Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease

Julia MT Colombijn; Lotty Hooft; Min Jun; Angela C Webster; Michiel L Bots; Marianne C Verhaar; Robin WM Vernooij

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008176.pub3

Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Contenido relacionado

Ir a:

Revisiones y protocolos relacionados
Podcasts
Guías
Temas

Revisiones y protocolos relacionados

Topics

Temas

Figure 1

Flow chart: 2023 review update study selection

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Figure 2

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Figure 3

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 1: Cardiovascular death

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 2: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 3: Cardiovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 4: Coronary heart disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 5: Heart failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 6: Cerebrovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 7: Peripheral vascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 8: Kidney failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 9: eGFR at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 10: Change in eGFR

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 11: Serum creatinine at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 12: Change in serum creatinine

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 13: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 14: Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 15: Proteinuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.16

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 16: Change in proteinuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.17

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 17: Albuminuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.18

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 18: Change in albuminuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.19

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 19: Vascular access thrombosis

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.20

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 20: Graft loss

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.21

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 21: Graft failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.22

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 22: Delayed graft function

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.23

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 23: Malignancy

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.24

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 24: Major bleeding

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.25

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 25: Infection

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.26

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 26: Sensitivity analysis: change in eGFR without imputed SD

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.27

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 27: Sensitivity analysis: change in serum creatinine without imputed SD

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 1.28

Comparison 1: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 28: Sensitivity analysis: change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio without imputed SD

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2: Pomegranate juice versus pomegranate extract, Outcome 1: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3: Zinc acetate versus polaprezinc, Outcome 1: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 1: Cardiovascular death

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 2: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 3: Cardiovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 4: Coronary heart disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.5

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 5: Heart failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.6

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 6: Cerebrovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.7

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 7: Peripheral vascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.8

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 8: Kidney failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.9

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 9: eGFR at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.10

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 10: Change in eGFR

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.11

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 11: Serum creatinine at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.12

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 12: Change in serum creatinine

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.13

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 13: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.14

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 14: Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.15

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 15: Albuminuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.16

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 16: Change in albuminuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.17

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 17: Vascular access thrombosis

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.18

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 18: Graft loss

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.19

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 19: Delayed graft function

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.20

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 20: Malignancy

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.21

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 21: Major bleeding

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 4.22

Comparison 4: Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 22: Infection

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 1: Cardiovascular death

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 2: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 3: Cardiovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 4: Coronary heart disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 5: Heart failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 6: Cerebrovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 7: Peripheral vascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.8

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 8: Kidney failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.9

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 9: eGFR at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.10

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 10: Change in eGFR

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.11

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 11: Serum creatinine at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.12

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 12: Change in serum creatinine

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.13

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 13: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.14

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 14: Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.15

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 15: Proteinuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.16

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 16: Change in proteinuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.17

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 17: Albuminuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.18

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 18: Change in albuminuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.19

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 19: Graft loss

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.20

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 20: Graft failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.21

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 21: Delayed graft function

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.22

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 22: Malignancy

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.23

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 23: Major bleeding

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 5.24

Comparison 5: Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy, Outcome 24: Infection

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 1: Cardiovascular death

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 2: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.3

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 3: Cardiovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.4

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 4: Coronary heart disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.5

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 5: Heart failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.6

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 6: Cerebrovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.7

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 7: Peripheral vascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.8

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 8: Kidney failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.9

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 9: eGFR at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.10

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 10: Change in eGFR

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.11

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 11: Serum creatinine at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.12

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 12: Change in serum creatinine

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.13

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 13: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.14

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 14: Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.15

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 15: Proteinuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.16

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 16: Change in proteinuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.17

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 17: Albuminuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.18

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 18: Change in albuminuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.19

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 19: Vascular access thrombosis

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.20

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 20: Graft loss

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.21

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 21: Delayed graft function

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.22

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 22: Malignancy

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.23

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 23: Major bleeding

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 6.24

Comparison 6: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias, Outcome 24: Infection

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 1: Cardiovascular death

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 2: Death (any cause)

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.3

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 3: Cardiovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.4

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 4: Coronary heart disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.5

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 5: Heart failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.6

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 6: Cerebrovascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.7

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 7: Peripheral vascular disease

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.8

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 8: Kidney failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.9

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 9: eGFR at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.10

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 10: Change in eGFR

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.11

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 11: Serum creatinine at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.12

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 12: Change in serum creatinine

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.13

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 13: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.14

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 14: Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.15

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 15: Proteinuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.16

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 16: Change in proteinuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.17

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 17: Albuminuria at end of study

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.18

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 18: Change in albuminuria

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.19

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 19: Vascular access thrombosis

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.20

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 20: Graft loss

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.21

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 21: Graft failure

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.22

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 22: Delayed graft function

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.23

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 23: Malignancy

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.24

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 24: Major bleeding

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Analysis 7.25

Comparison 7: Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more, Outcome 25: Infection

