Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed toward healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates
Appendices
Appendix 1. MEDLINE search strategy
Abbreviations used in this document
| mp | mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier |
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1996 to October 07, 2016>
Search Strategy: (results in brackets)
| Search no. | Keyword |
| 1 | Workplace Violence/ |
| 2 | Violence/pc |
| 3 | violen*.mp. |
| 4 | aggress*.mp. |
| 5 | angry.mp. |
| 6 | hostil*.mp. |
| 7 | "inappropriate behavio?r".mp. |
| 8 | bullying.mp. |
| 9 | pester*.mp. |
| 10 | Bullying/ |
| 11 | Aggression/ |
| 12 | Hostility/ |
| 13 | inappropriate behavio?r.mp. |
| 14 | (mob or mobs or mobbing).mp. |
| 15 | Agonistic Behavior/ |
| 16 | harass*.mp. |
| 17 | disrupt*.mp. |
| 18 | incivility.mp. |
| 19 | abus*.mp. |
| 20 | assault*.mp. |
| 21 | Violence/ |
| 22 | 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 |
| 23 | Health Occupations/ or Allied Health Occupations/ |
| 24 | health personnel.mp. or Health Personnel/ |
| 25 | personnel, hospital.mp. or Personnel, Hospital/ |
| 26 | health care worker.mp. |
| 27 | health care workers.mp. |
| 28 | health care personnel.mp. |
| 29 | health‐personnel.mp. |
| 30 | health provider.mp. |
| 31 | health providers.mp. |
| 32 | health care provider.mp. |
| 33 | health care providers.mp. |
| 34 | health staff.mp. |
| 35 | health care staff.mp. |
| 36 | healthcare staff.mp. |
| 37 | health professional.mp. |
| 38 | health care professional.mp. |
| 39 | healthcare professional.mp. |
| 40 | health worker.mp. |
| 41 | medical staff.mp. |
| 42 | medical personnel.mp. |
| 43 | medical professional.mp. |
| 44 | medical worker.mp. |
| 45 | medical provider.mp. |
| 46 | military‐medical personnel.mp. |
| 47 | Physicians/ or physicians.mp. |
| 48 | Physician.mp. |
| 49 | doctor.mp. |
| 50 | practitioner.mp. |
| 51 | clinician.mp. |
| 52 | nurses.mp. or Nurses/ |
| 53 | nurse.mp. |
| 54 | nursing staff.mp. |
| 55 | nursing assistant.mp. |
| 56 | nursing assistants.mp. |
| 57 | Nurses' Aides/ |
| 58 | Nurse Midwives/ |
| 59 | midwife.mp. |
| 60 | midwives.mp. |
| 61 | Dentists/ or dental personnel.mp. or Dental Staff/ |
| 62 | dentist.mp. |
| 63 | dentists.mp. |
| 64 | dental assistant.mp. |
| 65 | dental assistants.mp. or Dental Assistants/ |
| 66 | Pharmacists' Aides/ or Pharmacists/ |
| 67 | pharmacist.mp. |
| 68 | physical therapists.mp. or Physical Therapists/ |
| 69 | physical therapist.mp. |
| 70 | physiotherapist*.mp. |
| 71 | therapist*.mp. |
| 72 | Physical Therapist Assistants/ |
| 73 | technician*.mp. |
| 74 | radiographer.mp. |
| 75 | radiographers.mp. |
| 76 | emergency medical services.mp. or Emergency Medical Services/ |
| 77 | Patient Transfer/ or "Transportation of Patients"/ or transporting patients.mp. |
| 78 | patient transport.mp. |
| 79 | Allied Health Personnel/ |
| 80 | paramedic*.mp. |
| 81 | paramedical personnel.mp. |
| 82 | emergency department.mp. or Emergency Service, Hospital/ |
| 83 | emergenc*.mp. |
| 84 | health manager.mp. |
| 85 | health care manager.mp. |
| 86 | healthcare manager.mp. |
| 87 | clinical officer.mp. |
| 88 | reception.mp. |
| 89 | 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56 or 57 or 58 or 59 or 60 or 61 or 62 or 63 or 64 or 65 or 66 or 67 or 68 or 69 or 70 or 71 or 72 or 73 or 74 or 75 or 76 or 77 or 78 or 79 or 80 or 81 or 82 or 83 or 84 or 85 or 86 or 87 or 88 |
| 90 | 22 and 89 |
| 91 | Organizational Policy/ |
| 92 | Policy/ |
| 93 | organi?ational polic*.mp. |
| 94 | policy.mp. |
| 95 | interven*.mp. |
| 96 | policies.mp. |
| 97 | management.mp. |
| 98 | Safety Management.mp. or Safety Management/ |
| 99 | Staff Development.mp. or Staff Development/ |
| 100 | Inservice Training.mp. or Inservice Training/ |
| 101 | professional development.mp. |
| 102 | program*.mp. |
