Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figures and Tables -
Figure 1

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Study flow diagram: original search 2002
Figures and Tables -
Figure 2

Study flow diagram: original search 2002

Study flow diagram for 2011 review update
Figures and Tables -
Figure 3

Study flow diagram for 2011 review update

Table 1. Outcome measures used in sound therapy trials

Outcome measure

Veale 1993

Rimland 1995

Bettison 1996

Zollweg 1997

Edelson 1999

Mudford 2000

Corbett 2008

Aberrant Behaviour Checklist

✔*

✔*

 

✔***

✔*

✔*,**

 

Developmental Behaviour Checklist:

parent, teacher (Einfeld 1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Autism Behaviour Checklist

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conners' Rating Scales ‐ Parent

 

 

 

 

 

Nisonger Child Behaviour Rating Form ‐ Parent

(Aman 1996)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist ‐ Parent

 

 

 

 

Leiter International Performance Scale

 

 

 

 

 

Peabody Picture Vocabulary test

 

 

✔†

 

 

 

✔‡

Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scores

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reynell Language Developmental Scales III:

a) expressive language

b) comprehension

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sensory problems checklist

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hearing sensitivity questionnaire (HSQ)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sound sensitivity questionnaire (version of HSQ)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pure tone discomfort test

 

 

 

 

 

Ear occlusion

 

 

 

 

 

 

P300 event‐related brain potentials

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loudness discomfort levels

 

 

 

 

 

 

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐Generic

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scale‐Fourth Edition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expressive One Word Vocabulary Test

 

 

 

 

 

 

* parent, ** teacher, *** other, † L, M forms, ‡third edition

Figures and Tables -
Table 1. Outcome measures used in sound therapy trials
Table 2. Significance of results for outcomes used in sound therapy trials

Outcome

Trial

Tool(s)

Duration of follow‐up

Between group difference

Behaviour problems

Bettison 1996

Autism Behaviour Checklist, Developmental Behaviour Checklist

12 months

Improved both groups

Not significant

Edelson 1999

Aberrant Behaviour Checklist ABC)†, Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist (FAPC), Conners' Rating Scales ‐ Parent

3 months

Not significant for FAPC and Conners' Rating Scales, significant improvement for ABC for AIT group

Mudford 2000

Aberrant Behaviour Checklist‡, Nisonger Child Behaviour Rating Form ‐ Parent, observations from parents

14 months

No significant improvement for combined behavioural data

Rimland 1995

Aberrant Behaviour Checklist‡, Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist

3 months

Significant improvement for AIT group for both tools (including 4 of 5 subscales of ABC)

Veale 1993

Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist, Conners' Rating Scales ‐ Parent, Aberrant Behaviour Checklist†

3 months

Not significant for all tools.

Zollweg 1997

Aberrant Behaviour Checklist‡

9 months

Improved both groups (including each ABC subscale)

Not significant

Cognitive ability

Mudford 2000

Leiter International Performance Scale and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scores

14 months

Neither group improved for all tools

Bettison 1996

Leiter International Performance Scale

12 months

Both groups improved

Corbett 2008

Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scale ‐ Fourth Edition

9 months

Not applicable

Sound sensitivity

Zollweg 1997

"Loudness discomfort levels"

9 months

Not significant

Bettison 1996

Sound sensitivity questionnaire

12 months

Not significant.

Improved both groups

Rimland 1995

Hearing sensitivity questionnaire and a "Pure Tone Discomfort test"

3 months

Neither group improved

Listening and comprehension

Rimland 1995

Subgroup of Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist

3 months

Significant improvement for AIT group

Language

Corbett 2008

Peabody Picture Vocabulary test, Expressive One Word Vocabulary Test

9 months

Not significant for both tools

Bettison 1996

Peabody Picture Vocabulary test

12 months

Not significant

Adverse events

Bettison 1996

Parental questionnaire (non‐standardised)

12 months

Not significant

Rimland 1995

Parental questionnaire

3 months

Not significant

† Total scores presented for Aberrant Behaviour Checklist only, ‡ Total and subgroup scores for Aberrant Behaviour Checklist presented

Figures and Tables -
Table 2. Significance of results for outcomes used in sound therapy trials