Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration.

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Duration and frequency (> 50% reduction).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Duration and frequency (> 50% reduction).

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Flunarizine vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal.

Comparison 2 Nimodipine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Nimodipine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.

Comparison 2 Nimodipine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Nimodipine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration.

Comparison 2 Nimodipine vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Nimodipine vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Adverse events.

Comparison 3 Propranolol vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency (> 67% reduction).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Propranolol vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency (> 67% reduction).

Comparison 3 Propranolol vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Frequency.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Propranolol vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Frequency.

Comparison 3 Propranolol vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Propranolol vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Adverse events.

Comparison 4 Timolol vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Timolol vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal.

Comparison 5 Papaverine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency (50% or greater reduction).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Papaverine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency (50% or greater reduction).

Comparison 5 Papaverine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Papaverine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal.

Comparison 6 Pizotifen vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Pizotifen vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Adverse events.

Comparison 7 Trazodone vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Trazodone vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.

Comparison 7 Trazodone vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7 Trazodone vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration.

Comparison 7 Trazodone vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 7.3

Comparison 7 Trazodone vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Adverse events.

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency.

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Migraine index.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 8.2

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Migraine index.

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Migraine index (> 70% improvement).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 8.3

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Migraine index (> 70% improvement).

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 8.4

Comparison 8 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Adverse events.

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency (no attacks).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 9.1

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Frequency (no attacks).

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration (< 4 hours).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 9.2

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 2 Duration (< 4 hours).

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Intensity (mild).
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Analysis 9.3

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 3 Intensity (mild).

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 9.4

Comparison 9 Clonidine vs. placebo, Outcome 4 Adverse events.

Comparison 10 Metoclopramide vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (>70% improvement).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 10.1

Comparison 10 Metoclopramide vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (>70% improvement).

Comparison 11 Domperidone vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (> 70% improvement).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 11.1

Comparison 11 Domperidone vs. placebo, Outcome 1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (> 70% improvement).

Comparison 12 Flunarizine vs. acetylsalicylic acid, Outcome 1 Frequency (50% or greater reduction).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 12.1

Comparison 12 Flunarizine vs. acetylsalicylic acid, Outcome 1 Frequency (50% or greater reduction).

Comparison 12 Flunarizine vs. acetylsalicylic acid, Outcome 2 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 12.2

Comparison 12 Flunarizine vs. acetylsalicylic acid, Outcome 2 Adverse events.

Comparison 13 Flunarizine vs. nimodipine, Outcome 1 Frequency (> 50% reduction).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 13.1

Comparison 13 Flunarizine vs. nimodipine, Outcome 1 Frequency (> 50% reduction).

Comparison 13 Flunarizine vs. nimodipine, Outcome 2 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 13.2

Comparison 13 Flunarizine vs. nimodipine, Outcome 2 Adverse events.

Comparison 14 Flunarizine vs. propranolol, Outcome 1 Frequency (> 75% reduction).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 14.1

Comparison 14 Flunarizine vs. propranolol, Outcome 1 Frequency (> 75% reduction).

Comparison 14 Flunarizine vs. propranolol, Outcome 2 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 14.2

Comparison 14 Flunarizine vs. propranolol, Outcome 2 Adverse events.

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 1 Frequency.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 15.1

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 1 Frequency.

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 2 Duration.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 15.2

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 2 Duration.

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 3 Intensity.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 15.3

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 3 Intensity.

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 4 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 15.4

Comparison 15 Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine, Outcome 4 Adverse events.

Comparison 16 Metoclopramide vs. domperidone, Outcome 1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (> 70% improvement).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 16.1

Comparison 16 Metoclopramide vs. domperidone, Outcome 1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (> 70% improvement).

Comparison 17 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen, Outcome 1 Headache index.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 17.1

Comparison 17 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen, Outcome 1 Headache index.

Comparison 17 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen, Outcome 2 Pain total index.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 17.2

Comparison 17 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen, Outcome 2 Pain total index.

Comparison 17 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen, Outcome 3 Adverse events.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 17.3

Comparison 17 L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen, Outcome 3 Adverse events.

Comparison 1. Flunarizine vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Duration Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Duration and frequency (> 50% reduction) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Flunarizine vs. placebo
Comparison 2. Nimodipine vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Duration Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. Nimodipine vs. placebo
Comparison 3. Propranolol vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency (> 67% reduction) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Frequency Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Adverse events Show forest plot

2

134

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.10, 0.16]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 3. Propranolol vs. placebo
Comparison 4. Timolol vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 4. Timolol vs. placebo
Comparison 5. Papaverine vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency (50% or greater reduction) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Adverse events resulting in withdrawal Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 5. Papaverine vs. placebo
Comparison 6. Pizotifen vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 6. Pizotifen vs. placebo
Comparison 7. Trazodone vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Duration Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 7. Trazodone vs. placebo
Comparison 8. L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Migraine index Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Migraine index (> 70% improvement) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 8. L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo
Comparison 9. Clonidine vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency (no attacks) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Duration (< 4 hours) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Intensity (mild) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Adverse events Show forest plot

2

143

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐0.06, 0.15]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 9. Clonidine vs. placebo
Comparison 10. Metoclopramide vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (>70% improvement) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 10. Metoclopramide vs. placebo
Comparison 11. Domperidone vs. placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (> 70% improvement) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 11. Domperidone vs. placebo
Comparison 12. Flunarizine vs. acetylsalicylic acid

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency (50% or greater reduction) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 12. Flunarizine vs. acetylsalicylic acid
Comparison 13. Flunarizine vs. nimodipine

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency (> 50% reduction) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 13. Flunarizine vs. nimodipine
Comparison 14. Flunarizine vs. propranolol

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency (> 75% reduction) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 14. Flunarizine vs. propranolol
Comparison 15. Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Frequency Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Duration Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Intensity Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 15. Flunarizine vs. dihydroergotamine
Comparison 16. Metoclopramide vs. domperidone

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Therapeutic effectiveness index (> 70% improvement) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 16. Metoclopramide vs. domperidone
Comparison 17. L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Headache index Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Pain total index Show forest plot

1

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 17. L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan vs. pizotifen