Sprachtherapie für Aphasiker nach Schlaganfall
Abstract
Background
Aphasia is an acquired language impairment following brain damage that affects some or all language modalities: expression and understanding of speech, reading and writing. Approximately one‐third of people who have a stroke experience aphasia.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of speech and language therapy (SLT) for aphasia following stroke.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched June 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2011) and CINAHL (1982 to July 2011). In an effort to identify further published, unpublished and ongoing trials we handsearched the International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders (1969 to 2005) and reference lists of relevant articles and contacted academic institutions and other researchers. There were no language restrictions.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SLT (a formal intervention that aims to improve language and communication abilities, activity and participation) with (1) no SLT; (2) social support or stimulation (an intervention that provides social support and communication stimulation but does not include targeted therapeutic interventions); and (3) another SLT intervention (which differed in duration, intensity, frequency, intervention methodology or theoretical approach).
Data collection and analysis
We independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of included trials. We sought missing data from investigators.
Main results
We included 39 RCTs (51 randomised comparisons) involving 2518 participants in this review. Nineteen randomised comparisons (1414 participants) compared SLT with no SLT where SLT resulted in significant benefits to patients' functional communication (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.30, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.52, P = 0.008), receptive and expressive language. Seven randomised comparisons (432 participants) compared SLT with social support and stimulation but found no evidence of a difference in functional communication. Twenty‐five randomised comparisons (910 participants) compared two approaches to SLT. There was no indication of a difference in functional communication. Generally, the trials randomised small numbers of participants across a range of characteristics (age, time since stroke and severity profiles), interventions and outcomes. Suitable statistical data were unavailable for several measures.
Authors' conclusions
Our review provides some evidence of the effectiveness of SLT for people with aphasia following stroke in terms of improved functional communication, receptive and expressive language. However, some trials were poorly reported. The potential benefits of intensive SLT over conventional SLT were confounded by a significantly higher dropout from intensive SLT. More participants also withdrew from social support than SLT interventions. There was insufficient evidence to draw any conclusion regarding the effectiveness of any one specific SLT approach over another.
PICOs
Laienverständliche Zusammenfassung
Sprachtherapie für Aphasiker nach Schlaganfall
Sprachschwierigkeiten, die nach einem Schlaganfall entstehen können, werden Aphasie (oder Dysphasie) genannt. Etwa ein Drittel aller Personen, die einen Schlaganfall erleiden, entwickeln eine Aphasie, die einen oder mehrere Bereiche der Kommunikation betreffen kann (Sprechen, Verstehen gesprochener Worte, Lesen und Schreiben). Sprachtherapeuten bzw. Logopäden befassen sich mit der Beurteilung, Diagnosestellung und Therapie der Aphasie in allen Genesungsphasen und arbeiten eng mit der von Aphasie betroffenen Person und ihren Betreuern zusammen. Es existiert keine allgemein akzeptierte Behandlungsmethode, die bei jeder Person mit Aphasie angewendet werden kann. Wir ermittelten 39 Studien, die für die Aufnahme in diesen Review geeignet waren und 2518 randomisierte Patienten einschlossen. Insgesamt zeigt der Review, dass Evidenz aus randomisierten Studien einen Nutzen der Sprachtherapie nahelegt. Jedoch ist die Evidenz unzureichend, um festzulegen wie Sprachtherapie am besten durchführt werden sollte.
