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Study flow diagram.

Figures and Tables -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram.

Table 1. Levels of quality of individual studies

Judgement of risk of bias

Quality rating of study

Risk of bias of all domains low

High methodological quality = ‘high‐quality study’

Unclear or high risk of bias for one or more domains

Low methodological quality = ‘low‐quality study’

High risk of bias for most domains

Very low methodological quality = ‘very low‐quality study’

Figures and Tables -
Table 1. Levels of quality of individual studies
Table 2. Levels of evidence quality using the GRADE approach

Underlying methodology

Quality rating

Randomised trials; or double‐upgraded observational studies

High

Downgraded randomised trials; or upgraded observational studies

Moderate

Double‐downgraded randomised trials; or observational studies

Low

Triple‐downgraded randomised trials; or downgraded observational studies; or case series/case reports

Very low

Figures and Tables -
Table 2. Levels of evidence quality using the GRADE approach