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Summary of findings 1. Antioxidants versus control for adults with chronic kidney disease

Outcomes	Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No. of participants (RCTs)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)
Antioxidants versus control for adults with chronic kidney disease
Patient or population: adults with CKD Settings: all settings Intervention: antioxidants Comparison: control (placebo, usual care, no treatment)
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	Control	Antioxidants
Cardiovascular death Follow‐up: 12 weeks to 2.25 years (median 9.8 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5D, CKD 5‐transplant)		RR 0.94 (0.64 to 1.40)	3813 (8)	Low⁵ ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	59 per 1000	56 per 1000 (38 to 83)	RR 0.94 (0.64 to 1.40)	3813 (8)	Low⁵ ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	CKD 3‐5		RR 0.89 (0.46 to 1.74)	3269 (3)	Very low^1,2,3 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	53 per 1000	47 per 1000 (24 to 91)	RR 0.89 (0.46 to 1.74)	3269 (3)	Very low^1,2,3 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	CKD 5D		RR 0.84 (0.49 to 1.44)	444 (4)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	119 per 1000	100 per 1000 (59 to 172)	RR 0.84 (0.49 to 1.44)	444 (4)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 5‐transplant		RR 5.00 (0.25 to 101.58)	100 (1)	Very low^1,7 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	0 per 1000	0 per 1000 (0 to 0)	RR 5.00 (0.25 to 101.58)	100 (1)	Very low^1,7 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Death (any cause) Follow‐up: 1 month to 5 years (median 6 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5D, CKD 5‐transplant)		RR 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11)	7530 (45)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	79 per 1000	75 per 1000 (65 to 87)	RR 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11)	7530 (45)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 3‐5		RR 0.1.00 (0.82 to 1.20)	4229 (13)	Low⁵ ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	77 per 1000	77 per 1000 (63 to 93)	RR 0.1.00 (0.82 to 1.20)	4229 (13)	Low⁵ ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	CKD 5D		RR 0.92 (0.69 to 1.22)	2261 (21)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	81 per 1000	75 per 1000 (59 to 99)	RR 0.92 (0.69 to 1.22)	2261 (21)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 5‐transplant		RR 0.82 (0.53 to 1.28)	1040 (11)	Very low^3,5 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	80 per 1000	65 per 1000 (42 to 102)	RR 0.82 (0.53 to 1.28)	1040 (11)	Very low^3,5 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Cardiovascular disease Follow‐up: 12 weeks to 2 years (median 11 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5D, CKD 5‐transplant)		RR 0.79 (0.63 to 0.99)	4768 (16)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	120 per 1000	95 per 1000 (76 to 119)	RR 0.79 (0.63 to 0.99)	4768 (16)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 3‐5		RR 0.76 (0.59 to 0.99)	4050 (8)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	126 per 1000	96 per 1000 (75 to 125)	RR 0.76 (0.59 to 0.99)	4050 (8)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 5D		RR 0.87 (0.47 to 1.62)	557 (6)	Low^1,3 ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	104 per 1000	91 per 1000 (49 to 169)	RR 0.87 (0.47 to 1.62)	557 (6)	Low^1,3 ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	CKD 5‐transplant		RR 5.00 (0.25 to 101.58)	161 (2)	Very low^5,7 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	0 per 1000	0 per 1000 (0 to 0)	RR 5.00 (0.25 to 101.58)	161 (2)	Very low^5,7 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Heart failure Follow‐up: 16 weeks to 2 years (median 12 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5D, CKD 5‐transplant)		RR 1.40 (1.11 to 1.76)	3733 (6)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	62 per 1000	86 per 1000 (68 to 108)	RR 1.40 (1.11 to 1.76)	3733 (6)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 3‐5		RR 1.40 (1.11 to 1.76)	3733 (6)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	62 per 1000	86 per 1000 (68 to 108)	RR 1.40 (1.11 to 1.76)	3733 (6)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 5D		‐	‐	No evidence
	‐	‐	‐	‐	No evidence
	CKD 5‐transplant		‐	‐	No evidence
	‐	‐	‐	‐	No evidence
Kidney failure Follow‐up: 3 months to 5 years (median 12 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5‐transplant)		RR 0.65 (0.41 to 1.02)	3201 (10)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	77 per 1000	50 per 1000 (31 to 78)	RR 0.65 (0.41 to 1.02)	3201 (10)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 3‐5		RR 0.68 (0.40 to 1.17)	3024 (9)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	68 per 1000	46 per 1000 (27 to 80)	RR 0.68 (0.40 to 1.17)	3024 (9)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 5‐transplant		RR 0.53 (0.26 to 1.11)	177 (1)	Low^1,3 ⊕⊕⊝⊝
	208 per 1000	110 per 1000 (54 to 231)	RR 0.53 (0.26 to 1.11)	177 (1)	Low^1,3 ⊕⊕⊝⊝
Change in eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) Follow‐up: 2 days to 2 years (median 6 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5‐transplant)		‐	4128 (28)	Very low^1,4,6 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	The mean change in eGFR was 3.65 higher with antioxidants than control (2.81 higher to 4.50 higher)		‐	4128 (28)	Very low^1,4,6 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	CKD 3‐5		‐	4057 (26)	Very low^1,4,6 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	The mean change in eGFR was 3.72 higher with antioxidants than control (2.85 higher to 4.58 higher)		‐	4057 (26)	Very low^1,4,6 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	CKD 5‐transplant		‐	71 (2)	Very low^1,2,3,4 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	The mean change in eGFR was 3.97 higher with antioxidants than control (4.18 lower to 12.13 higher)		‐	71 (2)	Very low^1,2,3,4 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Graft loss Follow‐up: 1 month to 5 years (median 12 months)	CKD 5‐transplant		RR 0.88 (0.67 to 1.17)	1053 (11)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	155 per 1000	136 per 1000	RR 0.88 (0.67 to 1.17)	1053 (11)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
Infection Follow‐up: 7 days to 3 years (median 12 months)	All adults (CKD 3‐5, CKD 5‐transplant)		RR 1.30 (1.14 to 1.50)	3697 (14)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	189 per 1000	246 per 1000 (216 to 284)	RR 1.30 (1.14 to 1.50)	3697 (14)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 3‐5		RR 1.46 (1.28 to 1.66)	2802 (6)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	203 per 1000	297 per 1000 (260 to 337)	RR 1.46 (1.28 to 1.66)	2802 (6)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	CKD 5D		RR 1.39 (0.73 to 2.65)	616 (5)	Very low^1,7 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	51 per 1000	72 per 1000 (253 to 418)	RR 1.39 (0.73 to 2.65)	616 (5)	Very low^1,7 ⊕⊝⊝⊝
	CKD 5‐transplant		RR 1.00 (0.78 to 1.29)	279 (3)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
	324 per 1000	324 per 1000 (253 to 418)	RR 1.00 (0.78 to 1.29)	279 (3)	Moderate¹ ⊕⊕⊕⊝
The basis for the assumed risk* (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CKD: chronic kidney disease; CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
1 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to risk of bias 2 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to inconsistency (due to substantial heterogeneity (I² ranged from 50% to 90%) 3 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to imprecision in CIs 4 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to possible publication bias 5 Evidence certainty was downgraded by two levels due to risk of bias and difference in estimates in analysis with all studies and analysis with only studies with low risk of bias 6 Evidence certainty was downgraded by two levels for inconsistency due to considerable heterogeneity (I² ≥ 90%) 7 Evidence certainty was downgraded by two levels due to very large imprecision in CIs

