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Interventions for the treatment of oral cancer: surgical treatment

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view the current version 31 August 2023

References

Additional references

Batsakis 1999

Batsakis JG. Surgical excision margins: a pathologist's perspective. Advances in Anatomic Pathology 1999;6(3):140‐8.

Bjordal 1992

Bjordal K, Kaasa S. Psychometric validation of the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire, 30‐item version and a diagnosis‐specific module for head and neck cancer patients. Acta Oncologica 1992;31(3):311‐21.

Carew 2003

Carew JF, Singh B, Shah JP. Cervical lymph nodes. In: Shah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakis JG editor(s). Oral cancer. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003:215‐49.

Day 2003

Day TA, Davis BK, Gillespie MB, Joe JK, Kibbey M, Martin‐Harris B, et al. Oral cancer treatment. Current Treatment Options in Oncology 2003;4(1):27‐41.

Deleyiannis 1997

Deleyiannis FW, Weymuller EA, Coltrera MD. Quality of life of disease‐free survivors of advanced (stage III or IV) oropharyngeal cancer. Head & Neck 1997;19(6):466‐73.

Faggiano 1997

Faggiano F, Partanen T, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Socioeconomic differences in cancer incidence and mortality. In: Kogevinas M, Pearce N, Susser M, Boffetta P editor(s). Social inequalities and cancer. Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications No 138. International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1997.

Funk 2002

Funk GF, Karnell LH, Robinson RA, Zhen WK, Trask DK, Hoffman HT. Presentation, treatment, and outcome of oral cavity cancer: a National Cancer Data Base report. Head & Neck 2002;24(2):165‐80.

Garg 2004

Garg M, Beitler JJ. Controversies in management of the neck in head and neck cancer. Current Treatment Options in Oncology 2004;5(1):35‐40.

Haddadin 1999

Haddadin KJ, Soutar DS, Oliver RJ, Webster MH, Robertson AG, MacDonald DG. Improved survival for patients with clinically T1/T2, N0 tongue tumors undergoing a prophylactic neck dissection. Head & Neck 1999;21(6):517‐25.

Haddadin 2000

Haddadin KJ, Soutar DS, Webster MH, Robertson AG, Oliver RJ, MacDonald DG. Natural history and patterns of recurrence of tongue tumours. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2000;53(4):279‐85.

Hammerlid 1997

Hammerlid E, Bjordal K, Ahlner‐Elmqvist M, Jannert M, Kaasa S, Sullivan M, et al. Prospective, longitudinal quality‐of‐life study of patients with head and neck cancer: a feasibility study including the EORTC QLQ‐C30. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 1997;116(6 Pt 1):666‐73.

Hassan 1993

Hassan SJ, Weymuller EA. Assessment of quality of life in head and neck cancer patients. Head & Neck 1993;15(6):485‐96.

Higgins 2005

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Hindle 1996

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Hughes CJ, Gallo O, Spiro RH, Shah JP. Management of occult neck metastases in oral cavity squamous carcinoma. American Journal of Surgery 1993;166(4):380‐3.

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La Vecchia C, Tavani A, Franceschi S, Levi F, Corrao G, Negri E. Epidemiology and prevention of oral cancer. Oral Oncology 1997;33(5):302‐12.

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Table 1. MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, AMED search strategy

Form: (oral cancer) and (interventions) and (RCT filter, part 1 only)

