1 Severe postpartum haemorrhage (> 1000 ml) Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Caesarean delivery

2

432

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.39, 2.15]

1.2 Vaginal delivery

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Postpartum haemorrhage (> 500 ml or as defined by trialist) Show forest plot

5

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Caesarean delivery

4

1195

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.66 [0.42, 1.06]

2.2 Vaginal delivery

1

131

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.43, 2.09]

3 Use of additional uterotonic therapy Show forest plot

5

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Caesarean delivery

4

1173

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.51, 0.81]

3.2 Vaginal delivery

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.44, 1.94]

4 Need for blood transfusion Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Caesarean delivery

1

377

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [0.22, 2.95]

4.2 Vaginal delivery

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Mean blood loss (millilitres) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Caesarean delivery

2

161

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐29.00 [‐83.18, 25.18]

5.2 Vaginal delivery

1

160

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.30 [‐57.40, 64.00]

6 Mean haemoglobin difference (g/dL) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Caesarean delivery

2

1012

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [‐0.76, 2.36]

6.2 Vaginal delivery

1

160

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.10 [‐0.38, 6.58]

7 Mean haematocrit difference (g/L) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Caesarean delivery

0

0

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Vaginal delivery

1

160

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.00, 0.02]

8 Need for uterine massage (not prespecified) Show forest plot

3

899

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.49, 0.84]

8.1 Caesarean delivery

2

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.54 [0.31, 0.96]

8.2 Vaginal delivery

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.51, 0.94]

9 Maternal adverse drug reactions for caesarean delivery Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 Headache

3

820

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.59, 1.18]

9.2 Chills

1

57

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.9 [0.12, 68.33]

9.3 Abdominal pain/pain

2

716

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.03 [0.85, 1.24]

9.4 Dizziness

1

57

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.06, 14.70]

9.5 Tremor

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.51, 1.13]

9.6 Nausea

2

716

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.72, 1.16]

9.7 Vomiting

2

716

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.59, 1.49]

9.8 Back pain

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.81 [0.40, 1.67]

9.9 Pruritis/itching

1

57

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.21, 4.39]

9.10 Feeling of warmth

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.84, 1.61]

9.11 Metallic taste

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.96 [0.53, 1.73]

9.12 Flushing

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.14 [0.87, 1.48]

9.13 Sweating

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.42, 2.38]

9.14 Shortness of breath

1

57

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.77 [0.37, 125.32]

9.15 Premature ventricular contractions

1

57

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.32 [0.01, 7.59]

10 Maternal adverse drug reactions for vaginal delivery Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 Headache

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.51 [0.20, 1.30]

10.2 Chills

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.06 [0.40, 2.79]

10.3 Abdominal pain/pain

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

10.21 [0.57, 181.71]

10.4 Dizziness

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.08 [0.38, 3.08]

10.5 Tremor

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.32, 4.16]

10.6 Nausea

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.66 [0.22, 2.00]

10.7 Vomiting

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.00, 1.25]

10.8 Pruritis/itching

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.01, 1.89]

10.9 Nervous

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.24 [0.55, 2.77]

10.10 Cardiovascular

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.67 [0.29, 1.59]

10.11 Vasodilation

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.11 [0.35, 3.50]

10.12 Hemic/lymphatic

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.36, 1.94]

10.13 Leukocytosis

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.25, 1.91]

10.14 Digestive

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.65 [0.26, 1.62]

10.15 Urogenital

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.30 [0.43, 3.92]

10.16 Skin/appendages

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.08 [0.00, 1.50]

11 Headache in caesarean/vaginal delivery Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

11.1 Caesarean

3

820

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.41, 1.67]

11.2 Vaginal

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.51 [0.20, 1.30]

12 Nausea for caesarean/vaginal delivery Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

12.1 Caesarean

2

716

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.72, 1.16]

12.2 Vaginal

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.66 [0.22, 2.00]

13 Vomiting for caesarean/vaginal delivery Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 Caesarean

2

716

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.59, 1.49]

13.2 Vaginal

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.00, 1.25]

14 Tremor for caesarean/vaginal delivery Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

14.1 Caesarean

1

659

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.51, 1.13]

