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Musicoterapia para la lesión cerebral adquirida

Appendices

Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy

 

#1

[mh ^"cerebrovascular disorders"] or [mh "basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease"] or [mh "brain +"] or [mh "carotid artery diseases"] or [mh "cerebrovascular trauma"] or [mh "intracranial arterial diseases"] or [mh " intracranial arteriovenous malformations"] or [mh "intracranial embolism and thrombosis"] or [mh "intracranial hemorrhages"] or [mh ^stroke] or [mh "brain infarction"] or [mh ^"stroke, lacunar"] or [mh ^"vasospasm, intracranial"] or [mh ^"vertebral artery dissection"] or [mh "hypoxia, brain"]

#2

(stroke* or poststroke or "post‐stroke" or apoplex* or cerebral next vasc* or cerebrovasc* or cva or SAH):ti,ab

#3

((brain or cerebr* or cerebell* or vertebrobasil* or hemispher* or intracran* or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle next cerebr* or mca* or "anterior circulation" or "basilar artery" or "vertebral artery") near/5 (isch*emi* or infarct* or thrombo* or emboli* or occlus* or hypoxi*)):ti,ab

#4

((brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or intracerebral or intracran* or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal next gangli* or putaminal or putamen or "posterior fossa" or hemispher* or subarachnoid) near/5 (haemorrhage* or hemorrhage* or haematoma* or hematoma* or bleed*)):ti,ab

#5

[mh ^hemiplegia] or [mh paresis] or [mh aphasia] or [mh "gait disorders, neurologic"]

#6

(hempar* or hemipleg* or paresis or paretic or aphasi* or dysphasi*):ti,ab

#7

[mh "brain damage, chronic"] or [mh ^"brain injuries"] or [mh "brain concussion"] or [mh "brain hemorrhage, traumatic"] or [mh ^"brain injury, chronic"] or [mh ^"diffuse axonal injury"]

#8

[mh ^"craniocerebral trauma"] or [mh "head injuries, closed"] or [mh "intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic"]

#9

[mh "brain abscess"] or [mh "central nervous system infections"] or [mh encephalitis] or [mh meningitis]

#10

(encephalitis or meningitis or head injur*):ti,ab

#11

[mh "brain neoplasms"]

#12

((brain or cerebr*) near/5 (injur* or hypoxi* or damage* or concussion or trauma* or neoplasm* or lesion* or tumor* or tumour* or cancer* or infection*)):ti,ab

#13

{or #1‐#12}

#14

[mh ^music] or [mh ^"music therapy"] or [mh ^singing] or [mh ^"acoustic stimulation"]

#15

(music* or rhythmic* or melod* or harmon*):ti,ab

#16

((auditory or acoustic) near/5 (stimulat* or cue*)):ti,ab

#17

(sing or sings or singing or singer* or song* or chant* or compose or composing or improvis*):ti,ab