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) In‐Process, Other Non‐Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R), OLDMEDLINE(R), AMED(R).
Search strategy:
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
1 ((cancer$ or tumor$ or tumour$ or neoplas$ or malignan$ or carcinoma$ or metasta$) adj5 (oral$ or intra‐oral$ or gingiva$ or oropharyn$ or mouth$ or tongue$ or cheek or cheeks or gum or gums or palatal or palate or intraoral or (head adj2 neck))).mp.
2 "head and neck neoplasms"/ or mouth neoplasms/ or gingival neoplasms/ or palatal neoplasms/ or tongue neoplasms/
3 1 or 2
4 palliative.mp.
5 chemoradiotherap$.mp.
6 surg$.mp.
7 radiotherap$.mp.
8 chemotherap$.mp.
9 (neck adj1 dissection$).mp.
10 brachytherap$.mp.
11 (adjuvant or neo‐adjuvant).mp.
12 photodynamic.mp.
13 teletherap$.mp.
14 plesiotherap$.mp.
15 excision$.mp.
16 excise$.mp.
17 (hyperfractionate$ or hyper‐fractionate$).mp.
18 dahanca.mp.
19 arcon.mp.
20 radiat$.mp.
21 irradiat$.mp.
22 resect$.mp.
23 lymphadenectom$.mp.
24 curett$.mp.
25 neoadjuvant.mp.
26 glossectom$.mp.
27 antineoplas$.mp.
28 ((alternative or combined or gene or genetic or nutrition$) adj2 (therapy or therapies)).mp.
29 (onyx‐015 or amifostine$ or misonidazole$ or erythropoietin$).mp.
30 fluorouracil$.mp.
31 5‐fluorouracil$.mp.
32 cisplatin$.mp.
33 paclitaxel$.mp.
34 vinblastine$.mp.
35 bleomycin$.mp.
36 5fu.mp.
37 adriamycin$.mp.
38 doxorubicin$.mp.
39 methotrexa$.mp.
40 docetaxel$.mp.
41 carboplatin$.mp.
42 hydroxyurea.mp.
43 ((vitamin or nutrition$) adj2 supplement$).mp.
44 (herb or herbs).mp.
45 herbal.mp.
46 (locoregional$ adj5 (recurren$ or control$ or treat$ or lymph$)).mp.
47 aromatherap$.mp.
48 homeopath$.mp.
49 surg$.mp.
50 surg$.mp.
51 osteopath$.mp.
52 naturopath$.mp.
53 (wholistic or holistic).mp.
54 reflexolog$.mp.
55 massage$.mp.
56 (essential adj1 oil$).mp.
57 exp Radiotherapy/
58 exp Antineoplastic Agents/
59 exp surgical procedures, operative/ or lymph node excision/
60 exp Antimetabolites/
61 exp nursing care/ or palliative care/ or perioperative care/ or terminal care/
62 exp combined modality therapy/ or exp complementary therapies/ or exp nutrition therapy/ or exp rehabilitation/ or exp remission induction/ or exp salvage therapy/
63 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22
64 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42
65 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56 or 57 or 58 or 59 or 60 or 61 or 62
66 63 or 64 or 65
67 randomized controlled trial.pt.
68 controlled clinical trial.pt.
69 Randomized Controlled Trials/
70 Random Allocation/
71 Double‐Blind Method/
72 Single‐Blind Method/
73 or/67‐72
74 Animal/ not Human/
75 73 not 74
76 3 and 66 and 75

Figures and Tables -
Table 1. MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, AMED search strategy
Navigate to table in Protocol
Table 2. EMBASE search strategy

Form: (oral cancer) and (interventions) and (RCT filter)

