Appendix 1. Main database search strategies for current update
CENTRAL (CRSO)
#1 MESH DESCRIPTOR pain EXPLODE ALL TREES 32731
#2 (((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*)):TI,AB,KY 15073
#3 ((sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*))):TI,AB,KY 6757
#4 #1 OR #2 OR #3 45871
#5 MESH DESCRIPTOR Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 974
#6 MESH DESCRIPTOR Electronarcosis 33
#7 (((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*)):TI,AB,KY 4072
#8 (((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*))):TI,AB,KY 64
#9 (((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*)):TI,AB,KY 337
#10 ((theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS)):TI,AB,KY 150
#11 ((transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy)):TI,AB,KY 2912
#12 ((electrosleep or electronarco*)):TI,AB,KY 47
#13 #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 4355
#14 #4 AND #13 310
#15 31/07/2013 TO 30/09/2016:DL 264060
#16 #14 AND #15 176
MEDLINE (OVID)
1 exp Pain/ (283010)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).tw. (74023)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).tw. (28679)
4 or/1-3 (325946)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (6328)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (25872)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).tw. (147)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (822)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).tw. (575)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).tw. (7423)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).tw. (357)
12 or/5-11 (28316)
13 randomized controlled trial.pt. (337806)
14 controlled clinical trial.pt. (84996)
15 randomized.ab. (241501)
16 placebo.ab. (134421)
17 drug therapy.fs. (1571905)
18 randomly.ab. (173459)
19 trial.ab. (248492)
20 groups.ab. (1134392)
21 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 (2928552)
22 exp animals/ not humans.sh. (3751730)
23 21 not 22 (2487755)
24 4 and 12 and 23 (295)
25 (200911* or 200912* or 2010* or 2011* or 2012* or 2013*).ed. (2428299)
26 24 and 25 (112)
Embase (OVID)
1 exp Pain/ (1006798)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).tw. (158849)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).tw. (52041)
4 or/1-3 (1044575)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (18453)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (50617)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).tw. (237)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (2843)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).tw. (1549)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).tw. (17745)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).tw. (383)
12 or/5-11 (57298)
13 random$.tw. (1121981)
14 factorial$.tw. (28563)
15 crossover$.tw. (58949)
16 cross over$.tw. (26241)
17 cross-over$.tw. (26241)
18 placebo$.tw. (244121)
19 (doubl$ adj blind$).tw. (172110)
20 (singl$ adj blind$).tw. (18218)
21 assign$.tw. (295873)
22 allocat$.tw. (107828)
23 volunteer$.tw. (211373)
24 Crossover Procedure/ (48595)
25 double-blind procedure.tw. (236)
26 Randomized Controlled Trial/ (419274)
27 Single Blind Procedure/ (23071)
28 or/13-27 (1749640)
29 (animal/ or nonhuman/) not human/ (5110486)
30 28 not 29 (1554658)
31 4 and 12 and 30 (1112)
32 (201307* or 201308* or 201309* or 201310* or 201311* or 201312* or 2014* or 2015* or 2016*).dd. (5443542)
33 31 and 32 (527)
34 limit 33 to embase (487)
PsycINFO (OVID)
1 exp Pain/ (48364)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).tw. (25922)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).tw. (4998)
4 or/1-3 (56650)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (5956)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (17936)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).tw. (89)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (983)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).tw. (791)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).tw. (7884)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).tw. (139)
12 or/5-11 (18853)
13 clinical trials/ (9724)
14 (randomis* or randomiz*).tw. (62274)
15 (random$ adj3 (allocat$ or assign$)).tw. (35100)