#18

((vocal or voice) near/5 intonat*):ti,ab

#19

(gait near/5 (puls* or rhythm*)):ti,ab

#20

{or #14‐#19}

#21

#13 and #20

Appendix 2. MEDLINE search strategy

MEDLINE (Ovid)
1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or exp basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery diseases/ or exp cerebrovascular trauma/ or exp intracranial arterial diseases/ or exp intracranial arteriovenous malformations/ or exp "intracranial embolism and thrombosis"/ or exp intracranial hemorrhages/ or stroke/ or exp brain infarction/ or stroke, lacunar/ or vasospasm, intracranial/ or vertebral artery dissection/ or exp hypoxia, brain/
2. (stroke$ or post stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva or SAH).tw.
3. ((brain or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr$ or mca$ or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5. exp hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/ or exp aphasia/ or exp gait disorders, neurologic/
6. (hempar$ or hemipleg$ or paresis or paretic or aphasi$ or dysphasi$).tw.
7. exp brain damage, chronic/ or brain injuries/ or exp brain concussion/ or exp brain hemorrhage, traumatic/ or brain injury, chronic/ or diffuse axonal injury/
8. craniocerebral trauma/ or exp head injuries, closed/ or exp intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic/
9. exp brain abscess/ or exp central nervous system infections/ or exp encephalitis/ or exp meningitis/
10. (encephalitis or meningitis or head injur$).tw.
11. exp brain neoplasms/
12. ((brain or cerebr$) adj5 (injur$ or hypoxi$ or damage$ or concussion or trauma$ or neoplasm$ or lesion$ or tumor$ or tumour$ or cancer$ or infection$)).tw.
13. or/1‐12
14. music/ or music therapy/ or singing/ or acoustic stimulation/
15. (music$ or rhythmic$ or melod$ or harmon$).tw.
16. ((auditory or acoustic) adj5 (stimulat$ or cue$)).tw.
17. (sing or sings or singing or singer$ or song$ or chant$ or compose or composing or improvis$).tw.
18. ((vocal or voice) adj5 intonat$).tw.
19. (gait adj5 (puls$ or rhythm$)).tw.
20. or/14‐19
21. 13 and 20
22. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/
23. random allocation/
24. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/
25. control groups/
26. clinical trials as topic/
27. double‐blind method/
28. single‐blind method/
29. Placebos/
30. placebo effect/
31. cross‐over studies/
32. randomized controlled trial.pt.
33. controlled clinical trial.pt.
34. clinical trial.pt.
35. (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.
36. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
37. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
38. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
39. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
40. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
41. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
42. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
43. (placebo$ or sham).tw.
44. trial.ti.
45. (assign$ or allocat$).tw.
46. controls.tw.
47. or/22‐46
48. 21 and 47
49. exp animals/ not humans.sh.
50. 48 not 49

Appendix 3. Embase search strategy

1   stroke/ or cerebrovascular disease/ or exp basal ganglion hemorrhage/ or exp brain hematoma/ or exp brain hemorrhage/ or exp brain infarction/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery disease/ or cerebral artery disease/ or exp cerebrovascular accident/ or exp cerebrovascular malformation/ or exp intracranial aneurysm/ or exp occlusive cerebrovascular disease/ or stroke patient/ or stroke unit/
2   (stroke$ or post stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva or SAH).tw.
3   ((brain or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr$ or mca$ or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4   ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5   hemiparesis/ or hemiplegia/ or paresis/ or exp aphasia/ or dysphasia/ or exp neurologic gait disorder/
6   (hempar$ or hemipleg$ or paresis or paretic or aphasi$ or dysphasi$).tw.
7   brain injury/ or acquired brain injury/ or brain concussion/ or brain contusion/ or brain damage/ or brain stem injury/ or cerebellum injury/ or diffuse axonal injury/ or postconcussion syndrome/ or traumatic brain injury/ or brain hypoxia/ or head injury/
8   central nervous system infection/ or exp brain infection/ or exp meningitis/
9   exp brain tumor/
10   (encephalitis or meningitis or head injur$).tw.
11   ((brain or cerebr$) adj5 (injur$ or hypoxi$ or damage$ or concussion or trauma$ or neoplasm$ or lesion$ or tumor$ or tumour$ or cancer$ or infection$)).tw.
12   or/1‐11
13   exp music/ or music therapy/ or musician/ or singing/ or auditory stimulation/
14   (music$ or rhythmic$ or melod$ or harmon$).tw.
15   ((auditory or acoustic) adj5 (stimulat$ or cue$)).tw.
16   (sing or sings or singing or singer$ or song$ or chant$ or compose or composing or improvis$).tw.
17   ((vocal or voice) adj5 intonat$).tw.
18   (gait adj5 (puls$ or rhythm$)).tw.
19   or/13‐18
20   12 and 19
21   Randomized Controlled Trial/
22   Randomization/
23   Controlled Study/
24   control group/
25   clinical trial/ or phase 1 clinical trial/ or phase 2 clinical trial/ or phase 3 clinical trial/ or phase 4 clinical trial/ or controlled clinical trial/
26   Crossover Procedure/
27   Double Blind Procedure/
28   Single Blind Procedure/ or triple blind procedure/
29   placebo/
30   (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.
31   (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
32   (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
33   ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
34   (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
35   ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
36   ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
37   (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
38   (placebo$ or sham).tw.
39   trial.ti.
40   (assign$ or allocat$).tw.
41   controls.tw.
42   or/21‐41
43   20 and 42
44   (exp animals/ or exp invertebrate/ or animal experiment/ or animal model/ or animal tissue/ or animal cell/ or nonhuman/) not (human/ or normal human/ or human cell/)
45   43 not 44