Summary of findings 1. Antioxidants versus control for adults with chronic kidney disease

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 1. Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Cardiovascular death Show forest plot	8	3813	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.64, 1.40]

1.1.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	3269	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.46, 1.74]
1.1.2 CKD stage 5D	4	444	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.49, 1.44]
1.1.3 Kidney transplant	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.00 [0.25, 101.58]
1.2 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	45	7530	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.82, 1.11]

1.2.1 CKD stages 3‐5	13	4229	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.82, 1.20]
1.2.2 CKD stage 5D	21	2261	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.69, 1.22]
1.2.3 Kidney transplant	11	1040	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.53, 1.28]
1.3 Cardiovascular disease Show forest plot	16	4768	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.63, 0.99]

1.3.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	4050	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.59, 0.99]
1.3.2 CKD stage 5D	6	557	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.47, 1.62]
1.3.3 Kidney transplant	2	161	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.00 [0.25, 101.58]
1.4 Coronary heart disease Show forest plot	12	4372	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.64, 1.12]

1.4.1 CKD stages 3‐5	7	3811	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.76, 1.24]
1.4.2 CKD stage 5D	6	561	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.30, 1.15]
1.5 Heart failure Show forest plot	6	3733	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.40 [1.11, 1.76]

1.5.1 CKD stages 3‐5	6	3733	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.40 [1.11, 1.76]
1.6 Cerebrovascular disease Show forest plot	8	1768	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.71, 1.32]

1.6.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1147	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.71, 1.38]
1.6.2 CKD stage 5D	4	521	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.31, 1.98]
1.6.3 Kidney transplant	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.00 [0.13, 71.92]
1.7 Peripheral vascular disease Show forest plot	4	1492	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.41, 1.47]

1.7.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	1162	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.34, 2.90]
1.7.2 CKD stage 5D	2	330	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.26, 1.12]
1.8 Kidney failure Show forest plot	10	3201	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.41, 1.02]

1.8.1 CKD stages 3‐5	9	3024	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.40, 1.17]
1.8.2 Kidney transplant	1	177	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.26, 1.11]
1.9 eGFR at end of study Show forest plot	32	2435	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.85 [2.13, 5.56]

1.9.1 CKD stages 3‐5	22	1597	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.51 [1.47, 5.54]
1.9.2 Kidney transplant	10	838	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.75 [1.46, 8.04]
1.10 Change in eGFR Show forest plot	28	4128	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.65 [2.81, 4.50]

