Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery
References
Additional references
Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. American Journal of Medicine 1983;74:14‐22. [MEDLINE: 6600371]
Bejar R, Curbelo V, Davi SC, Gluck L. Premature labour bacterial sources of phospholipase. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1981;57(4):479‐82. [MEDLINE: 7017516]
Black CM. Current methods of laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1997;10:160–84. [MEDLINE: 8993862]
Borchardt KA, Smith RF. An evaluation of an InPouchTMTV culture method for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Genitourinary Medicine 1991;67(2):149‐52. [MEDLINE: 2032710]
Brocklehurst P, Rooney G. Interventions for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Issue 4.
Brocklehurst P. Antibiotics for gonorrhoea in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2.
Brocklehurst P, Volmink J. Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3.
Carroll KC, Aldeen WE, Morrison M, Anderson R, Lee DD, Mottice S. Evaluation of the Abbott LCx ligase chain reaction assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine and genital swab specimens from a sexually transmitted disease clinic population. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998;36:1630‐3. [MEDLINE: 9620391]
Cotch MF, Pastorek JG, Nugent RP, Hillier SL, Gibbs RS, Martin DH, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1997;24(6):361‐2. [MEDLINE: 9243743]
Cotch MF, Hillier SL, Gibbs RS, Eschenbach DA. Epidemiology and outcomes associated with moderate to heavy Candida colonization during pregnancy. Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;178(2):374‐80. [MEDLINE: 9500502]
Cox SM, MacDonald PC, Casey ML. Cytokines and prostaglandins in amniotic fluid of preterm labor pregnancis: decidual origin in response to bacterial toxins(lipopolysaccharide{LPS} and lipotechnoic acid {LTA}. 36th annual meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation; 1989 March; San Diego. 1989.
Cunningham FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC, Hankins GDV, et al. Williams obstetrics. 20th Edition. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 1997.
Cunningham FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC, Hankins GDV, et al. Williams obstetrics. 21st Edition. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 2001.
Das A, Ray P, Sharma M, Gopalan S. Rapid diagnosis of vaginal carriage of group B beta haemolytic streptococcus by an enrichment cum antigen detection test. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2003;117:247‐52. [MEDLINE: 14748470]
Deeks JJ, Altman DG, Bradbury MJ. Statistical methods for examining heterogeneity and combining results from several studies in meta‐analysis. In: Egger M, Davey Smith G, Altman DG editor(s). Systematic reviews in health care: meta‐analysis in context. London: BMJ Books, 2001.
DeMeo LR, Draper DL, McGregor JA, Moore DF, Peter CR, Kapernick PS, et al. Evaluation of a deoxyribonucleic acid probe for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1996;174(4):1339‐42. [MEDLINE: 8623867]
Domeika M, Bassiri M, Butrimiene I, Venalis A, Ranceva J, Vasjanova V. Evaluation of vaginal introital sampling as an alternative approach for the detection of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1999;78(2):131‐6. [MEDLINE: 10023876]
Doyle LW, Ford GW, Olinsky A, Knoches AM, Callanan C. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight: lung function at 11 years of age. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 1996;32:339‐43. [MEDLINE: 8844542]
Elliott B, Brunham RC, Laga M, Piot P, Ndinya‐Achola JO, Maitha G, et al. Maternal gonococcal infection as a preventable risk factor for low birth weight. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1990;161(3):531‐6. [MEDLINE: 2313131]
Gates S. Methodological Guidelines. In: The Editorial Team. Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. About The Cochrane Collaboration (Collaborative Review Groups (CRGs)) 2005, Issue 2.
Gjerdingen D, Fontaine P, Bixby M, Santilli J, Welsh J. The impact of regular vaginal pH screening on the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Journal of Family Practice 2000;49(1):39‐43. [MEDLINE: 10678339]
Goldenberg RL, Rouse DJ. Prevention of premature birth. New England Journal of Medicine 1998;339(5):313‐20. [MEDLINE: 9682045]
Gravett MG, Nelson HP, DeRouen T, Critchlow C, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Independent associations of bacterial vaginosis and chlamydia trachomatis infection with adverse pregnancy outcome. JAMA 1986;256:1899‐905. [MEDLINE: 3761496]
Gulmezoglu AM. Interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 3.