Appendix 4. CINAHL search strategy

Database: CINAHL ‐ Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, 1982 to June 2015; EBSCO

  1. (MH "Cerebrovascular Disorders") OR (MH "Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease+") OR (MH "Carotid Artery Diseases+") OR (MH "Cerebral Ischemia+") OR (MH "Cerebral Vasospasm") OR (MH "Intracranial Arterial Diseases+") OR (MH "Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis") OR (MH "Intracranial Hemorrhage+") OR (MH "Stroke") OR (MH "Vertebral Artery Dissections") or (MH "Hypoxia, Brain")

  2. (MH "Stroke Patients") OR (MH "Stroke Units")

  3. TI ( stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc* or brain vasc* or cerebral vasc or cva or apoplex or SAH ) or AB ( stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc* or brain vasc* or cerebral vasc or cva or apoplex or SAH )

  4. TI ( stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc* or brain vasc* or cerebral vasc or cva or apoplex or SAH ) or AB ( stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc* or brain vasc* or cerebral vasc or cva or apoplex or SAH )

  5. TI ( ischemi* or ischaemi* or infarct* or thrombo* or emboli* or occlus* ) or AB ( ischemi* or ischaemi* or infarct* or thrombo* or emboli* or occlus* )

  6. S6. S4 and S5

  7. TI ( brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or intracerebral or intracranial or subarachnoid ) or AB ( brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or intracerebral or intracranial or subarachnoid )

  8. TI ( haemorrhage* or hemorrhage* or haematoma* or hematoma* or bleed* ) or AB ( haemorrhage* or hemorrhage* or haematoma* or hematoma* or bleed* )

  9. S7 and S8

  10. (MH "Hemiplegia") or (MH "Aphasia+") OR (MH "Gait Disorders, Neurologic+")

  11. TI ( hemipleg* or hemipar* or paresis or paretic or aphas* or dysphas*) or AB ( hemipleg* or hemipar* or paresis or paretic or aphas* or dysphas*)

  12. (MH "Brain Damage, Chronic") OR (MH "Brain Injuries") OR (MH "Brain Concussion+")

  13. (MH "Head Injuries")

  14. (MH "Central Nervous System Infections+") OR (MH "Encephalitis+") OR (MH "Meningitis+") OR (MH "Meningoencephalitis+")

  15. (MH "Brain Neoplasms+")

  16. TI (encephalitis or meningitis or head injur*) or AB (encephalitis or meningitis or head injur*)

  17. TI ((brain or cerebr*) N5 (injur* or hypoxi* or damage* or concussion or trauma* or neoplasm* or lesion* or tumor* or tumour* or cancer* or infection*))

  18. AB ((brain or cerebr*) N5 (injur* or hypoxi* or damage* or concussion or trauma* or neoplasm* or lesion* or tumor* or tumour* or cancer* or infection*))

  19. S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S6 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18

  20. (MH "Music") OR (MH "Music Therapy (Iowa NIC)") OR (MH "Music Therapy") OR (MH "Performing Artists") OR (MH "Singing") OR (MH "Performing Arts") OR (MH "Acoustic Stimulation")

  21. TI (music* or rhythmic* or melod* or harmon*) or AB (music* or rhythmic* or melod* or harmon*)

  22. TI ((auditory or acoustic) N5 (stimulat* or cue*)) or AB ((auditory or acoustic) N5 (stimulat* or cue*))

  23. TI (sing or sings or singing or singer* or song* or chant* or compose or composing or improvis*) or AB (sing or sings or singing or singer* or song* or chant* or compose or composing or improvis*)