1.10.1 CKD stages 3‐5	26	4057	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.72 [2.85, 4.58]
1.10.2 Kidney transplant	2	71	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.97 [‐4.18, 12.13]
1.11 Serum creatinine at end of study Show forest plot	22	1587	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.24 [‐15.71, 3.23]

1.11.1 CKD stages 3‐5	9	562	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.70 [‐12.38, 15.79]
1.11.2 Kidney transplant	13	1025	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐13.87 [‐28.02, 0.28]
1.12 Change in serum creatinine Show forest plot	16	3180	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐13.35 [‐23.49, ‐3.20]

1.12.1 CKD stages 3‐5	11	2970	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐13.64 [‐24.75, ‐2.53]
1.12.2 Kidney transplant	5	210	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐18.90 [‐46.82, 9.01]
1.13 Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study Show forest plot	5	1174	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.59 [‐12.78, 11.59]

1.13.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	1174	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.59 [‐12.78, 11.59]
1.14 Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio Show forest plot	7	1286	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.04 [‐0.55, 0.47]

1.14.1 CKD stages 3‐5	7	1286	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.04 [‐0.55, 0.47]
1.15 Proteinuria at end of study Show forest plot	9	536	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.78, 0.31]

1.15.1 CKD stages 3‐5	9	536	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.78, 0.31]
1.16 Change in proteinuria Show forest plot	8	468	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐1.11, 0.09]

1.16.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	468	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐1.11, 0.09]
1.17 Albuminuria at end of study Show forest plot	4	395	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	94.75 [0.57, 188.94]

1.17.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	395	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	94.75 [0.57, 188.94]
1.18 Change in albuminuria Show forest plot	4	395	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐87.08 [‐221.12, 46.97]

1.18.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	395	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐87.08 [‐221.12, 46.97]
1.19 Vascular access thrombosis Show forest plot	3	209	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.41, 2.84]

1.19.1 CKD stage 5D	3	209	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.41, 2.84]
1.20 Graft loss Show forest plot	11	1053	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.67, 1.17]

1.20.1 Kidney transplant	11	1053	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
1.21 Graft failure Show forest plot	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.95]

1.21.1 Kidney transplant	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.95]
1.22 Delayed graft function Show forest plot	11	859	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.75, 1.09]

1.22.1 Kidney transplant	11	859	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.75, 1.09]
1.23 Malignancy Show forest plot	3	507	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.12, 3.63]

1.23.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	227	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.05, 2.33]
1.23.2 CKD stage 5D	2	280	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.33 [0.09, 20.26]
1.24 Major bleeding Show forest plot	6	449	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.41, 3.12]

1.24.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	96	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.07, 5.97]
1.24.2 CKD stage 5D	4	353	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.55 [0.45, 5.31]
1.25 Infection Show forest plot	14	3697	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.30 [1.14, 1.50]

1.25.1 CKD stages 3‐5	6	2802	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.46 [1.28, 1.66]
1.25.2 CKD stage 5D	5	616	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.39 [0.73, 2.65]
1.25.3 Kidney transplant	3	279	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.78, 1.29]
1.26 Sensitivity analysis: change in eGFR without imputed SD Show forest plot	9	3024	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.17 [2.93, 5.42]

1.26.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	3014	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.09 [2.84, 5.34]
1.26.3 Kidney transplant	1	10	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.60 [0.12, 19.08]
1.27 Sensitivity analysis: change in serum creatinine without imputed SD Show forest plot	3	297	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.12 [‐13.90, 13.65]

1.27.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	287	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.43 [‐25.61, 14.74]
1.27.3 Kidney transplant	1	10	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	11.30 [‐7.76, 30.36]
1.28 Sensitivity analysis: change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio without imputed SD Show forest plot	2	145	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.00 [‐0.14, 0.14]

1.28.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	145	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.00 [‐0.14, 0.14]

Comparison 1. Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 2. Pomegranate juice versus pomegranate extract

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
2.1 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	1	24	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable

Comparison 2. Pomegranate juice versus pomegranate extract

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 3. Zinc acetate versus polaprezinc

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
3.1 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	1	91	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	11.73 [0.67, 206.19]

Comparison 3. Zinc acetate versus polaprezinc

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 4. Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
4.1 Cardiovascular death Show forest plot	3	1223	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.59, 1.28]

4.1.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	993	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.70, 1.40]
4.1.2 CKD stage 5D	2	230	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.27, 1.21]
4.2 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	13	2469	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.74, 1.14]

4.2.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	1054	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.69, 1.18]
4.2.2 CKD stage 5D	10	1353	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.67, 1.42]
4.2.3 Kidney transplant	1	62	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.50 [0.10, 2.53]
4.3 Cardiovascular disease Show forest plot	7	1658	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.49, 1.32]