Database: EMBASE (from 1980 to present)
Search strategy:
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
1 "head and neck tumor"/ or "head and neck cancer"/ or mouth cancer/ or mouth carcinoma/ or oropharynx cancer/ or oropharynx carcinoma/ or tongue cancer/ or tongue carcinoma/ or tonsil cancer/ or tonsil carcinoma/ or mouth tumor/ or oropharynx tumor/ or tongue tumor/ or tonsil tumor/
2 ((cancer$ or tumor$ or tumour$ or neoplas$ or malignan$ or carcinoma$ or metasta$) adj5 ((oral$ not "Oral Drug Administration") or (intra‐oral$ or gingiva$ or oropharyn$ or mouth$ or tongue$ or cheek or cheeks or gum or gums or palatal or palate or intraoral or (head adj2 neck)))).mp.
3 1 or 2
4 palliative.mp.
5 chemoradiotherap$.mp.
6 surg$.mp.
7 radiotherap$.mp.
8 chemotherap$.mp.
9 (neck adj1 dissection$).mp.
10 brachytherap$.mp.
11 (adjuvant or neo‐adjuvant).mp.
12 photodynamic.mp.
13 teletherap$.mp.
14 plesiotherap$.mp.
15 (excision$ or excise$).mp.
16 (amifostine$ or misonidazole$ or erythropoietin$).mp.
17 (hyperfractionate$ or hyper‐fractionate$).mp.
18 dahanca.mp.
19 arcon.mp.
20 radiat$.mp.
21 irradiat$.mp.
22 resect$.mp.
23 lymphadenectom$.mp.
24 curett$.mp.
25 neoadjuvant.mp.
26 glossectom$.mp.
27 antineoplas$.mp.
28 ((alternative or combined or gene or genetic or nutrition$) adj2 (therapy or therapies)).mp.
29 onyx‐015.mp.
30 fluorouracil$.mp.
31 5‐fluorouracil$.mp.
32 cisplatin$.mp.
33 paclitaxel$.mp.
34 vinblastine$.mp.
35 bleomycin$.mp.
36 5fu.mp.
37 adriamycin$.mp.
38 doxorubicin$.mp.
39 methotrexa$.mp.
40 docetaxel$.mp.
41 carboplatin$.mp.
42 hydroxyurea.mp.
43 ((vitamin or nutrition$) adj2 supplement$).mp.
44 (herb or herbs).mp.
45 herbal.mp.
46 (locoregional$ adj5 (recurren$ or control$ or treat$ or lymph$)).mp.
47 aromatherap$.mp.
48 homeopath$.mp.
49 osteopath$.mp.
50 naturopath$.mp.
51 (wholistic or holistic).mp.
52 reflexolog$.mp.
53 massage$.mp.
54 (essential adj1 oil$).mp.
55 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22
56 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42
57 exp therapy/
58 surgery/ or exp cancer surgery/ or "head and neck surgery"/ or oral surgery/ or glossectomy/ or mandible osteotomy/ or mandible reconstruction/ or mandible resection/ or maxilla osteotomy/ or maxilla resection/ or palatoplasty/ or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty/ or surgical technique/ or anastomosis/ or electrosurgery/ or endoscopic surgery/ or excision/ or implantation/ or incision/ or laser surgery/ or ligation/ or microsurgery/ or myotomy/ or radiosurgery/ or surgical drainage/ or suture/
59 terminal care/
60 alternative medicine/
61 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56 or 57 or 58 or 59 or 60
62 random$.ti,ab.
63 factorial$.ti,ab.
64 placebo$.ti,ab.
65 (doubl$ adj blind$).ti,ab.
66 (singl$ adj blind$).ti,ab.
67 assign$.ti,ab.
68 allocat$.ti,ab.
69 volunteer$.ti,ab.
70 double‐blind procedure.sh.
71 randomized controlled trial.sh.
72 single blind procedure.sh.
73 62 or 63 or 64 or 65 or 66 or 67 or 68 or 69 or 70 or 71 or 72
74 animal/ or nonhuman/ or animal experiment/
75 human/
76 75 and 74
77 74 not 76
78 73 not 77
79 3 and 61 and 78

Figures and Tables -
Table 2. EMBASE search strategy
Navigate to table in Protocol
Table 3. CENTRAL search strategy

Form: (interventions) and (oral cancer)