  24. TI ((vocal or voice) N5 intonat*) or AB ((vocal or voice) N5 intonat*)

  25. TI (gait N5 (puls* or rhythm*)) or AB (gait N5 (puls* or rhythm*))

  26. S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25

  27. PT randomized controlled trial or clinical trial

  28. (MH "Random Assignment") or (MH "Random Sample+")

  29. (MH "Crossover Design") or (MH "Clinical Trials+") or (MH "Comparative Studies")

  30. (MH "Control (Research)") or (MH "Control Group")

  31. (MH "Factorial Design") or (MH "Quasi‐Experimental Studies") or (MH "Nonrandomized Trials")

  32. (MH "Placebo Effect") or (MH "Placebos")

  33. (MH "Clinical Research") or (MH "Clinical Nursing Research")

  34. (MH "Community Trials") or (MH "Experimental Studies") or (MH "One‐Shot Case Study") or (MH "Pretest‐Posttest Design+") or (MH "Solomon Four‐Group Design") or (MH "Static Group Comparison") or (MH "Study Design")

  35. TI (random* or RCT or RCTs) or AB (random* or RCT or RCTs)

  36. TI ( singl* or doubl* or tripl* or trebl* ) or AB ( singl* or doubl* or tripl* or trebl* )

  37. TI ( blind* or mask*) or AB ( blind* or mask* )

  38. S36 and S37

  39. TI ( crossover or cross‐over or placebo* or control* or factorial or sham ) or AB ( crossover or cross‐over or placebo* or control* or factorial or sham )

  40. TI ( clin* or controlled or intervention* or compar* or experiment* or preventive or therapeutic ) or AB ( clin* or controlled or intervention* or compar* or experiment* or preventive or therapeutic )

  41. TI trial* or AB trial*

  42. S40 and S41

  43. TI (assign* or allocat*) or AB (assign* or allocat*)

  44. TI trial

  45. ( TI (quasi‐random* or quasi random* or pseudo‐random* or pseudo random*) ) OR ( AB (quasi‐random* or quasi random* or pseudo‐random* or pseudo random*) )

  46. S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S38 OR S39 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45

  47. S19 AND S26 AND S46

Appendix 5. PsycINFO search strategy

Database: PsycINFO (Ovid); 1806 to June Week 1 2015

1     cerebrovascular disorders/ or cerebral hemorrhage/ or exp cerebral ischemia/ or cerebrovascular accidents/ or subarachnoid hemorrhage/
2     (stroke$ or post stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva or SAH).tw.
3     ((brain or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr$ or mca$ or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4     ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5     hemiparesis/ or hemiplegia/ or exp aphasia/
6     (hempar$ or hemipleg$ or paresis or paretic or aphasi$ or dysphasi$).tw.
7     traumatic brain injury/ or brain damage/ or brain concussion/ or exp head injuries/
8     exp meningitis/ or exp encephalitis/ or intracranial abscesses/
9     brain neoplasms/
10     (encephalitis or meningitis or head injur$).tw.
11     ((brain or cerebr$) adj5 (injur$ or hypoxi$ or damage$ or concussion or trauma$ or neoplasm$ or lesion$ or tumor$ or tumour$ or cancer$ or infection$)).tw.
12     or/1‐11
13     exp music/ or music therapy/ or musicians/ or singing/ or tempo/ or music perception/ or musical ability/ or exp rhythm/ or music education/ or exp auditory stimulation/
14     (music$ or rhythmic$ or melod$ or harmon$).tw.
15     ((auditory or acoustic) adj5 (stimulat$ or cue$)).tw.
16     (sing or sings or singing or singer$ or song$ or chant$ or compose or composing or improvis$).tw
17     ((vocal or voice) adj5 intonat$).tw.
18     (gait adj5 (puls$ or rhythm$)).tw.
19     or/13‐18
20     12 and 19
21     clinical trials/ or treatment effectiveness evaluation/ or placebo/
22     (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.
23     (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
24     (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
25     ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
26     (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
27     ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
28     ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
29     (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
30     (placebo$ or sham).tw.
31     trial.ti.
32     (assign$ or allocat$).tw.
33     controls.tw.
34     or/21‐33
35    20 and 34