4.3.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1282	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.38, 1.30]
4.3.2 CKD stage 5D	4	376	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.41, 3.59]
4.4 Coronary heart disease Show forest plot	6	1457	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.61 [0.29, 1.26]

4.4.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1110	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.50, 1.52]
4.4.2 CKD stage 5D	4	347	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.46 [0.12, 1.75]
4.5 Heart failure Show forest plot	1	993	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.30 [0.96, 1.77]

4.5.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	993	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.30 [0.96, 1.77]
4.6 Cerebrovascular disease Show forest plot	5	1454	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.72, 1.37]

4.6.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1147	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.71, 1.38]
4.6.2 CKD stage 5D	2	307	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.35, 3.06]
4.7 Peripheral vascular disease Show forest plot	2	1189	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.28, 2.37]

4.7.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	993	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.20 [0.93, 1.55]
4.7.2 CKD stage 5D	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.38 [0.10, 1.40]
4.8 Kidney failure Show forest plot	1	93	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.63 [0.41, 6.43]

4.8.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	93	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.63 [0.41, 6.43]
4.9 eGFR at end of study Show forest plot	6	387	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.59 [‐5.97, 7.16]

4.9.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	241	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.70 [‐9.28, 5.88]
4.9.2 Kidney transplant	2	146	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	6.45 [4.88, 8.02]
4.10 Change in eGFR Show forest plot	5	251	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.42 [‐0.26, 5.10]

4.10.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	241	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.96 [‐0.78, 4.70]
4.10.2 Kidney transplant	1	10	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.60 [0.12, 19.08]
4.11 Serum creatinine at end of study Show forest plot	3	133	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [‐11.36, 12.38]

4.11.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	61	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	7.00 [‐12.83, 26.83]
4.11.2 Kidney transplant	2	72	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐3.12 [‐17.93, 11.70]
4.12 Change in serum creatinine Show forest plot	2	71	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.85 [‐4.14, 13.84]

4.12.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	61	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.00 [‐7.20, 13.20]
4.12.2 Kidney transplant	1	10	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	11.30 [‐7.76, 30.36]
4.13 Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study Show forest plot	2	1054	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [‐2.74, 3.08]

4.13.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	1054	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [‐2.74, 3.08]
4.14 Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio Show forest plot	2	1054	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.73 [‐6.87, 12.32]

4.14.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	1054	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.73 [‐6.87, 12.32]
4.15 Albuminuria at end of study Show forest plot	1	93	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐30.00 [‐342.31, 282.31]

4.15.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	93	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐30.00 [‐342.31, 282.31]
4.16 Change in albuminuria Show forest plot	1	93	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.00 [‐217.48, 209.48]

4.16.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	93	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.00 [‐217.48, 209.48]
4.17 Vascular access thrombosis Show forest plot	3	209	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.41, 2.84]

4.17.1 CKD stage 5D	3	209	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.41, 2.84]
4.18 Graft loss Show forest plot	1	62	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.08, 1.91]

4.18.1 Kidney transplant	1	62	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.08, 1.91]
4.19 Delayed graft function Show forest plot	2	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.49, 1.60]

4.19.1 Kidney transplant	2	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.49, 1.60]
4.20 Malignancy Show forest plot	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.10 [0.25, 104.92]

4.20.1 CKD stage 5D	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.10 [0.25, 104.92]
4.21 Major bleeding Show forest plot	2	238	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.29 [0.22, 7.52]

4.21.1 CKD stage 5D	2	238	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.29 [0.22, 7.52]
4.22 Infection Show forest plot	5	606	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.39 [0.73, 2.64]

4.22.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.06, 14.78]
4.22.2 CKD stage 5D	4	545	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.42 [0.73, 2.74]

Comparison 4. Vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 5. Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
5.1 Cardiovascular death Show forest plot	5	2590	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.06 [0.52, 2.19]

5.1.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	2276	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.08, 4.19]
5.1.2 CKD stage 5D	2	214	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.28 [0.58, 2.83]
5.1.3 Kidney transplant	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.00 [0.25, 101.58]
5.2 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	32	5061	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.80, 1.21]

5.2.1 CKD stages 3‐5	11	3175	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.84, 1.45]
5.2.2 CKD stage 5D	11	908	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.55, 1.31]
5.2.3 Kidney transplant	10	978	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.54, 1.35]
5.3 Cardiovascular disease Show forest plot	9	3110	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.56, 0.93]

5.3.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	2768	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.55, 0.96]
5.3.2 CKD stage 5D	2	181	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.34, 1.29]
5.3.3 Kidney transplant	2	161	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.00 [0.25, 101.58]
5.4 Coronary heart disease Show forest plot	6	2915	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.61, 1.48]

5.4.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	2701	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.63, 1.96]
5.4.2 CKD stage 5D	2	214	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.36, 1.50]
5.5 Heart failure Show forest plot	5	2740	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.55 [1.09, 2.20]

5.5.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	2740	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.55 [1.09, 2.20]
5.6 Cerebrovascular disease Show forest plot	3	314	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.16, 4.11]