Henriksen TB, Hedegaard M, Secher NS, Wilcox AJ. Standing at work and preterm delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1995;102(3):198. [MEDLINE: 7794843]
Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.4 [updated March 2005]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, Krohn MA, Gibbs RS, Martin DH. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low‐birth‐weight infant. New England Journal of Medicine 1995;333:1737‐42. [MEDLINE: 7491137]
Holzman C, Paneth N, Little R, Pinto‐Martin J. Perinatal brain injury in premature infants born to mothers using alcohol in pregnancy. Pediatrics 1995;95(1):66. [MEDLINE: 7770312]
Jespersen DJ, Flatten KS, Jones MF, Smith TF. Prospective comparison of cell cultures and nucleic acid amplification tests for laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2005;43(10):5324‐6. [MEDLINE: 16208009]
Kiss H, Pichler E, Petricevic L, Husslein P. Cost effectiveness of a screen‐and‐treat program for asymptomatic vaginal infections in pregnancy: towards a significant reduction in the costs of prematurity. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology2006; Vol. 127, issue 2:198‐203. [MEDLINE: 16303228]
Kleinman S, Busch MP, Hall L, Thomson R, Glynn S, Gallahan D, et al. False‐positive HIV‐1 test results in a low‐risk screening setting of voluntary blood donation. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. JAMA 1998;280(12):1080‐5. [MEDLINE: 9757856]
Koumans EH, Johnson RE, Knapp JS, St Louis ME. Laboratory testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae by recently introduced nonculture tests: a performance review with clinical and public health considerations. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1998;27:1171‐80. [MEDLINE: 9827265]
Lettieri L, Vintzileos AM, Rodis JF, Albini SM, Saladia CM. Does idiopathic preterm labor resulting in preterm birth exist?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1993;168(5):1480‐5. [MEDLINE: 8498431]
Livengood CH, Wrenn JW. Evaluation of COBAS Amplicor(Roche): accuracy in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by coamplification of endocervical specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2001;39:2928‐32. [MEDLINE: 11474015]
Lossick JG, Kent HL. Trichomoniasis: trends in diagnosis and management. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1991;165(4 Pt 2):1217‐22. [MEDLINE: 1951578]
Madico G, Quinn TC, Rompalo A, McKee KT, Gaydos CA. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR using vaginal swab samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998;36(11):3205‐10. [MEDLINE: 9774566]
Mayta H, Gilman RH, Calderon MM, Gottlieb A, Soto G, Tuero I, Sanchez S, et al. 18S ribosomal DNA‐based PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2000;38(7):2683‐7. [MEDLINE: 10878064]
McDonald HM, O'Loughin JA, Jolley PT, Vigneswaran R, McDonald PJ. Changes in vaginal flora during pregnancy and association with preterm birth. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1994;170(3):724‐8. [MEDLINE: 8077737]
McDonald H, Brocklehurst P, Parsons J. Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1.