(palliative or chemoradiotherap* or surg* or radiotherap* or chemotherap* or brachytherap*)
(neck next dissection*)
(adjuvant or neo‐adjuvant or neoadjuvant)
(photodynamic or teletherap* or plesiotherap* or excision* or excise* or hyperfractionate* or hyper‐fractionate*)
(dahanca or arcon or radiat* or irradiat*)
(resect* or lymphadenectom* or curett* or glossectom* or antineoplas*)
(retroviral or retro‐viral)
(alternative or combined or gene or genetic or nutrition*)
(therapy or therapies)
(#8 and #9)
onyx‐015 or amifostine* or misonidazole* or erythropoietin*
(fluorouracil* or 5‐fluorouracil*)
(cisplatin* or paclitaxel* or vinblastine* or bleomycin* or 5fu or adriamycin* or doxorubicin* or methotrexa* or docetaxel* or carboplatin* or hydroxyurea)
(vitamin next supplement*)
(nutrition next supplement*)
(herb or herbs or herbal)
(locoregional* near recurren*)
(locoregional* near treatment)
(locoregional* near treatments)
(locoregional* near lymph*)
(aromatherap* or homeopath* or osteopath* or naturopath* or wholistic or holistic or reflexolog* or massage*)
(essential next oil*)
RADIOTHERAPY
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
SURGICAL PROCEDURES OPERATIVE
LYMPH
LYMPH NODE EXCISION
ANTIMETABOLITES
NURSING CARE
PALLIATIVE CARE
PERIOPERATIVE CARE
TERMINAL CARE
COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
NUTRITION THERAPY
REHABILITATION
REMISSION INDUCTION
SALVAGE THERAPY
(#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #10)
(#11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20)
(#21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30)
(#31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36 or #37 or #38)
(#39 or #40 or #41 or #42)
#43
(head near neck near cancer*)
(head near neck near tumor*)
(head near neck near tumour*)
(head near neck near neoplas*)
(head near neck near malignan*)
(head near neck near carcinoma*)
(head near neck near metasta*)
(#45 or #46 or #47 or #48 or #49 or #50 or #51)
(oral* near cancer*)
(oral* near tumor*)
(oral* near tumour*)
(oral* near neoplasm*)
(oral* near neoplas*)
(oral* near malignan*)
(oral* near carcinoma*)
(oral* near metasta*)
(intra‐oral* near cancer*)
(intra‐oral* near tumor*)
(intra‐oral* near tumour*)
(intra‐oral* near neoplas*)
(intra‐oral* near malignan*)
(intra‐oral* near carcinoma*)
(intra‐oral* near metasta*)
(gingiva* near metasta*)
(gingiva* near carcinoma*)
(gingiva* near malignan*)
(gingiva* near neoplas*)
(gingiva* near tumour*)
(gingiva* near tumor*)
(gingiva* near cancer*)
(oropharyn* near cancer*)
(oropharyn* near tumour*)
(oropharyn* near tumor*)
(oropharyn* near neoplas*)
(oropharyn* near malignan*)
(oropharyn* near carcinoma*)
(oropharyn* near metasta*)
(mouth* near metasta*)
(mouth* near carcinoma*)
(mouth* near malignan*)
(mouth* near neoplas*)
(mouth* near tumour*)
(mouth* near tumor*)
(mouth* near cancer*)
(tongue* near cancer*)
(tongue* near tumour*)
(tongue* near tumor*)
(tongue* near neoplas*)
(tongue* near malignan*)
(tongue* near carcinoma*)
(tongue* near metasta*)
(cheek* near metasta*)
(cheek* near carcinoma*)
(cheek* near malignan*)
(cheek* near neoplas*)
(cheek* near tumor*)
(cheek* near tumour*)
(cheek* near cancer*)
(gum near cancer*)
(gum near tumor*)
(gum near tumour*)
(gum near neoplas*)
(gum near malignan*)
(gum near carcinoma*)
(gum near metasta*)
(gums near metasta*)
(gums near carcinoma*)
(gums near malignan*)
(gums near neoplas*)
(gums near tumor*)
(gums near tumour*)
(gums near cancer*)
(palat* near cancer*)
(palat* near tumor*)
(palat* near tumour*)
(palat* near neoplas*)
(palat* near malignan*)
(palat* near carcinoma*)
(palat* near metasta*)
(intraoral* near metasta*)
(intraoral* near carcinoma*)
(intraoral* near malignan*)
(intraoral* near neoplas*)
(intraoral* near tumor*)
(intraoral* near tumour*)
(intraoral* near cancer*)
HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS
MOUTH NEOPLASMS
GINGIVAL NEOPLASMS
PALATAL NEOPLASMS
TONGUE NEOPLASMS
(#52 or #53 or #54 or #55 or #56 or #57 or #58 or #59)
(#60 or #61 or #62 or #63 or #64 or #65 or #66 or #67 or #68 or #69)
(#70 or #71 or #72 or #73 or #74 or #75 or #76 or #77 or #78 or #79)
(#80 or #81 or #82 or #83 or #84 or #85 or #86 or #87 or #88 or #89)
(#90 or #91 or #92 or #93 or #94 or #95 or #96 or #97 or #98 or #99)
(#100 or #101 or #102 or #103 or #104 or #105 or #106 or #107 or #108 or #109)
(#110 or #111 or #112 or #113 or #114 or #115 or #116 or #117 or #118 or #119)
(#120 or #121 or #122 or #123 or #124 or #125 or #126 or #127 or #128 or #129)
(#130 or #131 or #132 or #133 or #134 or #135 or #136 or #137 or #138 or #139)
(#140 or #141 or #142 or #143 or #144)
(#145 and #43)

Figures and Tables -
Table 3. CENTRAL search strategy
Navigate to table in Protocol
Table 4. Summary of inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Primary oral cancer

Lip

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Salivary gland malignancies

Histological variants of SCC

Nasopharyngeal cancer

Randomised controlled trials

Hypopharynx, nasopharynx and larynx

Primary and secondary outcomes included

Sarcomas and lymphomas

Surgical treatment of the primary tumour

Odontogenic tumours

Surgical management of the cervical lymph nodes when combined with surgical management of the primary tumour

Figures and Tables -
Table 4. Summary of inclusion and exclusion criteria
Navigate to table in Protocol