16 ((clinic$ or control$) adj trial$).tw. (52603)
17 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj3 (blind$ or mask$)).tw. (22429)
18 (crossover$ or "cross over$").tw. (8346)
19 random sampling/ (699)
20 Experiment Controls/ (856)
21 Placebo/ (4606)
22 placebo$.tw. (35030)
23 exp program evaluation/ (18184)
24 treatment effectiveness evaluation/ (20144)
25 ((effectiveness or evaluat$) adj3 (stud$ or research$)).tw. (70971)
26 or/13-25 (221762)
27 4 and 12 and 26 (180)
28 limit 27 to yr="2013 -Current" (82)
CINAHL (EBSCO)
S26 S25 Limiters - Published Date from: 20130701-20160914
S25 S15 AND S24
S24 S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23
S23 (allocat* random*)
S22 (MH "Quantitative Studies")
S21 (MH "Placebos")
S20 placebo*
S19 (random* allocat*)
S18 (MH "Random Assignment")
S17 (Randomi?ed control* trial*)
S16 (singl* blind* ) or (doubl* blind* ) or (tripl* blind* ) or (trebl* blind* ) or (trebl* mask* ) or (tripl* mask* ) or (doubl* mask* ) or (singl* mask* )
S15 S4 AND S14
S14 S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13
S13 TI ( (electrosleep OR electronarco*) ) OR AB ( (electrosleep OR electronarco*) )
S12 TI ( ("transcranial magnetic stimulation" OR rTMS OR "transcranial direct current stimulation" OR tDCS OR "cranial electrostimulation" OR "cranial electrotherapy") ) OR AB ( ("transcranial magnetic stimulation" OR rTMS OR "transcranial direct current stimulation" OR tDCS OR "cranial electrostimulation" OR "cranial electrotherapy") )
S11 TI ( ("theta burst stimulat*" OR iTBS OR cTBS) ) OR AB ( ("theta burst stimulat*" OR iTBS OR cTBS) )
S10 TI ( (("non-invasive brain" OR "non*invasive brain") AND stimulat*) ) OR AB ( (("non-invasive brain" OR "non*invasive brain") AND stimulat*) )
S9 TI ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) ) OR AB ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) )
S8 TI ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) ) OR AB ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) )
S7 TI ( ((brain* OR cortex OR cortical OR transcranial* OR cranial OR magneti*) AND stimulat*) ) OR AB ( ((brain* OR cortex OR cortical OR transcranial* OR cranial OR magneti*) AND stimulat*) )
S6 (MH "Electric Stimulation")
S5 (MH "Electronarcosis")
S4 S1 OR S2 OR S3
S3 TI ( (sciatica OR back-ache OR back*ache OR lumbago OR fibromyalg* OR "trigemin* neuralg*" OR "herp* neuralg*" OR "diabet* neuropath*" OR "reflex dystroph*" OR "sudeck* atroph*" OR causalg* OR whip-lash OR whip*lash OR polymyalg* OR "failed back surg*" OR "failed back syndrome*") ) OR AB ( (sciatica OR back-ache OR back*ache OR lumbago OR fibromyalg* OR "trigemin* neuralg*" OR "herp* neuralg*" OR "diabet* neuropath*" OR "reflex dystroph*" OR "sudeck* atroph*" OR causalg* OR whip-lash OR whip*lash OR polymyalg* OR "failed back surg*" OR "failed back syndrome*") )
S2 TI ( ((chronic* OR back OR musculoskel* OR intractabl* OR neuropath* OR phantom limb OR fantom limb OR neck OR myofasc* OR "temporomandib* joint*" OR "temperomandib* joint*" OR "tempromandib* joint*" OR central OR post*stroke OR complex OR regional OR spinal cord) AND pain*). ) OR AB ( ((chronic* OR back OR musculoskel* OR intractabl* OR neuropath* OR phantom limb OR fantom limb OR neck OR myofasc* OR "temporomandib* joint*" OR "temperomandib* joint*" OR "tempromandib* joint*" OR central OR post*stroke OR complex OR regional OR spinal cord) AND pain*))
S1 (MH "Pain+")
LILACS
1. Pain$ or dolor$ or intractabl$ or neuropath$ or phantom or fantom or myofasc$ or temp$romandibular or sciatic$ or back-ache or backache or ache or lumbago or fibromyalg$ or neuralg$ or dystroph$ or atroph$ or causalgi$ or whip-lash or whiplash or polymyalg$ [Words]¬
2. ((Estimulaci$ or stimulat$) and (cerebra$ or brain$ or cortex or cortical or crania$ or transcranial$ or magneti$)) or electrostim$ or electrotherapy$ or electro-therap$ or “theta burst stimul$” or iTBS or Ctbs or “transcrani$ magnet$ stimulat$” or rTMS or “transcrani$ direct current stimulat$” or tDCS or “cranial electrostimulat$” or “cranial electrotherapy$ or electrosleep or electronarco$ [Words]¬