Appendix 6. LILACS search strategy

((music*) or (rhythmic stimul*) or (auditory stimulat*) or (rhythmic cue*) or (auditory cue*) or (acoustic stimulat*) or (acoustic cue*) or sing or sings or singing or song* or compose or composing or improvis*) AND (brain or cerebrovascular or cerebral or stroke or hemiplegia or paresis or aphas* or dysphas*)

Appendix 7. AMED search strategy

Database: AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) (Ovid)1985 to June 2015

1     cerebrovascular disorders/ or cerebral hemorrhage/ or cerebral infarction/ or cerebral ischemia/ or cerebrovascular accident/ or stroke/
2     (stroke$ or post stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva or SAH).tw.
3     ((brain or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr$ or mca$ or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4     ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5     hemiplegia/ or aphasia/
6     (hempar$ or hemipleg$ or paresis or paretic or aphasi$ or dysphasi$).tw.
7     head injuries/ or brain injuries/ or brain concussion/ or brain disease/ or brain neoplasms/ or encephalitis/ or meningitis/
8     (encephalitis or meningitis or head injur$).tw.
9     ((brain or cerebr$) adj5 (injur$ or hypoxi$ or damage$ or concussion or trauma$ or neoplasm$ or lesion$ or tumor$ or tumour$ or cancer$ or infection$)).tw.
10     or/1‐9
11     music/ or music therapy/
12     (music$ or rhythmic$ or melod$ or harmon$).tw.
13     ((auditory or acoustic) adj5 (stimulat$ or cue$)).tw.
14     (sing or sings or singing or singer$ or song$ or chant$ or compose or composing or improvis$).tw.
15     ((vocal or voice) adj5 intonat$).tw.
16     (gait adj5 (puls$ or rhythm$)).tw.
17     or/11‐16
18     10 and 17

Appendix 8. CAIRSS search strategy

1. Brain injur? [as a phrase] OR head injur? [as a phrase] OR skull fracture [as a phrase]
2. Brain damage [as a phrase] OR cerebral trauma [as a phrase] OR brain neoplasm? [as a phrase]
3. Brain tumor? [as a phrase] OR cereb? tumor? [as a phrase] OR brain infarction [as a phrase]
4. cerebrovascular disorder? [as a phrase] OR brain ischemia [as a phrase] OR cerebrovascular accident [as a phrase]
5. intracranial hemorrhage? [as a phrase] OR stroke OR poststroke
6. post‐stroke [as a phrase] OR cva OR cereb? Thrombosis [as a phrase]
7. brain thrombosis [as a phrase] OR brain embolism [as a phrase]
8 hemiplegi? OR paresis OR paretic
9. Aphasi? OR dysphasi?

Appendix 9. ProQuest Digital Dissertations search strategy

ab((music) OR (rhythmic auditory stimulation) OR (acoustic stimulation) OR (rhythmic auditory cueing) OR (therapeutic instrumental) OR (melodic intonation) OR (vocal intonation) OR (therapeutic singing) OR (songwriting)) AND ab((stroke OR head OR brain OR intracranial OR cerebrovascular))

Appendix 10. ClinicalTrials.gov search strategy

(music OR singing OR song OR songs OR (rhythmic auditory stimulation) OR (rhythmic auditory cueing) OR (acoustic stimulation) OR (acoustic cueing) OR melody OR melodic OR vocal) AND (stroke OR head OR brain OR intracranial OR cerebrovascular) | Interventional Studies

Appendix 11. Current Controlled Trials search strategy

music OR (music therapy)

Study flow diagram for the updated review.
Figures and Tables -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram for the updated review.

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figures and Tables -
Figure 2

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figures and Tables -
Figure 3

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Music therapy versus control, outcome: 1.1 Gait velocity [metres/min].
Figures and Tables -
Figure 4

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Music therapy versus control, outcome: 1.1 Gait velocity [metres/min].

