Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Interventions (autres que pharmacologiques, psychosociales ou psychologiques) pour le traitement de la dépression prénatale

This is not the most recent version

view the current version 31 July 2013
Collapse all Expand all

References

References to studies included in this review

Jump to:

Manber 2004 {published data only}

Manber R, Schnyer RN, Allen JJ, Rush AJ, Blasey CM. Acupuncture: a promising treatment for depression during pregnancy. Journal of Affective Disorders 2004;83:89‐95.

References to studies excluded from this review

Jump to:

Epperson 2004 {published data only}

Epperson CN, Terman M, Terman JS, Hanusa BH, Oren DA, Peindl KS, et al. Randomized clinical trial of bright light therapy for antepartum depression: preliminary findings. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004;65(3):421‐5.
Wisner KL. Light treatment for antepartum depression. 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2004 May 1‐6; New York, NY. 2004.

Field 2004 {published data only}

Field T, Diego MA, Hernandez‐Reif M, Schanberg S, Kuhn C. Massage therapy effects on depressed pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004;25:115‐22.

Hayes 2001 {published data only}

Hayes BA, Muller R, Bradley BS. Perinatal depression: a randomized controlled trial of an antenatal education intervention for primiparas. Birth 2001;28(1):28‐35.

References to studies awaiting assessment

Jump to:

Bosco 2007 {published data only}

Bosco Guerreiro da Silva J. Acupuncture for mild to moderate emotional complaints in pregnancy‐‐a prospective, quasi‐randomised, controlled study. Acupuncture in Medicine 2007;25(3):65‐71.

Doornbos 2009 {published data only}

Doornbos B, van Goor SA, Dijck‐Brouwer DA, Schaafsma A, Korf J, Muskiet FA. Supplementation of a low dose of DHA or DHA+AA does not prevent peripartum depressive symptoms in a small population based sample. Progress in Neuro‐Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2009;33(1):49‐52.

Field 2008 {published data only}

Field T, Figueiredo B, Hernandez‐Reif M, Diego M, Deeds O, Ascencio A. Massage therapy reduces pain in pregnant women, alleviates prenatal depression in both parents and improves their relationships. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2008;12(2):146‐50.

Field 2009 {published data only}

Field T, Deeds O, Diego M, Hernandez‐Reif M, Gauler A, Sullivan S, et al. Benefits of combining massage therapy with group interpersonal psychotherapy in prenatally depressed women. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies 2009;13(4):297‐303.

Freeman 2007 {published data only}

Freeman MP, Sinha P. Tolerability of omega‐3 fatty acid supplements in perinatal women. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes & Essential Fatty Acids 2007;77(3‐4):203‐8.

Freeman 2008 {published data only}

Freeman MP, Davis M, Sinha P, Wisner KL, Hibbeln JR, Gelenberg AJ. Omega‐3 fatty acids and supportive psychotherapy for perinatal depression: a randomized placebo‐controlled study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008;110(1‐2):142‐8.

Freeman 2010 {published data only}

Freeman MP, Davis MF. Supportive psychotherapy for perinatal depression: preliminary data for adherence and response. Depression and Anxiety 2010;27(1):39‐45.

Manber 2009 {published data only}

Manber R, Schnyer R, Chambers A, Lyell D, Caughey A, Carlyle E, et al. Acupuncture for depression during pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009;201(6 Suppl 1):S19.

Manber 2010 {published data only}

Manber R, Schnyer RN, Lyell D, Chambers AS, Caughey AB, Druzin M, et al. Acupuncture for depression during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2010;115(3):511‐20.

Rees 2008 {published data only}

Rees AM, Austin MP, Parker GB. Omega‐3 fatty acids as a treatment for perinatal depression: randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2008;42(3):199‐205.

Su 2008 {published data only}

Su KP, Huang SY, Chiu TH, Huang KC, Huang CL, Chang HC, et al. Omega‐3 fatty acids for major depressive disorder during pregnancy: results from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2008;69(4):644‐51.