McFarlin BL, Bottoms SF. Maternal syphilis in Michigan: the challenge to prevent congenital syphilis. Midwifery 1995;11(2):55‐60. [MEDLINE: 7616859]
McGregor JA, French JI, Richter R, Franco‐Buff A, Johnson A, Hillier S. Antenatal microbiological maternal risk factors associated with prematurity. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1990;163(5 Pt 1):1465‐73. [MEDLINE: 2240089]
Meis PJ, Goldenberg RL, Mercer B, Moawad A, Das A, McNellis D, et al. The preterm prediction study: significance of vaginal infections. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Units Network. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995;173(4):1231‐5. [MEDLINE: 7485327]
Muller I, Brade V, Hagedorn HJ, Straube E, Schorner C, Frosch M, et al. Is serological testing a reliable tool in laboratory diagnosis of syphilis? Meta‐analysis of eight external quality control surveys performed by the german infection serology proficiency testing program. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2006;44(4):1335‐41. [MEDLINE: 16597859]
Muresu R, Rubino S, Rizzu P, Baldini A, Colombo M, Cappuccinelli P. A new method for identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by fluorescent DNA in situ hybridization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1994;32(4):1018‐22. [MEDLINE: 8027304]
Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1991;29(2):297‐301. [MEDLINE: 1706728]
Papiernik E, Bouyer J, Collin D, Winisdoerffer G, Dreyfus J. Precocious cervical ripening and preterm labor. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1986;67(2):238. [MEDLINE: 3945433]
Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G. Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1998;11(2):300‐17. [MEDLINE: 9564565]
Quinlan JD, Hill DA, Maxwell BD, Boone S, Hoover F, Lense JJ. The necessity of both anorectal and vaginal cultures for group B streptococcus screening during pregnancy. Journal of Family Practice 2000;49(5):447‐8. [MEDLINE: 10836777]
Raynes‐Greenow CH, Roberts CL, Bell JC, Peat B, Gilbert GL. Antibiotics for ureaplasma in the vagina in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1.
Regan JA, Chao S, James SL. Premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and group B streptococcal colonization of mothers. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1981;141(2):184‐6. [MEDLINE: 7025636]
Rein MF, Muller M. Trichomonas vaginalis and trichomoniasis. In: Holmes KK, Mardh PA, Sparling PF, Wiesner PJ editor(s). Sexually transmitted diseases. McGraw‐Hill, 1990:481‐92.
The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 4.2 for Windows. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2003.
Roberts JM. Recent advances: obstetrics. BMJ 2000;321(7252):33‐5.
Romero R, Mazor M, Sepulveda W, Avila C, Copeland D, Williams J. Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1992;166(5):1576‐87. [MEDLINE: 1595815]
Saigal S, Hoult LA, Streiner DL, Stoskopf BL, Rosenbaum PL. School difficulties at adolescence in a regional cohort of children who were extremely low birth weight. Pediatrics 2000;105(2):325‐31. [MEDLINE: 10654950]
Satin AJ, Leveno KJ, Sherman ML, Reedy NJ, Lowe TW. Maternal youth and pregnancy outcomes: middle school versus high school age groups compared to women beyond the teen years. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1994;171(1):184. [MEDLINE: 8030697]
Shrier LA, Dean D, Klein E, Harter K, Rice PA. Limitations of screening tests for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic adolescent and young adult women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;190(3):654‐62. [MEDLINE: 15041995]
Temmerman M, Chomba EN, Ndinya‐Achola J, Plummer FA, Coppens M, Piot P. Maternal human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infection and pregnancy outcome. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1994;83(4):495‐501. [MEDLINE: 7907777]
Thies K, Anders C, Baldus M, Schleiffer T, Weber B, Rabenau H, et al. Detection of primary HIV infection by a second‐generation HIV(p24) antigen test. Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin 1994;21(5):333‐6. [MEDLINE: 7803996]
Thinkhamrop J, Hofmeyr GJ, Adetoro O, Lumbiganon P. Prophylactic antibiotic administration in pregnancy to prevent infectious morbidity and mortality. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 4.
Walker GJA. Antibiotics for syphilis diagnosed during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 3.
Watson EJ, Templeton A, Russell I, Paavonen J, Mardh PA, Stary A, et al. The accuracy and efficacy of screening tests for Chlamydia trachomatis: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2002;51(12):1021‐31. [MEDLINE: 12466399]
Wolner‐Hanssen P, Krieger JN, Stevens CE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky L, Critchlow C, et al. Clinical manifestations of vaginal trichomoniasis. JAMA 1989;261(4):571‐6. [MEDLINE: 2783346]
Wood NS, Marlow N, Costeloe K, Gibson AT, Wilkinson AR. Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth. EPICure Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 2000;343(6):378‐84. [MEDLINE: 10933736]
Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, Kim M, Oh SY, Kin CJ. The relationship among inflammatory lesions of the umbilical cord (funisitis), umbilical cord plasma interleukin 6 concentration, amniotic fluid infection, and neonatal sepsis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;183(5):1124‐9. [MEDLINE: 11084553]