| 103 | aggression management.mp. |
| 104 | reduction.mp. |
| 105 | evaluation.mp. |
| 106 | decreas*.mp. |
| 107 | (prevention and control).mp. |
| 108 | measures.mp. |
| 109 | improv*.mp. |
| 110 | 91 or 92 or 93 or 94 or 95 or 96 or 97 or 98 or 99 or 100 or 101 or 102 or 103 or 104 or 105 or 106 or 107 or 108 or 109 |
| 111 | 90 and 110 |
| 112 | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/ |
| 113 | randomi?ed controlled trial.mp. |
| 114 | randomi?ed.mp. |
| 115 | placebo.mp. |
| 116 | controlled clinical trial.mp. or Controlled Clinical Trial/ |
| 117 | Clinical Trials as Topic/ |
| 118 | randomly.mp. |
| 119 | trial.mp. |
| 120 | Random Allocation/ |
| 121 | randomi?ation.mp. |
| 122 | Randomized Controlled Trial/ |
| 123 | 112 or 113 or 114 or 115 or 116 or 117 or 118 or 119 or 120 or 121 or 122 |
| 124 | 111 and 123 |
| 125 | controlled before‐after study.mp. or Controlled Before‐After Studies/ |
| 126 | controlled before‐after stud*.mp. |
| 127 | "controlled before and after stud*".mp. |
| 128 | CBA stud*.mp. |
| 129 | before‐after study.mp. |
| 130 | before‐after studies.mp. |
| 131 | 125 or 126 or 127 or 128 or 129 or 130 |
| 132 | 111 and 131 |
| 133 | prospective studies.mp. or Prospective Studies/ |
| 134 | prospective study.mp. |
| 135 | longitudinal studies.mp. or Longitudinal Studies/ |
| 136 | 133 or 134 or 135 |
| 137 | 111 and 136 |
Appendix 2. Data extraction form
Cochrane Work Group
Cochrane Work title 029: Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed toward healthcare workers
Data collection form for intervention reviews: RCTs, cluster RCTs and CBAs
| Review title or ID | |
| Study ID | |
| Report ID | |
| Report ID of other reports of this study including errata or retractions | |
| Notes | |
General information
| Date form completed | |
| Name/ID of person extracting data | |
| Reference citation | |
| Study author contact details | |
| Publication type | |
| Notes: | |
Study eligibility
| Study characteristics | Eligibility criteria | Eligibility criteria met? | Location in text or source | |||
| Yes | No | Unclear | ||||
| Type of study | Randomised controlled trial | |||||
| Controlled before‐and‐after study | ||||||
| Participants | ||||||
| Types of intervention | ||||||
| Types of comparison | ||||||
| Types of outcome measures | ||||||
| INCLUDE | EXCLUDE | |||||
| Reason for exclusion | ||||||
| Notes: | ||||||
DO NOT PROCEED IF STUDY IS EXCLUDED FROM REVIEW
Characteristics of included studies
Methods
| Descriptions as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | ||
| Aim of study | |||
| Design | |||
| Unit of allocation | |||
| Start date | |||
| End date | |||
| Duration of participation | |||
| Ethical approval needed/obtained for study | Yes No Unclear | ||
| Notes: | |||
Participants
| Description | Location in text or source | ||
| Population description | |||
| Setting | |||
| Inclusion criteria | |||
| Exclusion criteria | |||
| Method of recruitment of participants | |||
| Informed consent obtained | Yes No Unclear | ||
| Total no. randomised | |||
| Clusters | |||
| Baseline imbalances | |||
| Withdrawals and exclusions | |||
| Age | |||
| Sex | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Severity of illness | |||
| Co‐morbidities | |||
| Other relevant sociodemographics | |||
| Subgroups measured | |||
| Subgroups reported | |||
| Notes: | |||
Intervention groups
Intervention group 1
| Description as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | |
| Group name | ||
| No. randomised to group | ||
| Theoretical basis | ||
| Description | ||
| Duration of treatment period | ||
| Timing | ||
| Delivery | ||
| Providers | ||
| Co‐interventions | ||
| Economic information | ||
| Resource requirements | ||
| Integrity of delivery | ||
| Compliance | ||
| Notes: | ||
Outcomes (separate for each outcome)
-
Number of episodes of aggression.