Additional references

Jump to:

Armstrong 2003

Armstrong K, Edwards H. The effects of exercise and social support on mothers reporting depressive symptoms: a pilot randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 2003;12:130‐8.

Armstrong 2004

Armstrong K, Edwards H. The effectiveness of a pram‐walking exercise programme in reducing depressive symptomatology for postnatal women. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2004;10(4):177‐94.

Barnet 1996

Barnet B, Joffe A, Duggan AK, Wilson MD, Repke JT. Depressive symptoms, stress, and social support in pregnant and postpartum adolescents. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1996;150(1):64‐9.

Bennett 2004a

Bennett HA, Einarson A, Taddio A, Koren G, Einarson TR. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2004;103(4):698‐709.

Bennett 2004b

Bennett H, Einarson A, Taddio A, Koren G, Einarson T. Depression during pregnancy. Clinical Drug Investigations 2004;24:157‐79.

Blaney 2004

Blaney NT, Fernandez MI, Ethier KA, Wilson TE, Walter E, Koenig LJ, et al. Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of depression among HIV‐infected pregnant women. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2004;18(7):405‐15.

Chen 2004

Chen H, Chan YH, 3rd, Tan KH, Lee T. Depressive symptomatology in pregnancy ‐ a Singaporean perspective. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2004;39(12):975‐9.

Cohn 2006

Cohen LS, Altshuler LL, Harlow BL, Nonacs R, Newport DJ, Viguera AC, et al. Relapse of major depression during pregnancy in women who maintain or discontinue antidepressant treatment. JAMA 2006;295(5):499‐507.

Da Costa 2000

Da Costa D, Larouche J, Dritsa M, Brender W. Psychosocial correlates of prepartum and postpartum depressed mood. Journal of Affective Disorders 2000;59(1):31‐40.

Da‐Silva 1998

Da‐Silva VA, Moraes‐Santos AR, Carvalho MS, Martins ML, Teixeira NA. Prenatal and postnatal depression among low income Brazilian women. Brazilian Journal of Medical & Biological Research 1998;31(6):799‐804.

Daley 2007

Daley A, MacArthur C, Winter H. The role of exercise in treating postpartum depression: a review of the literature. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2007;1:56‐62.

Deeks 2001

Deeks JJ, Altman DG, Bradbury MJ. Statistical methods for examining heterogeneity and combining results from several studies in meta‐analysis. In: Egger M, Davey Smith G, Altman DG editor(s). Systematic reviews in health care: meta‐analysis in context. London: BMJ Books, 2001.

Dennis 2007a

Dennis C‐L, Hodnett E. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for treating postpartum depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006116.pub2]

Dennis 2007b

Dennis C‐L, Ross LE, Grigoriadis S. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for treating antenatal depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006309.pub2.]

Eich 2000

Eich H, Agelink MW, Lehmann E, Lemmer W, Klieser E. Acupuncture in patients with minor depressive episodes and generalized anxiety. Results of an experimental study. Fortschritte der Neurologie‐Psychiatrie 2000;68(3):137‐44.

Evans 2001

Evans J, Heron J, Francomb H, Oke S, Golding J. Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. BMJ 2001;323(7307):257‐60.

Fan 2005

Fan L, Fu W‐B, Meng C‐R, Zhu X‐P, Mi J‐P, Li W‐X, et al. Effect of acupuncture at routine acupoint and non‐acupoint on depressive neurosis evaluated with Hamilton depression scale. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9:14‐6.

Fatoye 2004

Fatoye FO, Adeyemi AB, Oladimeji BY. Emotional distress and its correlates among Nigerian women in late pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004;24(5):504‐9.

Glazier 2004

Glazier RH, Elgar FJ, Goel V, Holzapfel S. Stress, social support, and emotional distress in a community sample of pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;25(3‐4):247‐55.

