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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural group‐based parenting programmes for early‐onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years

Information

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2Copy DOI
Database:
  1. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Version published:
  1. 15 February 2012see what's new
Type:
  1. Intervention
Stage:
  1. Review
Cochrane Editorial Group:
  1. Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group

Copyright:
  1. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Authors

  • Mairead Furlong

    Correspondence to: Department of Psychology, John Hume Building, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland

    [email protected]

    [email protected]

  • Sinead McGilloway

    Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland

  • Tracey Bywater

    Institute for Effective Education, University of York, York, UK

  • Judy Hutchings

    Centre for Evidence Based Early Intervention, School of Psychology, College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK

  • Susan M Smith

    Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland

  • Michael Donnelly

    Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK

Contributions of authors

Mairead Furlong (MF) wrote the text of the protocol with input and amendments advised by all members of the review team (Sinéad McGilloway (SMcG), Tracey Bywater (TB), Judy Hutchings (JH), Michael Donnolly (MD) and Susan Smith (SS)). MF developed the search strategy for this protocol in conjunction with Jo Abbott, Trials Search Coordinator of the Cochrane CDPLPG. The searches were conducted by MF. Both MF and TB independently selected potentially eligible studies from the search lists, with any differences resolved by discussion. MF retrieved the full text of any potentially eligible study and any differences were discussed between TB and MF, and where necessary with SMcG. Both MF and TB contacted authors if necessary to enable the inclusion or exclusion of studies. Both MF and TB independently extracted data from included studies. Most differences in data extraction were resolved between MF and TB, although SMcG was also involved in discussions. MF contacted all included authors to obtain missing data. MF drew up a table of outcomes and a characteristics of included studies table which were analysed by the full team in order to make decisions on whether meta‐analysis was suitable and other issues pertaining to the analysis. MF conducted the analyses and wrote the text within the review, with input and support provided by all team members.

Sources of support

Internal sources

  • Department of Psychology, NUI Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland.

External sources

  • Cochrane Fellowship Funding, Health Research Board (HRB), Ireland.

Declarations of interest

Dr Sinéad McGilloway, Dr Tracey Bywater and Dr Michael Donnelly are currently members of a collaborative research team that has been commissioned to undertake a four‐year national evaluation of Webster‐Stratton’s Incredible Years Parent, Child and Teacher Training Series in Ireland.

Ms Mairead Furlong is a Doctoral Fellow and member of the Incredible Years Ireland Study project team; she is leading on the process evaluation of the parent training RCT. The Incredible Years Ireland Study is funded by the Atlantic Philanthropies (an American philanthropic organisation who fund high quality research in Ireland and elsewhere) in collaboration with a community‐based organisation in Ireland called Archways. The proposed review is not part of the funded programme of research but, instead, forms an independent piece of work that is led by Mairead Furlong.

Professor Judy Hutchings is currently external advisor to the above research and is based at Bangor University, Wales. The Welsh team have conducted a series of evaluations of the Incredible Years programmes.

Acknowledgements

We would like to convey a special note of thanks to Professor Geraldine Macdonald, Editor of the Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and. Learning Problems Group (CDPLPG) and to current (Laura MacDonald) and previous managing editors (Chris Champion, Dr Jane Dennis) of the CDPLPG for their helpful suggestions and ongoing advice, support and patience in writing this review. We would also like to thank all the authors who responded to us and particularly to those of included studies who took the time to provide us with missing data; see Appendix 3 for responses from authors. Lastly, we acknowledge with thanks the funding and training provided for the lead author (MF) by means of a Cochrane Fellowship from the Health Research Board in Ireland.

Version history

Published

Title

Stage

Authors

Version

2012 Feb 15

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural group‐based parenting programmes for early‐onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years

Review

Mairead Furlong, Sinead McGilloway, Tracey Bywater, Judy Hutchings, Susan M Smith, Michael Donnelly

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2

2010 Jan 20

Behavioural/cognitive‐behavioural group‐based parenting interventions for children age 3‐12 with early onset conduct problems

Protocol

Mairead Furlong, Sinead McGilloway, Tracey Bywater, Judy Hutchings, Michael Donnelly, Susan M Smith, Ciaran O'Neill

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008225

Differences between protocol and review

We made eight amendments.

Why it is important to do this review: we amended the second paragraph in order to provide a more thorough description and analysis of previous reviews conducted in the area. Thus, the differences between the current and previous reviews are more clearly delineated.

Types of studies: in the protocol, we inadvertently omitted to mention that studies involving children with serious comorbid physical and intellectual impairments (for example, autism spectrum disorders, Down Syndrome, tic disorders, significant language delay and learning problems) were also excluded from the review.

Types of outcomes: in the protocol, we stated that the follow‐up should be at least three months following treatment. This proved to be too restrictive and it was amended, therefore, to include all short‐term outcomes, whether conducted immediately post‐treatment or up to three months following treatment.

Types of outcomes: in the protocol, we stated that we would investigate the impact of the intervention on the outcome of parenting skills. However, during the review process, it was necessary to differentiate between positive (for example, praise, positive affect, play, proactive discipline) and negative (for example, physical and verbal criticism, negative commands) parenting practices as the intervention could possibly effect change in either one or the other, in both or in none of them. Moreover, it was necessary to distinguish between positive and negative parenting practices in order to explore which aspects of parenting practices act as causal mechanisms within behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural group‐based parenting interventions.

Measures of treatment effect: dichotomous data for child conduct problems and child emotional problems are presented as risk ratios (RR) rather than as odds ratios (OR) as specified in the protocol. After seeking advice at Cochrane workshops, we understand that risk ratios are more commonly reported and are much easier for the reader to interpret and use.

Subgroup analyses: in the protocol, we stated that we would conduct a subgroup analysis on implementation fidelity, as measured by assessing the training and supervision of facilitators delivering the programme. However, in conducting the review, we found that this measure of fidelity was rather basic and incomplete and so we included additional measures of implementation fidelity, namely, evidence of adherence to protocols, exposure to the programme, quality of delivery and programme differentiation.

Sensitivity analyses: in the protocol, we stated that we would exclude studies with attrition rates larger than 20%. In order to provide a more rigorous examination of the impact of missing data, we added that we would also exclude studies without an intention‐to‐treat analysis. Furthermore, within the review, we provided a more operational definition of quasi‐randomisation, i.e. the removal of studies with inadequate sequence generation or inadequate allocation concealment. We also included one additional sensitivity analysis that was not specified in the protocol; in order to provide an overall picture of the effect of risk of bias on the meta‐analyses, we excluded any studies with evidence of risk of bias in any key domain of inadequate randomisation, blinding, or attrition greater than 20% in either the control or intervention groups. Lastly, the sensitivity analyses on fidelity and short‐term versus long‐term outcomes were not conducted within the current review as all of the studies reported on fidelity and all included studies reported only short‐term outcomes.

Notes

This review is co‐registered within the Campbell Collaboration.

PICOs

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

The PICO model is widely used and taught in evidence-based health care as a strategy for formulating questions and search strategies and for characterizing clinical studies or meta-analyses. PICO stands for four different potential components of a clinical question: Patient, Population or Problem; Intervention; Comparison; Outcome.

See more on using PICO in the Cochrane Handbook.