14.2 Vaginal

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.32, 4.16]

15 Chills in caesarean/vaginal delivery Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 Caesarean

1

57

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.9 [0.12, 68.33]

15.2 Vaginal

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.06 [0.40, 2.79]

16 At least one adverse event Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

16.1 Caesarean delivery

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

16.2 Vaginal delivery

1

160

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.71, 1.27]

1 Severe postpartum haemorrhage (> 1000 ml) Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 All women

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.09, 2.72]

2 Postpartum haemorrhage (> 500 ml) Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 All women

4

1030

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.48, 2.07]

3 Use of additional uterotonic therapy Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 All women

4

1030

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.60, 1.15]

4 Need for blood transfusion Show forest plot

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.75 [0.52, 5.93]

5 Mean blood loss (millimetres) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 All women

4

1030

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐48.84 [‐94.82, ‐2.85]

6 Vomiting Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 All women

4

1030

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.21 [0.11, 0.39]

7 Nausea Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 All women

4

1030

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.15, 0.40]

8 Tremor Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 All women

2

490

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.42 [0.22, 0.83]

9 Retching Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 All women

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.03, 0.62]

10 Headache Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 All women

4

1030

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.46, 1.48]

11 Sweating Show forest plot

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.12, 0.90]

11.1 All women

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.12, 0.90]

12 Uterine or abdominal pain Show forest plot

2

610

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.56 [0.35, 0.92]

12.1 All women

2

610

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.56 [0.35, 0.92]

13 Facial flushing Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 All women

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.49 [0.22, 1.09]

14 Shivering Show forest plot

1

300

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.07, 1.63]

14.1 All women

1

300

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.07, 1.63]

15 Mean haemoglobin difference (g/dL) Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 All women

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.17, ‐0.03]

16 Hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90) immediately after delivery Show forest plot

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.15, 1.64]

17 Hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90) 30 minutes after delivery Show forest plot

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.06 [0.01, 0.44]

18 Hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90) 60 minutes after delivery Show forest plot

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.01, 0.54]

1 Severe postpartum haemorrhage (> 1000ml) Show forest plot

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.09, 2.72]

1.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.09, 2.72]

2 Postpartum haemorrhage (> 500 ml) Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.13, 1.91]

2.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.38 [0.56, 3.39]

3 Use of additional uterotonic therapy Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.09, 1.17]

3.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.65, 1.26]

4 Need for blood transfusion Show forest plot

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.75 [0.52, 5.93]

4.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.75 [0.52, 5.93]

5 Mean blood loss (millimetres) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐99.0 [‐145.27, ‐52.73]

5.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐34.60 [‐83.76, 14.57]

6 Vomiting Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.2 [0.01, 4.08]

6.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.21 [0.11, 0.40]

7 Nausea Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.01, 8.02]

7.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.15, 0.40]

8 Tremor Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

8.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.42 [0.22, 0.83]

9 Retching Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.03, 0.62]

10 Headache Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.0 [0.19, 21.47]

10.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.77 [0.42, 1.42]

11 Sweating Show forest plot

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.12, 0.90]

11.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

1

370

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.12, 0.90]

12 Uterine or abdominal pain Show forest plot

2

610

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.56 [0.35, 0.92]

12.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

2

610

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.56 [0.35, 0.92]

13 Facial flushing Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

13.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

3

910

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.49 [0.22, 1.09]

14 Shivering Show forest plot

1

300

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.07, 1.63]

14.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

1

300

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.07, 1.63]

15 Mean haemoglobin difference (g/dL) Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 Women with risk factor for PPH

1

120

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.17, ‐0.03]

15.2 Women without risk factor for PPH

1

300

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.37, 0.17]

16 Hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg) immediately after delivery Show forest plot

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.15, 1.64]

16.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.15, 1.64]

17 Hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90) 30 minutes after delivery Show forest plot

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.06 [0.01, 0.44]

17.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.06 [0.01, 0.44]

18 Hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90) 60 minutes after delivery Show forest plot

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.01, 0.54]

18.1 Women without risk factor for PPH

2

540

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.01, 0.54]

1 Use of additional uterotonic therapy Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Caesarean delivery

1

119

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.09, 0.35]