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 1 Gait velocity.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 1 Gait velocity.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Gait velocity ‐ interventionist.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Gait velocity ‐ interventionist.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Gait velocity ‐ music type.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Gait velocity ‐ music type.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 4 Stride length (affected side).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 4 Stride length (affected side).

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 5 Stride length (affected side) ‐ music type.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 5 Stride length (affected side) ‐ music type.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 6 Stride length (unaffected side) [metres].
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 6 Stride length (unaffected side) [metres].

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 7 Stride length (unspecified) [metres].
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 7 Stride length (unspecified) [metres].

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 8 Gait cadence.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 8 Gait cadence.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 9 Gait cadence ‐ interventionist.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 9 Gait cadence ‐ interventionist.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 10 Gait cadence ‐ music type.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 10 Gait cadence ‐ music type.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 11 Stride symmetry.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 11 Stride symmetry.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 12 General gait.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 12 General gait.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 13 Balance.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 13 Balance.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 14 Upper extremity functioning (general).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 14 Upper extremity functioning (general).

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 15 Upper extremity functioning ‐ time.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 15 Upper extremity functioning ‐ time.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 16 Range of motion ‐ shoulder flexion.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.16

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 16 Range of motion ‐ shoulder flexion.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 17 Hand function.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.17

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 17 Hand function.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 18 Upper limb strength.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.18

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 18 Upper limb strength.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 19 Manual dexterity.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.19

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 19 Manual dexterity.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 20 Overall communication.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.20

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 20 Overall communication.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 21 Naming.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.21

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 21 Naming.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 22 Repetition.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.22

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 22 Repetition.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 23 Memory.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.23

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 23 Memory.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 24 Attention.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.24

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 24 Attention.

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 25 Quality of life.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.25

Comparison 1 Music therapy versus control, Outcome 25 Quality of life.

Summary of findings for the main comparison. Music compared with standard care for acquired brain injury

Music compared with standard care for acquired brain injury

Patient or population: acquired brain injury
Setting: outpatient
Intervention: music interventions
Comparison: control

Outcomes

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Gait velocity
assessed with: metres/minute

The mean gait velocity in the intervention group was 11.34 metres more (8.4 more to 14.28 more).

268
(9 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
MODERATE 1, 2, 3, 4

Stride length (affected side)
assessed with: metres

The mean stride length (affected side) in the intervention group was 0.12 metres more (0.04 more to 0.2 more).

129
(5 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
MODERATE 1, 2, 5, 6

Gait cadence
assessed with: steps/minute

The mean gait cadence in the intervention group was 10.77 steps/minute more (4.36 more to 17.18 more).

223
(7 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW 1, 2, 4, 7

Stride symmetry

The mean stride symmetry in the intervention group was 0.94 standard deviations more (0.32 fewer to 2.2 more).

139
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW 2, 6, 8, 9

General upper extremity functioning assessed with: Fugl‐Meyer Assessment

The mean general upper extremity functioning in the intervention group was 3.56 units higher (0.88 lower to 8 higher).

194
(5 RCTs)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
VERY LOW 1, 2, 4, 6, 10

Overall communication

The mean overall communication in the intervention group was 0.75 standard deviations more (0.11 more to 1.39 more).

67
(3 RCTs)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
VERY LOW 4, 11

Quality of life

assessed with: Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale

The mean quality of life in the intervention group was 0.89 standard deviations more (0.32 more to 1.46 more).

53
(2 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW 2, 4, 11

CI: confidence interval; RCT: randomised controlled trial

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect
Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different
Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect
Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect

1Most studies were rated as at unclear or high risk of bias
2All point estimates favour the music interventions, although the magnitude of the effect differs across studies
3Results were inconsistent across studies, as evidenced by I2 = 61%
4Wide confidence interval; however, this is due to the fact that some studies reported very large beneficial effects
5Results were inconsistent across studies, as evidenced by I2 = 80%
6Wide confidence interval
7Results were inconsistent across studies, as evidenced by I2 = 83%
8One study was rated as at low, one as at unclear, and one as at high risk of bias
9Results were inconsistent across studies, as evidenced by I2 = 90%
10Results were inconsistent across studies, as evidenced by I2 = 85%
11All studies were at high risk of bias