Grace 2003

Grace SL, Evindar A, Stewart DE. The effect of postpartum depression on child cognitive development and behavior: a review and critical analysis of the literature. Archives in Women's Mental Health 2003;6:263‐74.

Hibbeln 2002

Hibbeln JR. Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross‐national ecological analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 2002;69:15‐29.

Higgins 2005

Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.4 [updated March 2005]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Honjo 2003

Honjo S, Arai S, Kaneko H, Ujiie T, Murase S, Sechiyama H, et al. Antenatal depression and maternal‐fetal attachment. Psychopathology 2003;36(6):304‐11.

Johanson 2000

Johanson R, Chapman G, Murray D, Johnson I, Cox J. The North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital prospective study of pregnancy‐associated depression. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;21(2):93‐7.

Josefsson 2001

Josefsson A, Berg G, Nordin C, Sydsjo G. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2001;80(3):251‐5.

Kessler 1993

Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, Blazer DG, Nelson CB. Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders 1993;29(2‐3):85‐96.

Kessler 1994

Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, et al. Lifetime and 12‐month prevalence of DSM‐III‐R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 1994;51(1):8‐19.

Lawlor 2001

Lawlor DA, Hopker SW. The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta‐regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2001;322:763‐7.

Lindgren 2001

Lindgren K. Relationships among maternal‐fetal attachment, prenatal depression, and health practices in pregnancy. Research in Nursing & Health 2001;24(3):203‐17.

Marcus 2003

Marcus SM, Flynn HA, Blow FC, Barry KL. Depressive symptoms among pregnant women screened in obstetrics settings. Journal of Women's Health 2003;12(4):373‐80.

Murray 1997

Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990‐2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349(9064):1498‐504.

O'Hara 1983

O'Hara MW, Rehm LP, Campbell SB. Postpartum depression. A role for social network and life stress variables. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1983;171(6):336‐41.

Pajulo 2001

Pajulo M, Savonlahti E, Sourander A, Helenius H, Piha J. Antenatal depression, substance dependency and social support. Journal of Affective Disorders 2001;65(1):9‐17.

Quah‐Smith 2005

Quah‐Smith JA, Tang WM, Russell J. Laser acupuncture for mild to moderate depression in primary care setting‐‐a randomised controlled trial. Acupuncture in Medicine 2005;23(3):103‐11.

RevMan 2003 [Computer program]

The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 4.2 for Windows. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2003.

Rubertsson 2003

Rubertsson C, Waldenstrom U, Wickberg B. Depressive mood in early pregnancy: prevalence and women at risk in a national Swedish sample. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2003;21(2):113‐23.

Seguin 1995

Seguin L, Potvin L, St‐Denis M, Loiselle J. Chronic stressors, social support, and depression during pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1995;85(4):583‐9.

Soden 2004

Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, Lucas C, Ashley S. A randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting. Palliative Medicine 2004;18(2):87‐92.

Spinelli 2003

Spinelli MG, Endicott J. Controlled clinical trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus parenting education program for depressed pregnant women. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003;160(3):555‐62.

Steer 1992

Steer RA, Scholl TO, Hediger ML, Fischer RL. Self‐reported depression and negative pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1992;45(10):1093‐9.

Weissman 1993

Weissman MM, Bland R, Joyce PR, Newman S, Wells JE, Wittchen HU. Sex differences in rates of depression: cross‐national perspectives. Journal of Affective Disorders 1993;29(2‐3):77‐84.

Wilkinson 2007

Wilkinson SM, Love SB, Westcombe AM, Gambles MA, Burgess CC, Cargill A, et al. Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25(5):532‐9.

Zelkowitz 2004

Zelkowitz P, Schinazi J, Katofsky L, Saucier JF, Valenzuela M, Westreich R, et al. Factors associated with depression in pregnant immigrant women. Transcultural Psychiatry 2004;41(4):445‐64.

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]

Jump to:

Manber 2004

Methods

RCT.

Modified intention‐to‐treat analysis ‐ included only participants with one post‐randomisation evaluation; data were not collected from treatment drop‐outs.

