Appendix 1. MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy

1. cellular phone/

2. text messag$.ab,ti.

3. texting.ab,ti.

4. short messag$.ab,ti.

5. sms.ab,ti.

6. (multimedia messag$ or multi‐media messag$).ab,ti.

7. mms.ab,ti.

8. ((cellular phone$ or cell phone$ or mobile phone$) and (messag$ or text$)).ab,ti.

9. or/1‐8

10. randomized controlled trial.pt.

11. controlled clinical trial.pt.

12. randomized controlled trials.sh.

13. random allocation.sh.

14. double blind method.sh.

15. single blind method.sh.

16. or/10‐15

17. animals/ not (human/ and animals/)

18. 16 not 17

19. clinical trial.pt.

20. exp clinical trials/

21. (clin$ adj25 trial$).ti,ab.

22. ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).ti,ab.

23. placebos.sh.

24. placebo$.ti,ab.

25. random$.ti,ab.

26. research design.sh.

27. or/19‐26

28. 27 not 17

29. 18 or 28

30. exp evaluation studies/

31. follow up studies/

32. prospective studies/

33. (control$ or prospectiv$ or volunteer$).tw.

34. cross over studies/

35. comparative study/

36. or/30‐35

37. experiment$.tw.

38. (time adj series).tw.

39. (pre test or pretest or (posttest or post test)).tw.

40. (pre intervention or preintervention or (post intervention or postintervention)).tw.

41. (impact$ or intervention$ or chang$ or outcome$).tw.

42. effect$.tw.

43. or/37‐42

44. 36 and 43

45. animals/ not (human/ and animals/

46. 44 not 45

47. 29 or 46

48. 47 and 9

49. limit 48 to yr="1993 ‐ 2008"