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Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality.

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 2 Bacterial sepsis, one or more episodes.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 2 Bacterial sepsis, one or more episodes.

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 3 Caloric intake, kcal/kg/day.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 3 Caloric intake, kcal/kg/day.

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 4 Weight gain (g/kg/day).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 4 Weight gain (g/kg/day).

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 5 Mechanical ventilation (days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction, Outcome 5 Mechanical ventilation (days).

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality.

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 2 Severe IVH (grade 3 or 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 2 Severe IVH (grade 3 or 4).

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 3 ROP any stage.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 3 ROP any stage.

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 4 ROP requiring treatment.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 4 ROP requiring treatment.

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 5 Bacterial sepsis.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 5 Bacterial sepsis.

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 6 Fungal sepsis.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 6 Fungal sepsis.

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 7 Prolonged hyperglycemia (> 24 hours).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 7 Prolonged hyperglycemia (> 24 hours).

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 8 Treatment failure (need for alternative treatment).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.8

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 8 Treatment failure (need for alternative treatment).

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 9 Hypoglycemia (one or more episodes).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.9

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 9 Hypoglycemia (one or more episodes).

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 10 Energy intake (days to reach 60 kcal/kg/day).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.10

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 10 Energy intake (days to reach 60 kcal/kg/day).

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 11 NEC.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.11

Comparison 3 Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction, Outcome 11 NEC.

Comparison 2. Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 All‐cause mortality Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.64 [0.33, 8.03]

1.1 Death before discharge

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.64 [0.33, 8.03]

2 Bacterial sepsis, one or more episodes Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.61 [0.29, 1.25]

3 Caloric intake, kcal/kg/day Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Non‐protein energy intake (kcal/kg/day)

1

23

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

38.7 [27.53, 49.87]

3.2 Glucose infusion rate (mg/kg/min)

1

23

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.90 [4.56, 9.24]

4 Weight gain (g/kg/day) Show forest plot

1

23

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

12.3 [4.59, 20.01]

5 Mechanical ventilation (days) Show forest plot

1

23

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.0 [‐10.42, 18.42]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Insulin infusion versus No glucose reduction
Comparison 3. Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 All‐cause mortality Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [0.12, 61.65]

1.1 Death, to latest follow‐up

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [0.12, 61.65]

2 Severe IVH (grade 3 or 4) Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.71 [0.33, 22.51]

2.1 BW 500‐749g

1

10

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.14 [0.11, 42.52]

2.2 BW 750‐999g

1

13

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.43 [0.16, 71.36]

3 ROP any stage Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.49 [0.95, 2.33]

3.1 BW 500‐749g

1

10

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.33 [0.72, 2.44]

3.2 BW 750‐999g

1

13

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.65 [0.87, 3.15]

4 ROP requiring treatment Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.59 [0.16, 2.21]

4.1 BW 500‐749g

1

10

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.22 [0.03, 1.45]

4.2 BW 750‐999g

1

13

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.43 [0.16, 71.36]

5 Bacterial sepsis Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.46 [0.10, 2.03]

6 Fungal sepsis Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.01, 3.47]

7 Prolonged hyperglycemia (> 24 hours) Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8 Treatment failure (need for alternative treatment) Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.01, 3.47]

9 Hypoglycemia (one or more episodes) Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.06, 12.95]

10 Energy intake (days to reach 60 kcal/kg/day) Show forest plot

1

23

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.10 [‐5.91, ‐0.29]

11 NEC Show forest plot

1

23

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.01, 6.85]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Insulin infusion versus Glucose reduction