5.6.1 CKD stage 5D	2	214	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.08, 4.79]
5.6.2 Kidney transplant	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.00 [0.13, 71.92]
5.7 Peripheral vascular disease Show forest plot	2	303	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.25, 1.35]

5.7.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	169	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.21 [0.01, 4.35]
5.7.2 CKD stage 5D	1	134	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.27, 1.52]
5.8 Kidney failure Show forest plot	9	3108	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.38, 0.96]

5.8.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	2931	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.35, 1.10]
5.8.2 Kidney transplant	1	177	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.26, 1.11]
5.9 eGFR at end of study Show forest plot	26	2048	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.71 [2.88, 6.54]

5.9.1 CKD stages 3‐5	18	1356	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.83 [2.75, 6.91]
5.9.3 Kidney transplant	8	692	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.55 [0.27, 8.83]
5.10 Change in eGFR Show forest plot	23	3877	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.98 [3.09, 4.87]

5.10.1 CKD stages 3‐5	22	3816	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	4.12 [3.21, 5.03]
5.10.3 Kidney transplant	1	61	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐1.25, 3.05]
5.11 Serum creatinine at end of study Show forest plot	19	1454	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐7.01 [‐17.44, 3.42]

5.11.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	501	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [‐13.92, 15.94]
5.11.3 Kidney transplant	11	953	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐15.59 [‐32.52, 1.34]
5.12 Change in serum creatinine Show forest plot	14	3109	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐16.32 [‐26.87, ‐5.78]

5.12.1 CKD stages 3‐5	10	2909	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐15.48 [‐26.84, ‐4.12]
5.12.3 Kidney transplant	4	200	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐31.39 [‐68.88, 6.09]
5.13 Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study Show forest plot	3	120	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐61.20 [‐152.33, 29.94]

5.13.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	120	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐61.20 [‐152.33, 29.94]
5.14 Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio Show forest plot	5	232	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.92 [‐7.59, 5.76]

5.14.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	232	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.92 [‐7.59, 5.76]
5.15 Proteinuria at end of study Show forest plot	9	536	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.78, 0.31]

5.15.1 CKD stages 3‐5	9	536	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.78, 0.31]
5.16 Change in proteinuria Show forest plot	8	468	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐1.11, 0.09]

5.16.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	468	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐1.11, 0.09]
5.17 Albuminuria at end of study Show forest plot	3	302	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	99.92 [‐10.95, 210.78]

5.17.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	302	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	99.92 [‐10.95, 210.78]
5.18 Change in albuminuria Show forest plot	3	302	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐111.27 [‐280.30, 57.75]

5.18.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	302	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐111.27 [‐280.30, 57.75]
5.19 Graft loss Show forest plot	10	991	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.68, 1.20]

5.19.1 Kidney transplant	10	991	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.68, 1.20]
5.20 Graft failure Show forest plot	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.95]

5.20.1 Kidney transplant	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.95]
5.21 Delayed graft function Show forest plot	9	713	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.75, 1.10]

5.21.1 Kidney transplant	9	713	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.75, 1.10]
5.22 Malignancy Show forest plot	2	311	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.06, 1.73]

5.22.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	227	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.05, 2.33]
5.22.2 CKD stage 5D	1	84	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.01, 7.59]
5.23 Major bleeding Show forest plot	4	211	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.27, 4.48]

5.23.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	96	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.07, 5.97]
5.23.2 CKD stage 5D	2	115	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.05 [0.33, 28.45]
5.24 Infection Show forest plot	9	3091	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.92, 1.62]

5.24.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	2741	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.46 [1.28, 1.66]
5.24.2 CKD stages 5D	1	71	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.07, 15.81]
5.24.3 Kidney transplant	3	279	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.78, 1.29]

Comparison 5. Non‐vitamin antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 6. Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
6.1 Cardiovascular death Show forest plot	2	230	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.27, 1.21]

6.1.1 CKD stage 5D	2	230	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.27, 1.21]
6.2 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	16	1592	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.66, 1.33]

6.2.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	498	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.11, 3.69]
6.2.2 CKD stage 5D	10	970	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.69, 1.44]
6.2.3 Kidney transplant	2	124	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.46 [0.11, 1.95]
6.3 Cardiovascular disease Show forest plot	6	808	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.61 [0.40, 0.91]

6.3.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	685	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.61 [0.40, 0.92]
6.3.2 CKD stage 5D	2	123	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.04, 6.49]
6.4 Coronary heart disease Show forest plot	6	818	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.21, 0.77]

6.4.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	513	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.24, 1.59]
6.4.2 CKD stage 5D	3	305	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.27 [0.11, 0.67]
6.5 Heart failure Show forest plot	3	435	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.39, 2.86]

6.5.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	435	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.39, 2.86]
6.6 Cerebrovascular disease Show forest plot	2	289	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.26, 2.25]

6.6.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	93	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.81]
6.6.2 CKD stage 5D	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.27, 2.70]
6.7 Peripheral vascular disease Show forest plot	2	365	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.35 [0.11, 1.15]