3. ((Pt randomized controlled trial OR Pt controlled clinical trial OR Mh randomized controlled trials OR Mh random allocation OR Mh double-blind method OR Mh single-blind method) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal)) OR (Pt clinical trial OR Ex E05.318.760.535$ OR (Tw clin$ AND (Tw trial$ OR Tw ensa$ OR Tw estud$ OR Tw experim$ OR Tw investiga$)) OR ((Tw singl$ OR Tw simple$ OR Tw doubl$ OR Tw doble$ OR Tw duplo$ OR Tw trebl$ OR Tw trip$) AND (Tw blind$ OR Tw cego$ OR Tw ciego$ OR Tw mask$ OR Tw mascar$)) OR Mh placebos OR Tw placebo$ OR (Tw random$ OR Tw randon$ OR Tw casual$ OR Tw acaso$ OR Tw azar OR Tw aleator$) OR Mh research design) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal)) OR (Ct comparative study OR Ex E05.337$ OR Mh follow-up studies OR Mh prospective studies OR Tw control$ OR Tw prospectiv$ OR Tw volunt$ OR Tw volunteer$) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal))) [Words]
Appendix 4. Main database search strategies for 2014 update
CENTRAL (years 2009 to 2013 searched)
#1 MeSH descriptor: [Pain] explode all trees
#2 (chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint" or "temperomandib* joint" or "tempromandib* joint" or central or (post next stroke) or complex or regional or "spinal cord") near/4 pain*:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* near/2 neuralg*) or (herp* near/2 neuralg*) or (diabet* near/2 neuropath*) or (reflex near/4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* near/2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back near/4 surg*) or (failed back near/4 syndrome*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#4 #1 or #2 or #3
#5 MeSH descriptor: [Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation] this term only
#6 MeSH descriptor: [Electronarcosis] explode all trees
#7 (brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) near/4 stimulat*:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#8 (transcrani* or crani* or brain*) near/4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#9 (non-invasive or non*invasive) near/4 stimulat*:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#10 "theta burst stimulat*" or iTBS or cTBS:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#11 "transcranial magnetic stimulation" or rTMS or "transcranial direct current stimulat*" or tDCS or "cranial electrostimulation" or "cranial electrotherap*":ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#12 (electrosleep* or electronarco*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#13 #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12
#14 #4 and #13 from 2009 to 2013
MEDLINE and MEDLINE IN PROCESS (OVID)
1 exp Pain/ (283010)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).tw. (74023)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).tw. (28679)
4 or/1-3 (325946)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (6328)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (25872)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).tw. (147)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (822)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).tw. (575)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).tw. (7423)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).tw. (357)
12 or/5-11 (28316)
13 randomized controlled trial.pt. (337806)
14 controlled clinical trial.pt. (84996)
15 randomized.ab. (241501)
16 placebo.ab. (134421)
17 drug therapy.fs. (1571905)
18 randomly.ab. (173459)
19 trial.ab. (248492)
20 groups.ab. (1134392)
21 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 (2928552)
22 exp animals/ not humans.sh. (3751730)
23 21 not 22 (2487755)
24 4 and 12 and 23 (295)
25 (200911* or 200912* or 2010* or 2011* or 2012* or 2013*).ed. (2428299)
26 24 and 25 (112)
Embase (OVID)
1 exp Pain/ (729490)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).tw. (112128)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).tw. (41462)
4 or/1-3 (759765)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (11875)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (35587)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).tw. (194)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (1314)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).tw. (770)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).tw. (10413)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).tw. (375)
