5.
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106(25):3143.
Rang H, Dale M, Ritter J, Flower R. Rang and Dale's Pharmacology. 6th Edition. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.
Riley RD, Higgins JP, Deeks JJ. Interpretation of random effects meta‐analyses. BMJ 2011;342:d549.
Shiraishi T, Onoe M, Kojima T, Sameshima Y, Kageyama T. Effects of auricular stimulation on feeding‐related hypothalamic neuronal activity in normal and obese rats. Brain Research Bulletin 1995;36(2):141‐8.
Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;343:d4002.
Vega GL, Denke MA, Grundy SM. Metabolic basis of primary hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 1991;84(1):118‐28. [PUBMED: 2060088]
Wenhe Z, Yucun S. Change in levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and their main metabolites of rat brain after electric acupuncture treatment. International Journal of Neuroscience 1981;15(3):147‐9.
White A, Ernst E. A brief history of acupuncture. Rheumatology 2004;43(5):662‐3.
World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/global_health_risks/en/index.html (accessed 18 September 2012).
World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report2010/en/ (accessed 18 September 2012).
Wood L, Egger M, Gluud LL, Schulz KF, Juni P, Altman DG, et al. Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta‐epidemiological study. BMJ 2008;336(7644):601‐5.
Xue C, Zhang A, Lin V, Myers R, Polus B, Story D. Acupuncture, chiropractic and osteopathy use in Australia: a national population survey. BMC Public Health 2008;8(1):105.
Zhang J, Shang H, Gao X, Ernst E. Acupuncture‐related adverse events: a systematic review of the Chinese literature. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010;88(12):915‐21.
| Characteristic Study ID | Intervention(s) and | [n] screened/eligible | [n] randomised | [n] safety | [n] ITT | [n] finishing study | [%] randomised |
| Study 1 | intervention 1 | ||||||
| intervention 2 | |||||||
| control 1 | |||||||
| control 2 | |||||||
| total: | |||||||
| Study 2 | intervention 1 | ||||||
| intervention 2 | |||||||
| control 1 | |||||||
| control 2 | |||||||
| total: | |||||||
| Study 3 | intervention 1 | ||||||
| intervention 2 | |||||||
| control 1 | |||||||
| control 2 | |||||||
| total: | |||||||
| Study 4 | intervention 1 | ||||||
| intervention 2 | |||||||
| control 1 | |||||||
| control 2 | |||||||
| total: | |||||||
| Total | All interventions | ... | ... | ||||
| All controls | ... | ... | |||||
| All interventions and controls | ... | ... | |||||
| "‐" denotes not reported ITT: intention‐to‐treat | |||||||
Figures and Tables -
Table 1. Overview of study populations