6.7.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	169	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.21 [0.01, 4.35]
6.7.2 CKD stage 5D	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.38 [0.10, 1.40]
6.8 Kidney failure Show forest plot	4	529	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.39, 2.37]

6.8.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	529	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.39, 2.37]
6.9 eGFR at end of study Show forest plot	11	831	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.24 [0.25, 6.22]

6.9.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	659	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.34 [‐0.10, 6.77]
6.9.3 Kidney transplant	3	172	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.69 [0.05, 3.33]
6.10 Change in eGFR Show forest plot	9	729	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.46 [2.32, 4.60]

6.10.1 CKD stages 3‐5	9	729	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.46 [2.32, 4.60]
6.11 Serum creatinine at end of study Show forest plot	4	240	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.98 [‐11.27, 7.32]

6.11.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.61 [‐13.12, 9.89]
6.11.3 Kidney transplant	2	136	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐14.96 [‐61.72, 31.80]
6.12 Change in serum creatinine Show forest plot	4	401	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐35.01 [‐68.93, ‐1.09]

6.12.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	327	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐18.84 [‐47.75, 10.08]
6.12.3 Kidney transplant	1	74	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐97.00 [‐137.94, ‐56.06]
6.13 Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study Show forest plot	2	78	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐111.94 [‐188.36, ‐35.53]

6.13.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	78	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐111.94 [‐188.36, ‐35.53]
6.14 Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio Show forest plot	3	115	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐37.54 [‐101.00, 25.92]

6.14.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	115	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐37.54 [‐101.00, 25.92]
6.15 Proteinuria at end of study Show forest plot	3	132	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐1.00, 0.39]

6.15.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	132	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐1.00, 0.39]
6.16 Change in proteinuria Show forest plot	3	132	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.80, 0.01]

6.16.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	132	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.80, 0.01]
6.17 Albuminuria at end of study Show forest plot	2	262	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐40.57 [‐274.19, 193.04]

6.17.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	262	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐40.57 [‐274.19, 193.04]
6.18 Change in albuminuria Show forest plot	2	262	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐172.03 [‐505.20, 161.15]

6.18.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	262	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐172.03 [‐505.20, 161.15]
6.19 Vascular access thrombosis Show forest plot	3	209	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.41, 2.84]

6.19.1 CKD stage 5D	3	209	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.41, 2.84]
6.20 Graft loss Show forest plot	3	198	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.19, 2.30]

6.20.1 Kidney transplant	3	198	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.19, 2.30]
6.21 Delayed graft function Show forest plot	3	172	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.77, 1.54]

6.21.1 Kidney transplant	3	172	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.77, 1.54]
6.22 Malignancy Show forest plot	2	423	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.07, 15.39]

6.22.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	227	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.05, 2.33]
6.22.2 CKD stage 5D	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.10 [0.25, 104.92]
6.23 Major bleeding Show forest plot	3	288	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.18, 8.34]

6.23.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	40	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.27 [0.03, 2.40]
6.23.2 CKD stage 5D	2	248	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.96 [0.45, 35.12]
6.24 Infection Show forest plot	5	728	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.32 [0.70, 2.48]

6.24.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	436	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.28 [0.48, 3.40]
6.24.2 CKD stage 5D	2	292	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.59, 3.09]

Comparison 6. Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: low risk of bias

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

Comparison 7. Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
7.1 Cardiovascular death Show forest plot	6	3633	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.57, 1.36]

7.1.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	3269	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.46, 1.74]
7.1.2 CKD stages 5D	3	364	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.42, 1.46]
7.2 Death (any cause) Show forest plot	23	5866	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.83, 1.14]

7.2.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	3860	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.82, 1.20]
7.2.2 CKD stage 5D	7	1151	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.74, 1.39]
7.2.3 Kidney transplant	8	855	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.51, 1.28]
7.3 Cardiovascular disease Show forest plot	12	4446	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.58, 0.98]

7.3.1 CKD stages 3‐5	7	3997	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.57, 1.00]
7.3.2 CKD stage 5D	4	388	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.33, 2.03]
7.3.3 Kidney transplant	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable
7.4 Coronary heart disease Show forest plot	9	4073	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.57, 1.13]

7.4.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	3667	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.75, 1.24]
7.4.2 CKD stage 5D	4	406	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.25, 1.22]
7.5 Heart failure Show forest plot	5	3613	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.40 [1.11, 1.76]

7.5.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	3613	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.40 [1.11, 1.76]
7.6 Cerebrovascular disease Show forest plot	6	1588	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.69, 1.29]

7.6.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1147	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.71, 1.38]
7.6.2 CKD stage 5D	3	441	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.25, 2.02]
7.7 Peripheral vascular disease Show forest plot	4	1492	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.41, 1.47]

7.7.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	1162	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.34, 2.90]
7.7.2 CKD stage 5D	2	330	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.26, 1.12]
7.8 Kidney failure Show forest plot	9	3117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.53, 1.09]