12 or/5-11 (39959)
13 4 and 12 (3078)
14 random$.tw. (793677)
15 factorial$.tw. (20700)
16 crossover$.tw. (46383)
17 cross over$.tw. (21096)
18 cross-over$.tw. (21096)
19 placebo$.tw. (189884)
20 (doubl$ adj blind$).tw. (140353)
21 (singl$ adj blind$).tw. (13272)
22 assign$.tw. (220119)
23 allocat$.tw. (74677)
24 volunteer$.tw. (170305)
25 Crossover Procedure/ (36109)
26 double-blind procedure.tw. (224)
27 Randomized Controlled Trial/ (338884)
28 Single Blind Procedure/ (16955)
29 or/14-28 (1300700)
30 (animal/ or nonhuman/) not human/ (4566449)
31 29 not 30 (1146950)
32 13 and 31 (574)
33 (200911* or 200912* or 2010* or 2011* or 2012* or 2013*).dd. (4384183)
34 32 and 33 (303)
PsycINFO (OVID)
1 exp Pain/ (33859)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).tw. (17914)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).tw. (3654)
4 or/1-3 (39372)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (3412)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (9508)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).tw. (55)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).tw. (401)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).tw. (441)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).tw. (4745)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).tw. (6)
12 or/5-11 (9914)
13 4 and 12 (481)
14 clinical trials/ (6486)
15 (randomis* or randomiz*).tw. (39676)
16 (random$ adj3 (allocat$ or assign$)).tw. (22629)
17 ((clinic$ or control$) adj trial$).tw. (33763)
18 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj3 (blind$ or mask$)).tw. (15332)
19 (crossover$ or "cross over$").tw. (5478)
20 random sampling/ (445)
21 Experiment Controls/ (435)
22 Placebo/ (2892)
23 placebo$.tw. (23869)
24 exp program evaluation/ (12521)
25 treatment effectiveness evaluation/ (11860)
26 ((effectiveness or evaluat$) adj3 (stud$ or research$)).tw. (45199)
27 or/14-26 (142131)
28 13 and 27 (95)
29 limit 28 to yr="2009 -Current" (60)
CINAHL (EBSCO)
S26 S25 Limiters - Published Date from: 20091101-20130231
S25 S15 AND S24
S24 S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23
S23 (allocat* random*)
S22 (MH "Quantitative Studies")
S21 (MH "Placebos")
S20 placebo*
S19 (random* allocat*)
S18 (MH "Random Assignment")
S17 (Randomi?ed control* trial*)
S16 (singl* blind* ) or (doubl* blind* ) or (tripl* blind* ) or (trebl* blind* ) or (trebl* mask* ) or (tripl* mask* ) or (doubl* mask* ) or (singl* mask* )
S15 S4 AND S14
S14 S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13
S13 TI ( (electrosleep OR electronarco*) ) OR AB ( (electrosleep OR electronarco*) )
S12 TI ( ("transcranial magnetic stimulation" OR rTMS OR "transcranial direct current stimulation" OR tDCS OR "cranial electrostimulation" OR "cranial electrotherapy") ) OR AB ( ("transcranial magnetic stimulation" OR rTMS OR "transcranial direct current stimulation" OR tDCS OR "cranial electrostimulation" OR "cranial electrotherapy") )
S11 TI ( ("theta burst stimulat*" OR iTBS OR cTBS) ) OR AB ( ("theta burst stimulat*" OR iTBS OR cTBS) )
S10 TI ( (("non-invasive brain" OR "non*invasive brain") AND stimulat*) ) OR AB ( (("non-invasive brain" OR "non*invasive brain") AND stimulat*) )
S9 TI ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) ) OR AB ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) )
S8 TI ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) ) OR AB ( ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)) )
S7 TI ( ((brain* OR cortex OR cortical OR transcranial* OR cranial OR magneti*) AND stimulat*) ) OR AB ( ((brain* OR cortex OR cortical OR transcranial* OR cranial OR magneti*) AND stimulat*) )
S6 (MH "Electric Stimulation")
S5 (MH "Electronarcosis")
S4 S1 OR S2 OR S3
S3 TI ( (sciatica OR back-ache OR back*ache OR lumbago OR fibromyalg* OR "trigemin* neuralg*" OR "herp* neuralg*" OR "diabet* neuropath*" OR "reflex dystroph*" OR "sudeck* atroph*" OR causalg* OR whip-lash OR whip*lash OR polymyalg* OR "failed back surg*" OR "failed back syndrome*") ) OR AB ( (sciatica OR back-ache OR back*ache OR lumbago OR fibromyalg* OR "trigemin* neuralg*" OR "herp* neuralg*" OR "diabet* neuropath*" OR "reflex dystroph*" OR "sudeck* atroph*" OR causalg* OR whip-lash OR whip*lash OR polymyalg* OR "failed back surg*" OR "failed back syndrome*") )
