Interval debulking surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Abstract
Background
Primary debulking surgery, a crucial step in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer, is not always possible in patients with advanced stage disease (stage III to IV). In some circumstances, surgery may have been attempted but generally does not yield good results with residual tumour masses > 1 to 2 cm (so called suboptimal surgery). Induction or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) may have an alternative role in this setting. However, the advantage of IDS compared to conventional methods is still a controversial issue.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of IDS for patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2008), MEDLINE (January 1966 to June 2008), EMBASE (January 1966 to Junly 2007), and reference lists of included studies.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing survival of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, who had IDS performed between cycles of chemotherapy after primary surgery with survival of women who had conventional treatment (primary debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy).
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Searches for additional information from study authors were attempted. Meta‐analysis of overall and progression free survival (PFS) was performed using fixed effects models.
Main results
Three RCTs, randomising 853 women of whom 781 were evaluated, met the inclusion criteria. Overall survival (OS) showed substantial heterogeneity between trials (I2 = 58%). Subgroup analysis for overall survival in two trials, wherein the primary surgery was not performed by the gynecologic oncologists, showed benefit of IDS: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5 to 0.9, I2 = 0%). Likewise, substantial heterogeneity between two trials for PFS evaluating 702 women was also shown (I2 =75%). Rates of toxic reactions to chemotherapy were similar in both arms (Relative risk (RR) = 1.3, 95%CI: 0.4 to 3.6), but little information is available for other adverse events. Only one trial reported quality of life (QOL), which was generally similar in both treatment arms.
Authors' conclusions
No conclusive evidence was found to determine whether IDS between cycles of chemotherapy would improve or decrease the survival of women with advanced ovarian cancer, compared with conventional treatment of primary surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. IDS appeared to yield benefit only in the patients whose primary surgery was not performed by gynecologic oncologists. Data on QOL and adverse events were inconclusive.
PICOs
Plain language summary
Interval debulking surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer frequently presents at an advanced stage so it may not be possible to surgically remove all the tumours. Several cycles of chemotherapy are generally given after primary surgery. Secondary surgery, performed after a few cycles of chemotherapy before proceeding to further cycles of chemotherapy, is called interval debulking surgery (IDS). This review compared the survival of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, who had IDS performed between cycles of chemotherapy after primary surgery with survival of patients who had conventional treatment (primary debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy). It found similar survival in patients who did and did not receive IDS. No adequate information regarding adverse effects was available. Data on quality of life (QOL) of the patients were also inconclusive.