Figures and Tables -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Music compared with standard care for acquired brain injury
Comparison 1. Music therapy versus control

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Gait velocity Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 All studies

9

268

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

11.34 [8.40, 14.28]

1.2 Adequate randomisation

7

228

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

10.79 [7.23, 14.35]

2 Gait velocity ‐ interventionist Show forest plot

9

268

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

11.34 [8.40, 14.28]

2.1 Music therapist

3

128

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

14.76 [13.84, 15.69]

2.2 Non‐music therapist

6

140

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

8.48 [5.16, 11.80]

3 Gait velocity ‐ music type Show forest plot

9

268

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

11.34 [8.40, 14.28]

3.1 Music

5

173

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

14.69 [13.77, 15.61]

3.2 Auditory stimulation (no music)

4

95

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

7.70 [3.03, 12.38]

4 Stride length (affected side) Show forest plot

5

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 All studies

5

129

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.12 [0.04, 0.20]

4.2 Adequate randomisation

3

89

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.08 [0.05, 0.11]

5 Stride length (affected side) ‐ music type Show forest plot

5

129

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.12 [0.04, 0.20]

5.1 Music

2

50

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.08 [0.05, 0.12]

5.2 Auditory stimulation (no music)

3

79

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.02, 0.25]

6 Stride length (unaffected side) [metres] Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 All studies

4

99

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.11 [0.01, 0.22]

6.2 Adequate randomisation

2

59

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.06 [0.01, 0.12]

7 Stride length (unspecified) [metres] Show forest plot

3

186

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.16 [‐0.01, 0.33]

8 Gait cadence Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 all studies

7

223

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

10.77 [4.36, 17.18]

8.2 Adequate randomisation

6

203

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

10.80 [4.05, 17.56]

9 Gait cadence ‐ interventionist Show forest plot

7

223

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

10.77 [4.36, 17.18]

9.1 Music therapist

3

128

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

11.51 [‐2.57, 25.60]

9.2 Non‐music therapist

4

95

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

7.65 [4.43, 10.86]

10 Gait cadence ‐ music type Show forest plot

7

223

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

10.77 [4.36, 17.18]

10.1 Music

4

148

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

11.34 [‐1.05, 23.74]

10.2 Auditory stimulus (no music)

3

75

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

7.58 [4.33, 10.83]

11 Stride symmetry Show forest plot

3

139

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [‐0.32, 2.20]

12 General gait Show forest plot

2

48

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

7.67 [5.67, 9.67]

13 Balance Show forest plot

3

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 All studies

3

54

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.31 [‐0.48, 1.09]

13.2 Adequate randomisation

2

34

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.13 [‐1.10, 1.37]

14 Upper extremity functioning (general) Show forest plot

5

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

14.1 All studies

5

194

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

3.56 [‐0.88, 8.00]

14.2 Adequate randomisation

3

156

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [‐2.33, 4.12]

15 Upper extremity functioning ‐ time Show forest plot

2

122

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.08 [‐1.69, ‐0.47]

16 Range of motion ‐ shoulder flexion Show forest plot

2

53

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

9.81 [‐12.71, 32.33]

17 Hand function Show forest plot

2

113

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.32 [‐0.91, 1.54]

18 Upper limb strength Show forest plot

2

113

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

6.03 [‐2.52, 14.59]

19 Manual dexterity Show forest plot

2

74

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [‐1.08, 2.01]

20 Overall communication Show forest plot

3

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

20.1 All studies

3

67

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.75 [0.11, 1.39]

20.2 Adequate randomisation

2

54

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.52 [‐0.03, 1.07]

21 Naming Show forest plot

2

35

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

9.79 [1.37, 18.21]

22 Repetition Show forest plot

2

35

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

8.90 [3.25, 14.55]

23 Memory Show forest plot

2

42

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.33 [‐0.29, 0.95]

24 Attention Show forest plot

2

39

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.30 [‐0.34, 0.94]

25 Quality of life Show forest plot

2

53

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.32, 1.46]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Music therapy versus control