Participants

61 depressed pregnant US women; 54 women provided data for analyses.
Identified using DSM‐IV criteria.

Interventions

Intervention group (depression‐specific acupuncture; n = 20): 12 25‐ to 30‐minute active acupuncture sessions by an acupuncturist following the principles of traditional Chinese medicine over an 8‐week period. Treatment specifically addressed depressive symptoms.
Intervention group (massage; n = 20): 12 25‐ to 30‐minute massage sessions over an 8‐week period to provide control for attention, physical contact, relaxation, and respite from daily stress.
Control group (non‐specific acupuncture; n= 21): 12 25‐ to 30‐minute acupuncture sessions by an acupuncturist delivered over an 8‐week period. Acupuncture did not specifically address depressive symptoms.

Outcomes

Depression (immediately post‐treatment and postnatally).
MDD, HRSD, BDI.

Notes

Small, homogenous sample.

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Allocation concealment?

Unclear risk

B ‐ Unclear

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

Low risk

BDI: Beck Depression Inventory
DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders
HRSD: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
MDD: Major depressive disorder
RCT: randomised controlled trial

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Jump to:

Study

Reason for exclusion

Epperson 2004

Not an RCT; a pilot study.

Field 2004

Inadequate randomisation with allocation and concealment strategy not described; small sample sizes (n = 28 experimental group); standard deviations not reported.

Hayes 2001

Trial designed to prevent postpartum depression.

RCT: randomised controlled trial

Data and analyses

Open in table viewer
Comparison 1. Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Evidence of clinical depression Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 1.1
Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.

1.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

38

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.8 [0.25, 2.53]

1.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.93 [0.37, 10.01]

2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology ‐ HRSD Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 1.2
Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology ‐ HRSD.

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology ‐ HRSD.

2.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

38

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.30 [‐6.51, 1.91]

2.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.20 [‐4.91, 4.51]

3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 1.3
Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.

3.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

38

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.20 [‐5.22, 0.82]

3.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.60 [‐6.23, 5.03]
Open in table viewer
Comparison 2. Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Evidence of clinical depression Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 2.1
Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.

1.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

35

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.11, 2.13]

1.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.06, 6.39]

2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ HRSD Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 2.2
Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ HRSD.

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ HRSD.

2.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐8.10, 2.10]

2.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.90 [‐5.72, 3.92]

3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 2.3
Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.

3.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐6.85, 0.85]

3.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.90 [‐9.96, 2.16]

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.

Navigate to figure in ReviewOpen in new tab

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology ‐ HRSD.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology ‐ HRSD.

Navigate to figure in ReviewOpen in new tab

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.

Navigate to figure in ReviewOpen in new tab

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 1 Evidence of clinical depression.

Navigate to figure in ReviewOpen in new tab

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ HRSD.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ HRSD.

Navigate to figure in ReviewOpen in new tab

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials, Outcome 3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI.

Navigate to figure in ReviewOpen in new tab
Comparison 1. Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Evidence of clinical depression Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

38

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.8 [0.25, 2.53]

1.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.93 [0.37, 10.01]

2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology ‐ HRSD Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

38

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.30 [‐6.51, 1.91]

2.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.20 [‐4.91, 4.51]

3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

38

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.20 [‐5.22, 0.82]

3.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.60 [‐6.23, 5.03]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Massage versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials
Navigate to table in Review
Comparison 2. Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Evidence of clinical depression Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

35

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.11, 2.13]

1.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.06, 6.39]

2 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ HRSD Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐8.10, 2.10]

2.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.90 [‐5.72, 3.92]

3 Evidence of depressive symptomatology‐ BDI Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Immediately post‐treatment antenatally

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.0 [‐6.85, 0.85]

3.2 Final assessment postnatally

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.90 [‐9.96, 2.16]
Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. Depression‐specific acupuncture versus non‐specific acupuncture (control group) ‐ all trials
Navigate to table in Review