S2 TI ( ((chronic* OR back OR musculoskel* OR intractabl* OR neuropath* OR phantom limb OR fantom limb OR neck OR myofasc* OR "temporomandib* joint*" OR "temperomandib* joint*" OR "tempromandib* joint*" OR central OR post*stroke OR complex OR regional OR spinal cord) AND pain*). ) OR AB ( ((chronic* OR back OR musculoskel* OR intractabl* OR neuropath* OR phantom limb OR fantom limb OR neck OR myofasc* OR "temporomandib* joint*" OR "temperomandib* joint*" OR "tempromandib* joint*" OR central OR post*stroke OR complex OR regional OR spinal cord) AND pain*))
S1 (MH "Pain+")
LILACS (7 February 2013)
1. (chronic$ or back or musculoskel$ or intractabl$ or neuropath$ or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc$ or temporomandib$ or temperomandib$ or tempromandib$ or central or (post stroke) or complex or regional or spinal cord sciatica or back-ache or back ache or lumbago or fibromyalg$ or trigemin$ neuralg$ or herp$ neuralg$ or diabet$ neuropath$ or reflex dystroph$ or sudeck$ atrophy$ or causalg$ or whip-lash or whip$lash or polymyalg$ or failed back) 69863
2. (brain$ or cortex or cortical or transcrani$ or cranial or magneti$ stimulat$ or electrostim$ or electro-stim$ or electrotherapy$ or electro-therap$ or non-invasive or non invasive or stimul$ or theta burst stimulat$ or iTBS or cTBS or transcranial magnetic stimulat$ or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulat$ or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy$ or electrosleep$ or electronarco$) 24787
3. 1&2 5559
4. (randomized controlled trial or controlled clinical trial or placebo or sham or randomly or trial or groups) 31227
5. 3&4 545
6. REMOVE ANY PRE 2009 (removed 292) 253
Appendix 7. Full list of searches and results for 2009 version of review
1. Cochrane PaPaS Group Specialised Register, saved search: 177 results
“electric* stimulat* therap*” or “brain* stimulat*” or “cort* stimulat*” or “transcranial* stimulat*” or “cranial stimulat*” or “magneti* stimulat*” or “direct current stimulat*” or “electric* stimulat*” or electrostim* or electrotherapy* or electro-therap* or “theta burst stimulat*” or “transcran* magnet* stimulat*” or iTBS or cTBS or rTMS or “transcran* direct current stimulat*” or tDCS or electrosleep or electronarco*
2. CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library
#1 | MeSH descriptor Pain explode all trees | 25049 |
#2 | (chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint" or "temperomandib* joint" or "tempromandib* joint" or central or (post NEXT stroke) or complex or regional or "spinal cord") near/4 pain*:ti,ab,kw | 7785 |
#3 | (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* near/2 neuralg*) or (herp* near/2 neuralg*) or (diabet* near/2 neuropath*) or (reflex near/4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* near/2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back near/4 surg*) or (failed back near/4 syndrome*)):ti,ab,kw | 3040 |
#4 | (#1 OR #2 OR #3) | 30353 |
#5 | MeSH descriptor Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation explode all trees | 328 |
#6 | MeSH descriptor Electronarcosis explode all trees | 34 |
#7 | (brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) near/4 stimulat*:ti,ab,kw | 1388 |
#8 | (transcrani* or crani* or brain*) near/4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*):ti,ab,kw | 45 |
#9 | (non-invasive or non*invasive) near/4 stimulat*:ti,ab,kw | 55 |
#10 | "theta burst stimulat*" or iTBS or cTBS:ti,ab,kw | 9 |
#11 | "transcranial magnetic stimulation" or rTMS or "transcranial direct current stimulat*" or tDCS or "cranial electrostimulation" or "cranial electrotherap*":ti,ab,kw | 747 |
#12 | (electrosleep* or electronarco*):ti,ab,kw | 45 |
#13 | (#5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12) | 1505 |
#14 | (#4 AND #13) | 106 |
3a. MEDLINE
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1950 to November Week 3 2009>
1 exp Pain/ (252061)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).ab,ti. (61945)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).ab,ti. (25802)