-
Number of episodes of aggression resulting in no harm or injury, psychological harm or injury, or physical harm or injury.
| Description as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | ||
| Outcome name | |||
| Time points measured | |||
| Time points reported | |||
| Outcome definition | |||
| Person measuring/reporting | |||
| Unit of measurement | |||
| Scales: upper and lower limits | |||
| Is outcome/tool validated? | Yes No Unclear | ||
| Imputation of missing data | |||
| Assumed risk estimate | |||
| Power | |||
| Notes: | |||
Other
| Study funding sources | |
| Possible conflicts of interest | |
| Notes: | |
'Risk of bias' assessment
| Domain | Risk of bias | Support for judgement (include direct quotes where available with explanatory comments) | Location in text or source | ||
| Low | High | Unclear | |||
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | |||||
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | |||||
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Outcome group: All/ | ||||
| (if separate judgement by outcome(s) required) | Outcome group: | ||||
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Outcome group: All/ | ||||
| (if separate judgement by outcome(s) required) | Outcome group: | ||||
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Outcome group: All/ | ||||
| (if separate judgement by outcome(s) required) | Outcome group: | ||||
| Selective outcome reporting? (reporting bias) | |||||
| Other bias | |||||
| Notes: | |||||
Data and analysis (for each outcome)
Dichotomous outcome
| Description as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | |||||
| Comparison | ||||||
| Outcome | ||||||
| Subgroup | ||||||
| Time point | ||||||
| Results | Intervention | Comparison | ||||
| No. with event | Total in group | No. with event | Total in group | |||
| Any other results reported | ||||||
| No. missing participants | ||||||
| Reasons missing | ||||||
| No. participants moved from other group | ||||||
| Reasons moved | ||||||
| Unit of analysis | ||||||
| Statistical methods used and appropriateness of these | ||||||
| Reanalysis required? | Yes No Unclear | |||||
| Reanalysis possible? | Yes No Unclear | |||||
| Reanalysed results | ||||||
| Notes: | ||||||
Continuous outcome
| Description as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | |||||||
| Comparison | ||||||||
| Outcome | ||||||||
| Subgroup | ||||||||
| Time point | ||||||||
| Post‐intervention or change from baseline? | ||||||||
| Results | Intervention | Comparison | ||||||
| Mean | SD | No. participants | Mean | SD | No. participants | |||
| Any other results reported | ||||||||
| No. missing participants | ||||||||
| Reasons missing | ||||||||
| No. participants moved from other group | ||||||||
| Reasons moved | ||||||||
| Unit of analysis | ||||||||
| Statistical methods used and appropriateness of these | ||||||||
| Reanalysis required? | Yes No Unclear | |||||||
| Reanalysis possible? | Yes No Unclear | |||||||
| Reanalysed results | ||||||||
| Notes: | ||||||||
Other outcome
| Description as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | |||||
| Comparison | ||||||
| Outcome | ||||||
| Subgroup | ||||||
| Time point | ||||||
| No. participant | Intervention | Control | ||||
| Results | Intervention result | SE (or other variance) | Control result | SE (or other variance) | ||
| Overall results | SE (or other variance) | |||||
| Any other results reported | ||||||
| No. missing participants | ||||||
| Reasons missing | ||||||
| No. participants moved from other group | ||||||
| Reasons moved | ||||||
| Unit of analysis | ||||||
| Statistical methods used and appropriateness of these | ||||||
| Reanalysis required?) | Yes No Unclear | |||||
| Reanalysis possible? | Yes No Unclear | |||||
| Reanalysed results | ||||||
| Notes: | ||||||
Other information
| Description as stated in report/paper | Location in text or source | |
| Key conclusions of study authors | ||
| References to other relevant studies | ||
| Correspondence required for further study information | ||
| Notes: | ||