7.8.1 CKD stages 3‐5	8	2940	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.55, 1.25]
7.8.2 Kidney transplant	1	177	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.26, 1.11]
7.9 eGFR at end of study Show forest plot	20	1751	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.48 [1.09, 5.87]

7.9.1 CKD stages 3‐5	15	1239	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.42 [0.83, 6.01]
7.9.2 Kidney transplant	5	512	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.16 [‐10.20, 14.52]
7.10 Change in eGFR Show forest plot	18	3496	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.71 [2.77, 4.65]

7.10.1 CKD stages 3‐5	16	3425	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.82 [2.85, 4.78]
7.10.2 Kidney transplant	2	71	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.97 [‐4.18, 12.13]
7.11 Serum creatinine at end of study Show forest plot	11	1027	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.11 [‐21.23, 9.01]

7.11.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	326	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.27 [‐32.00, 19.46]
7.11.2 Kidney transplant	7	701	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.86 [‐24.78, 13.07]
7.12 Change in serum creatinine Show forest plot	9	2847	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐16.21 [‐26.43, ‐6.00]

7.12.1 CKD stages 3‐5	6	2734	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐27.38 [‐37.80, ‐16.96]
7.12.2 Kidney transplant	3	113	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	7.86 [‐2.78, 18.50]
7.13 Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at end of study Show forest plot	3	1119	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.63 [‐29.36, 24.11]

7.13.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1119	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.63 [‐29.36, 24.11]
7.14 Change in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio Show forest plot	3	1086	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.35 [‐16.76, 17.45]

7.14.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	1086	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.35 [‐16.76, 17.45]
7.15 Proteinuria at end of study Show forest plot	5	233	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.95 [‐1.88, ‐0.02]

7.15.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	233	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.95 [‐1.88, ‐0.02]
7.16 Change in proteinuria Show forest plot	4	209	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.65 [‐3.26, ‐0.03]

7.16.1 CKD stages 3‐5	4	209	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.65 [‐3.26, ‐0.03]
7.17 Albuminuria at end of study Show forest plot	3	353	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.78 [‐151.55, 145.99]

7.17.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	353	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.78 [‐151.55, 145.99]
7.18 Change in albuminuria Show forest plot	3	353	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐88.37 [‐319.83, 143.09]

7.18.1 CKD stages 3‐5	3	353	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐88.37 [‐319.83, 143.09]
7.19 Vascular access thrombosis Show forest plot	1	34	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.28, 1.81]

7.19.1 CKD stage 5D	1	34	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.28, 1.81]
7.20 Graft loss Show forest plot	7	794	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.66, 1.16]

7.20.1 Kidney transplant	7	794	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.66, 1.16]
7.21 Graft failure Show forest plot	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.95]

7.21.1 Kidney transplant	1	61	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 12.95]
7.22 Delayed graft function Show forest plot	5	571	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.69, 1.07]

7.22.1 Kidney transplant	5	571	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.69, 1.07]
7.23 Malignancy Show forest plot	2	423	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.07, 15.39]

7.23.1 CKD stages 3‐5	1	227	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.05, 2.33]
7.23.2 CKD stage 5D	1	196	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	5.10 [0.25, 104.92]
7.24 Major bleeding Show forest plot	5	397	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.35, 2.95]

7.24.1 CKD stages 3‐5	2	96	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.07, 5.97]
7.24.2 CKD stages 5D	3	301	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.36, 5.24]
7.25 Infection Show forest plot	9	3268	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.45 [1.28, 1.65]

7.25.1 CKD stages 3‐5	5	2682	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.46 [1.28, 1.67]
7.25.2 CKD stage 5D	3	449	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.69, 2.74]
7.25.3 Kidney transplant	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.45, 2.70]

Comparison 7. Antioxidants versus placebo or standard therapy: follow‐up for 6 months or more

Ir a la tabla de la revisión

The Cochrane Library

Scolaris Language Selector Scolaris Language Selector

Idioma de la Revisión Cochrane

Idioma de la web

Scolaris Content Language Banner Portlet Scolaris Content Language Banner Portlet

Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Temas

Scolaris Language Selector Scolaris Language Selector

Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Instituciones a las que se accedió previamente

Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Usuarios institucionales

Instituciones a las que se accedió previamente

Otras opciones de acceso

	Idioma de la Revisión Cochrane Escoja su idioma de preferencia para las revisiones Cochrane y otros contenidos. Las secciones sin una traducción aparecerán en inglés.

	Idioma de la web Escoja su idioma de preferencia para la web de la Biblioteca Cochrane.

Idioma de la Revisión Cochrane

Idioma de la web

Contenido relacionado

Revisiones y protocolos relacionados

Podcast relacionado

Temas

Copiar o descargar referencia

Idioma de la Revisión Cochrane

Idioma de la web

Instituciones a las que se accedió previamente

Usuarios institucionales

Instituciones a las que se accedió previamente

Otras opciones de acceso