4 1 or 3 or 2 (288507)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (4240)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (21248)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).ab,ti. (116)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (526)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).ab,ti. (359)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).ab,ti. (5306)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).ab,ti. (357)
12 8 or 6 or 11 or 7 or 10 or 9 or 5 (23212)
13 4 and 12 (1069)
14 randomised controlled trial.pt. (291031)
15 controlled clinical trial.pt. (82962)
16 randomized.ab. (196258)
17 (placebo or sham).ab,ti. (164609)
18 drug therapy.fs. (1385685)
19 randomly.ab. (141449)
20 trial.ab. (203139)
21 groups.ab. (961704)
22 or/14-21 (2562312)
23 exp animals/ not humans.sh. (3518581)
24 22 not 23 (2157467)
25 24 and 13 (219)
3b. Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-process & Other non-indexed citations
<25 November 2009>
1 exp Pain/ (6)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).ab,ti. (4772)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).ab,ti. (1251)
4 1 or 3 or 2 (5661)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (0)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (1057)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).ab,ti. (5)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (42)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).ab,ti. (38)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).ab,ti. (375)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).ab,ti. (0)
12 8 or 6 or 11 or 7 or 10 or 9 or 5 (1113)
13 4 and 12 (39)
4. Database: Embase
<1980 to 2009 Week 47>
1 exp Pain/ (394924)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or "temporomandib* joint*" or "temperomandib* joint*" or "tempromandib* joint*" or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).ab,ti. (57196)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).ab,ti. (21356)
4 1 or 3 or 2 (410258)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electronarcosis/ (5841)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (18227)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).ab,ti. (74)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (498)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).ab,ti. (330)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).ab,ti. (5259)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).ab,ti. (20)
12 8 or 6 or 11 or 7 or 10 or 9 or 5 (19954)
13 4 and 12 (1331)
14 random*.ti,ab. (415216)
15 factorial*.ti,ab. (8708)
16 (crossover* or cross over* or cross-over*).ti,ab. (40788)
17 placebo*.ti,ab. (114266)
18 (doubl* adj blind*).ti,ab. (87525)
19 (singl* adj blind*).ti,ab. (7775)
20 assign*.ti,ab. (113729)
21 allocat*.ti,ab. (36179)
22 volunteer*.ti,ab. (102464)
23 CROSSOVER PROCEDURE.sh. (21985)
24 DOUBLE-BLIND PROCEDURE.sh. (74829)
25 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.sh. (176320)
26 SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE.sh. (8721)
27 or/14-26 (691134)
28 ANIMAL/ or NONHUMAN/ or ANIMAL EXPERIMENT/ (3551150)
29 HUMAN/ (6702208)
30 28 and 29 (569432)
31 28 not 30 (2981718)
32 27 not 31 (601828)
33 32 and 13 (234)
5. Database: PsycINFO
<1806 to November Week 4 2009>
1 exp Pain/ (26560)
2 ((chronic* or back or musculoskel* or intractabl* or neuropath* or phantom limb or fantom limb or neck or myofasc* or temp?romandib* joint or central or post*stroke or complex or regional or spinal cord) adj4 pain*).ab,ti. (14094)
3 (sciatica or back-ache or back*ache or lumbago or fibromyalg* or (trigemin* adj2 neuralg*) or (herp* adj2 neuralg*) or (diabet* adj2 neuropath*) or (reflex adj4 dystroph*) or (sudeck* adj2 atroph*) or causalg* or whip-lash or whip*lash or polymyalg* or (failed back adj4 surg*) or (failed back adj4 syndrome*)).ab,ti. (2649)
4 1 or 3 or 2 (30822)
5 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/ or Electrosleep treatment/ (1830)
6 ((brain* or cortex or cortical or transcranial* or cranial or magneti*) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (7832)
7 ((transcrani* or crani* or brain*) adj4 (electrostim* or electro-stim* or electrotherap* or electro-therap*)).ab,ti. (47)
