Our site uses cookies to improve your experience. You can find out more about our use of cookies in About Cookies, including instructions on how to turn off cookies if you wish to do so. By continuing to browse this site you agree to us using cookies as described in About Cookies.
Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT, editors. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.2 [updated March 2004]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blickstein 2004
Blickstein I. Difficult delivery of the impacted fetal head during cesarean section: intraoperative disengagement dystocia. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2004;32(6):465‐9.
Cheng YW, Hopkins LM, Caughey AB. How long is too long: does a prolonged second stage of labor in nulliparous women affect maternal and neonatal outcomes?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191:933‐8.
Cheong YC, Abdullahi H, Lashen H, Fairlie FM. Can formal education and training improve the outcome of instrumental delivery?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2004;113:139‐44.
Fraser WD, Marcoux S, Krauss I, Douglas J, Goulet C, Boulvain M. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of delayed pushing for nulliparous women in the second stage of labor with continuous epidural analgesia. The PEOPLE (Pushing Early or Pushing Late with Epidural) Study Group. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;182(5):1165‐72.
Janni W, Schiessl B, Peschers U, Huber S, Strobl B, Hantschmann P, et al. The prognostic impact of a prolonged second stage of labor on maternal and fetal outcome. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2002;81:214‐21.
Johnson JH, Figueroa R, Garry D, Elimian A, Maulik D. Immediate maternal and neonatal effects of forceps and vacuum‐assisted deliveries. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2004;103:513‐8.
Liebling RE, Swingler R, Patel RR, Verity L, Soothill PW, Murphy DJ. Pelvic floor morbidity up to one year after difficult instrumental delivery and caesarean section in the second stage of labour: a cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191:4‐10.
Liu EH, Sia AT. Rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in nulliparous women after low concentration epidural infusions or opioid analgesia: systematic review. BMJ 2004;328:1410.
Mola GD, Amoa AB, Edilyong J. Factors associated with success or failure in trials of vacuum extraction. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2002;42:35‐9.
Murphy DJ, Liebling RE, Verity L, Swingler R, Patel R. Early maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with operative delivery in second stage of labour: a cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:1203‐7.
Murphy DJ, Liebling RE, Patel R, Verity L, Swingler R. Cohort study of operative delivery in the second stage of labour and standard of obstetric care. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2003;110:610‐5.
Revah A, Ezra Y, Farine D, Ritchie K. Failed trial of vacuum or forceps: maternal and fetal outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1997;176:200‐4.
The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 4.2 for Windows. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2003.
Roberts 2002a
Roberts CL, Algert CS, Carnegie M, Peat B. Operative delivery during labour: trends and predictive factors. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2002;16:115‐23.
Roberts JE. A new understanding of the second stage of labor: implications for nursing care. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing 2003;32:794‐801.
Sadan O, Ginath S, Gomel A, Abramov D, Rotmensch S, Boaz M, et al. What to do after a failed attempt of vacuum delivery?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2003;107:151‐5.
Sau A, Sau M, Ahmed H, Brown R. Vacuum extraction: is there any need to improve the current training in the UK?. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2004;83:466‐70.
Sheiner E, Shoham‐Vardi I, Silberstein T, Hallak M, Katz M, Mazor M. Failed vacuum extraction. Maternal risk factors and pregnancy outcome. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2001;46:819‐24.
Zhang J, Yancey MK, Klebanoff MA, Schwart D. Does epidural analgesia prolong labor and increase risk of cesarean delivery? a natural experiment. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001;185:128‐34.
All sections are selected by default, please select the sections you do not wish to print or use the select or deselect all button to add or remove sections.
Select/deselect all
The data available are protected by copyright and may only be used in accordance with the Terms and Conditions.