This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

We will assess the benefits and harms of an FIO₂ equal to or higher than 60% compared with a control FIO₂ of 40% or below in the perioperative setting.

We will look at various outcomes, conduct subgroup and sensitivity analyses, examine the role of bias and apply trial sequential analyses (TSA) (Brok 2008; Brok 2009; Thorlund 2009; Wetterslev 2008) to examine the level of evidence for this intervention.