8 ((non-invasive or non*invasive) adj4 stimulat*).ab,ti. (144)
9 (theta burst stimulat* or iTBS or cTBS).ab,ti. (259)
10 (transcranial magnetic stimulation or rTMS or transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS or cranial electrostimulation or cranial electrotherapy).ab,ti. (2652)
11 (electrosleep or electronarco*).ab,ti. (140)
12 8 or 6 or 11 or 7 or 10 or 9 or 5 (8307)
13 4 and 12 (277)
14 (random* or placebo* or sham or trial or groups).ti,ab. (391590)
15 13 and 14 (64)
6. CINAHL
<Search run 11 January 2010>
1 | exp PAIN/ | 64959 |
2 | ((chronic* OR back OR musculoskel* OR intractabl* OR neuropath* OR phantom limb OR fantom limb OR neck OR myofasc* OR "temporomandib* joint*" OR "temperomandib* joint*" OR "tempromandib* joint*" OR central OR post*stroke OR complex OR regional OR spinal cord) AND pain*).ti,ab | 25127 |
3 | (sciatica OR back-ache OR back*ache OR lumbago OR fibromyalg* OR "trigemin* neuralg*" OR "herp* neuralg*" OR "diabet* neuropath*" OR "reflex dystroph*" OR "sudeck* atroph*" OR causalg* OR whip-lash OR whip*lash OR polymyalg* OR "failed back surg*" OR "failed back syndrome*").ti,ab | 4111 |
4 | 1 OR 2 OR 3 | 75018 |
5 | ELECTRONARCOSIS/ | 1 |
6 | ELECTRIC STIMULATION/ | 3829 |
7 | ((brain* OR cortex OR cortical OR transcranial* OR cranial OR "magneti*) AND stimulat*).ti,ab | 545 |
8 | ((transcrani* OR crani* OR brain*) AND (electrostim* OR electro-stim* OR electrotherap* OR electro-therap*)).ti,ab | 26 |
9 | (("non-invasive brain" OR "non*invasive brain") AND stimulat*).ti,ab | 12 |
10 | ("theta burst stimulat*" OR iTBS OR cTBS).ti,ab | 16 |
11 | ("transcranial magnetic stimulation" OR rTMS OR "transcranial direct current stimulation" OR tDCS OR "cranial electrostimulation" OR "cranial electrotherapy").ti,ab | 437 |
12 | (electrosleep OR electronarco*).ti,ab | 1 |
13 | 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 | 4387 |
14 | 4 AND 13 | 836 |
15 | exp CLINICAL TRIALS/ | 79642 |
16 | (clinical AND trial*).af | 148411 |
17 | ((singl* OR doubl* OR trebl* OR tripl*) AND (blind* OR mask*)).ti,ab | 11736 |
18 | (Randomi?ed AND control* AND trial*).af | 65515 |
19 | RANDOM ASSIGNMENT/ | 22506 |
20 | (Random* AND allocat*).ti,ab | 3666 |
21 | placebo*.af | 34556 |
22 | PLACEBOS/ | 5386 |
23 | QUANTITATIVE STUDIES/ | 5131 |
24 | 15 OR 16 OR17 OR 18 OR 19 OR 20 OR 21 OR 22 OR 23 | 176918 |
25 | 14 AND 24 | 226 |
7. SCOPUS
We did not search this database as it includes all of MEDLINE, all of Embase and some of CINAHL, which have been searched separately.
8. Search strategy for LILACS
http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/
1. Pain$ or dolor$ or intractabl$ or neuropath$ or phantom or fantom or myofasc$ or temp$romandibular or sciatic$ or back-ache or backache or ache or lumbago or fibromyalg$ or neuralg$ or dystroph$ or atroph$ or causalgi$ or whip-lash or whiplash or polymyalg$ [Words]
2. ((Estimulaci$ or stimulat$) and (cerebra$ or brain$ or cortex or cortical or crania$ or transcranial$ or magneti$)) or electrostim$ or electrotherapy$ or electro-therap$ or “theta burst stimul$” or iTBS or Ctbs or “transcrani$ magnet$ stimulat$” or rTMS or “transcrani$ direct current stimulat$” or tDCS or “cranial electrostimulat$” or “cranial electrotherapy$ or electrosleep or electronarco$ [Words]
3. ((Pt randomized controlled trial OR Pt controlled clinical trial OR Mh randomized controlled trials OR Mh random allocation OR Mh double-blind method OR Mh single-blind method) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal)) OR (Pt clinical trial OR Ex E05.318.760.535$ OR (Tw clin$ AND (Tw trial$ OR Tw ensa$ OR Tw estud$ OR Tw experim$ OR Tw investiga$)) OR ((Tw singl$ OR Tw simple$ OR Tw doubl$ OR Tw doble$ OR Tw duplo$ OR Tw trebl$ OR Tw trip$) AND (Tw blind$ OR Tw cego$ OR Tw ciego$ OR Tw mask$ OR Tw mascar$)) OR Mh placebos OR Tw placebo$ OR (Tw random$ OR Tw randon$ OR Tw casual$ OR Tw acaso$ OR Tw azar OR Tw aleator$) OR Mh research design) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal)) OR (Ct comparative study OR Ex E05.337$ OR Mh follow-up studies OR Mh prospective studies OR Tw control$ OR Tw prospectiv$ OR Tw volunt$ OR Tw volunteer$) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal))) [Words]
4. 1 and 2 and 3 (68)